虛擬語氣語法講解與習題.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除虛擬語氣一語氣的分類：語氣概念動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對說話內(nèi)容的看法和態(tài)度。分類陳述語氣表示說話人認為他說的話是事實。祈使語氣表示說話人提出請求，命令或勸告等。虛擬語氣表示說話人認為他所說的話是和事實相反的主觀設想或主觀愿望。二虛擬語氣的用法：（一）虛擬語氣在if條件句中的用法：1. 構成：從句的謂語動詞形式主句的謂語動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）should/would/could/might do 與過去事實相反過去完成式should/would/could/might have done與將來事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）should dowere to doshould/would/could/might do-If I were you, I would give it up. (與現(xiàn)在事實相反)-If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (與過去事實相反)-If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (與將來事實相反)2特殊用法：錯綜時間虛擬條件句：條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，主從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)假設的時間來定。-If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be much better now.if條件句虛擬倒裝：可以把if從句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if構成倒裝。-Were I you, I would give it up.-Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.-Should she come, I could ask her for help.含蓄虛擬條件句：有時假設的情況并不以if引導的條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。-Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. -I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后為真實情況）-He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前為真實情況）特殊的if句虛擬：If it were (had been) not for“要不是”-If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life.-If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.（二）虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法：1一些表示堅持，命令，建議，要求的詞用于名詞性從句中時從句的謂語動詞用虛擬（一堅持，二命令，三建議，四要求）-Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (賓語從句)-That we (should) study hard was our teachers suggestion. (主語從句)-It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主語從句)-Our teachers suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表語從句)-Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位語從句)suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“堅持說”時不用虛擬。-His pale face suggested that he was ill.-The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.2主語從句中的虛擬語氣：It is +形容詞/名詞+that從句（虛擬），常見的形容詞或名詞有：natural, important, necessary/essential, strange, surprising, funny, a pity, a shame, no wonder等。-It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature.-It is a pity that he (should) go to Beijing alone. (此時should翻譯為“竟然”)（三）wish的虛擬語氣用法：(if only與wish用法一致)時間結構對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬wish+主語+動詞過去式對過去情況的虛擬wish+主語+had done/would(could/might) have done對將來情況的虛擬wish+主語+would(could/might) do-I wish I were rich. = If only I were rich. （現(xiàn)在）-I wished he had visited us last night. = If only he had visited us last night. （過去）-I wish I could go to the moon one day. = If only I could go to the moon one day. （將來）（四）would rather的虛擬語氣用法：時間結構對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬would rather +主語+動詞過去式對過去情況的虛擬would rather +主語+had done-I would rather he stayed at home now/tomorrow. （現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚?I would rather he had stayed at home yesterday. (過去)（五）as if/as though的虛擬語氣用法：（as if/though與if用法相同，如果描述的內(nèi)容與事實相符不用虛擬，若不相符則用虛擬）時間結構對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬as if(though)+主語+動詞過去式對過去情況的虛擬as if(though)+主語+had done對將來情況的虛擬as if(though)+主語+would(could/might) do-It looks as if (though) someone were running after her now. （現(xiàn)在）-He behaved as if (though) nothing had happened. 他裝作若無其事的樣子。（過去）-It looks as if (though) she would live another 100 years. （將來）（六）表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，意圖，諾言，希望等，能這樣用的動詞有：want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等，表達方式有兩種：“had+過去分詞+to do”或“過去式+to have done”-I had meant to come, but something happened. = I meant to have come, but something happened.（七）It is (high/about) time that sb. did sth. should do sth. “該是時候了”-It is time (that) we went home. = It is time (that) we should go home.（八）情態(tài)動詞用于表示對過去情況的虛擬：should/ought to have done：本應該做某事 (shouldnt/ought not to have done “本不應該做某事”)might have done：本可能做某事 (might not have done “本不可能做某事”)could have done：本能夠做某事 (couldnt have done “本不能做某事”)need have done：本需要做某事 (neednt have done “本不需要做某事”)-You shouldnt have told him the bad news, which made things even worse.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Tom.-You neednt have told him the news; he knew it already.-The car nearly hit me; I might have been killed.鞏固練習：1. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. （2010北京卷）. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died2. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建卷).A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow3. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. （2010湖南卷）.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture. （2010江蘇卷）.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused5. Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （2010天津卷）.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt6. - John went to the hospital alone.- If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010天津卷).A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told7. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . （2010浙江卷）. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved8. - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. - Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. ( 2010上海卷).A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt9. I _ have watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams. (2010 山東卷) A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustntn. 款待；招待10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. (2009 江蘇卷) A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressedput up with 忍受；容忍11. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. (2009 浙江卷) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt12. But for their help, we _ the program in time. (2009 安徽卷)George Bernard Shaw 喬治?伯納德?蕭 （也譯蕭伯納，英國劇作家） A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished13. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. (2008 全國卷二) A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining14. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. (2008 江西卷)adv. 到處；始終；全部 A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have donecontemporary adj. 當代的；15. -Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. -Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. (2008 江蘇卷)Thunder Bay 桑德灣 A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted16. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (2008 山東卷)forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven) 原諒；饒恕 A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managedloop n. 圈；環(huán)17. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. (2007 陜西卷)leave out 省去；遺漏；不考慮 A. could B. must C. might D. shouldin disguise 偽裝（的）；假扮（的）18. -My cats really fat. -You _ have given her so much food. (2007 浙江卷) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt19. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If I have known20. If you had spoken clearly, you would _. A. understand it B. be understood C. have understood D. have been understood21. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 22. If I _ the meaning of the word, I would not have to look it up. A. had known B. knew C. know D. knowing23. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned24. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. will25. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. be26. -Did you remind him of the meeting? -No, if I _ home, I would have. A. was B. had been C. were D. should be27. Were it not for the debts, we _ all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. are28. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will C. would have been D. would be29. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got30. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not31. The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital. A. wasnt; wasnt sent B. wasnt; shouldnt be sent C. shouldnt; wasnt sent D. shouldnt be; shouldnt be sent32. I would have invited her to the party but I _ her well. A. dont know B. know C. hadnt known D. didnt know33. It is high time that the boy _ be sent to school. A. would B. should C. will D. shall34.