大學英語四UNIT4知識點.docx

Detailed Reading 1. Difficult SentencesSales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.How do you understand the word stand?(= Stand is used to show a particular level or amount. For example:Inflation currently stands at nine per cent.Your bank balance stands at $460.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。)The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors.Paraphrase the sentence and pay attention to the structure the key to sth.(=The crucial element of the future smart cars will be sensors.)Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.Analyze the structure of this sentence.(= “Should” is often used in subordinate clauses after if-it makes an event sound less probable. For example: If you should see Harry, give him my regards. (You might see him.)In British English, the structure “if + subject + should + verb” is often replaced by “Should + subject + verb”.For example: Should you see Harry, give him my regards.)To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drivers face and eyes.You must be familiar with the word train, but how do you understand the word in this sentence?(= Here train means to focus on or aim at.)Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.Analyze this sentence.(= There are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio signals which come from orbiting satellites. The sensors can locate the car and warn of traffic jams.)They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 通過這些衛(wèi)星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。)Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.Explain how the navigational facilities help locate the cars position.(= They locate the cars position by establishing the relation between the rotations in the wheel and the cars position on a map. ) The commercial industry is poised to explode.1.What does the commercial industry refer to?(= It refers to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially.)2.Paraphrase the sentence.(= The commercial industry is bound to develop rapidly and be prosperous.)On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, 1.How much do you know about the Interstate in the U.S.?(= Interstate is one of a system of highways extending between and connecting the major cities of the United States.)2.What does stretch mean?(=It means a continuous or unbroken length.)3.Translate this part into Chinese.(= 在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號州際公路一段8英里長的路面上)By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States.1.Paraphrase the structure may well be (= It is very likely that)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(= 到2010年，遠程信息技術很可能應用于美國的一條主要公路。)2. Words and Expressionslucrative: adj. producing much money; profitable (=This is a lucrative business.)我們和一家美國公司做大米進口的生意，賺了些錢。(= We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports.)manufacture: vt. 1) make goods on a large scale using machinery*This firm manufactures cars.在工廠制造產品(= to manufacture goods in a factory)2) invent; make up*Youll have to manufacture some kind of excuse.她編了一段謊話來掩蓋事實。(= She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.)CF: manufacture & make這兩個詞都是動詞，都有制造之意。manufacture 使用范圍較窄，既可指通過使用工業(yè)機械，亦指粗制濫造以一種機械的方式創(chuàng)作、制作或完成。例如：*His books seem to have been manufactured rather than composed. 他的作品像是被機器加工出的，而不是創(chuàng)作的。make 通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造過程。例如：*He made a model plane out of wood. 他用木頭做了一架模型飛機。approximately: adv. more or less exactly (=The car accident happened at approximately 7:45 a.m.)approximate: adj. fairly correct or accurate but not completely so*The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900. 大概的時間是三點鐘。(=The approximate time is three oclock.)eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of *The police have eliminated all the other suspects.她已被取消了參加游泳比賽。(=She has been eliminated from the swimming race.)Pattern: eliminate sth. from sth.*Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?in the air: in the earths atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided*There is a strange smell in the air. (= Hundreds of birds suddenly rose in the air.)我們的計劃尚未確定。(= Our plans are still in the air.)start up: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.*Put the key in the ignition and turn it to start the car up.瑪麗發(fā)動引擎，向她的家鄉(xiāng)駛去。(= Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown.)alert: 1vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc.Pattern: alert sb. to sth.*The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking. 警察警告我有危險。(=The policeman alerted me to the danger.)2adj. attentive; watchfulPattern: be alert to danger*The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.CF: alert & attentivealert 指思維敏捷而高度集中，注視著可能發(fā)生的事件，尤其是危險的、恐怖的事件，并迅速做出反應。例如：*A hunting-dog must be alert. 獵犬必須很機警。*The guards were alert to any danger. 哨兵警惕著一切危險的情況。attentive 強調能夠把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。例如：*I wish you would be more attentive to what your teacher has told you. 希望你能多注意老師對你說的話。*He was absolutely attentive to research into the cause of cancer. 他專心致志研究癌癥的起因。3n. a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for actionPattern: on the alert*The hunters are on the alert for totype: n. the first model or design of sth. from which other forms are copied or developed*prototype equipment *prototype machine*prototype model NB: proto- 前綴，表示“最初的，原始的” 例：protocluster原星團 (cluster 叢)protogalaxy 原星系 ( galaxy星系, 銀河)protovirus 原始病毒 (virus病毒)monotonous: adj. dull and never changing or varying; constant and boring (=The teachers voice was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep.)我在汽車工廠的工作頗為單調乏味。(= My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.)hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or risk*There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.穿越非洲的旅行有許多危險。 (= There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.)Collocation: at all hazards不顧一切風險; 在任何情況下in hazard在危險中, 受到威脅by hazard偶然, 碰運氣be on the hazard 在危險中vibrate: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake (=Toms heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate.)*The hammers strike the piano strings and vibrate them.當司機發(fā)動了發(fā)動機時，公共汽車顫動著。(= The bus vibrated when the driver started up the engine.)frequency: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a particular period of time*Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.*This radio signal has a frequency of 800,000 cycles per second. 科學家正試圖計算出這個地區(qū)地震發(fā)生的頻率。(= The scientists are trying to calculate the frequency of earthquake in this district.)convert: v. change from one form or use to another Pattern: convert sth. to/into sth.*I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. (= Coal can be converted to gas.)那座樓房改成學校了。(= That building has been converted into a school.)correlate: vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another *Research workers find it hard to correlate the two sets of figures.*Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated.Pattern: correlate sth. with sth.*They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns correlate with particular changes in diet.把理論與實踐聯系起來(= correlate the theory with practice)drastically: adv. in a drastic waydrastic: adj. having a strong or violent effect *Drastic measures are needed to improve the performance of the company.法國革命帶來劇烈的社會變動。(= The French Revolution brought about drastic social changes.)application: n. the action or an instance of putting a theory, discovery , etc to practical use*The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.這項新發(fā)明的應用將給公司帶來巨大的利潤。(= The application of the new invention will bring great profits to the company.)be poised to do: be ready to take action at any moment (= It is reported that U.S. forces are poised to attack Iraq.)*The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.mount: v. fix (sth.) in position for use, display or study; put (sth.) into place on a support*Mounting the engine in this way was in improvement.*She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book.她把照片裱貼在她的日記本上。magnetic: adj.1) having the properties of a magnet(=The iron has lost its magnetic force.)*Cotton is not magnetic.2) having an unusual power or ability to attract*He has magnetic personality.他有吸引人的個性。take control of: control*The new manager didnt know how to take control of his company. (= The government has taken control of all the newspapers.)bunch: 1. v. group together (both active and passive)*The captain told the players not to bunch together.*The children were all bunched together in the corner of the room.我們聚在火爐周圍取暖。(= We bunched around the fire for warmth.)2. n. a group of items or individuals gathered or placed together*a bunch of grapes *a bunch of keys*a bunch of flowersincorporate: vt. make (sth.) part of a whole*His newly published book incorporates his earlier essay.他成為該大學的一員。(=He was incorporated a member of the college.)我們將把你的建議編到新計劃中去。(= We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan.)decrease: v. become or make sth. sm