古典樂(lè)器-中英文對(duì)照簡(jiǎn)介.doc

古琴：Qin, also known as Yao Qin, Yu-Qin, a lyre, for the Chinese one of the oldest plucked instruments, the qin is already prevalent in the Confucian period instruments, there are words to consider the history of thousand years, according to Historical Records contains, The emergence of Qin period no later than Yao and Shun. The beginning of this century, only for the distinction of Western instruments in the piano added in front of a word historic, called Qin. Still ringing in his study so far, the ancient musical instruments on stage.巴烏Bau, is a bamboo reed instruments copper, spring for the tongue. The Yi, Hani, Dai, Wa, Blang, Miao and other ethnic wind instruments. Yi called the local and Fei Limo, Hani called Meiba. Bau is popular in southwest China Yi, Miao, Hani and other single-reed wind instrument family, Bau is made with bamboo, has eight finger holes (seven before the latter), disposed in the mouthpiece of a brass reed tongue tip, blowing across the top of playing, vibrating reed sound. Bau smaller volume, but the sound soft, southwest Chinas people call it a talking instrument. Bau popular in the Red River in Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Lincang, Dehong, meltwater Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guizhou Province, Guizhou and South Guizhou and other places.Dizi （笛子）: The dizi is a bamboo flute.It has been suggested thatthe instrument originated in Southern orCentral Asia over 2000 yearsago. It is a unique solo instrument and isalso used extensively inensembles and orchestras. These flutes have 6open holes and a lovelybright sound.笛子是由竹子做成的樂(lè)器，據(jù)說(shuō)在2000年前最早出現(xiàn)于南亞和中亞。笛子是一種獨(dú)特的單人彈奏樂(lè)器，但也在合唱團(tuán)和管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)里被頻繁彈奏。笛子有6個(gè)吹氣孔，奏出的聲音響亮清脆。Sheng （笙）; The sheng, also called the Chinese mouthorgan, isone of the most ancient of Chinese instruments. The sheng istheinstrument that inspired the invention of the accordion andharmonica.It has a wonderful blowing sound. Bob Dylan should strap oneof theseon and blow in the wind for a while.笙，也被稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)口琴”，是中國(guó)最古老的樂(lè)器之一。笙為手風(fēng)琴和口琴的誕生帶來(lái)了靈感。笙吹奏出來(lái)的聲音非常空靈美妙。鮑勃迪倫應(yīng)該在風(fēng)中吹奏一曲笙。Pipa （琵琶）: The pipa is a Chinese lute and goes back more than2000 years. The pipa is the most popular of Chinasmany pluckedstringed instruments. Playing techniques vary widely. It isusedcommonly as a solo and orchestral instrument, both in China andabroad.Pipa players are almost always female.琵琶被稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)笛子”，最早可追溯到2000多年前。琵琶是中國(guó)許多彈撥弦樂(lè)器中最受人歡迎的一種。彈奏琵琶的手法多種多樣。無(wú)論是在中國(guó)還是外國(guó)，最常見(jiàn)的是琵琶獨(dú)奏和在管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)中彈奏。琵琶的另一個(gè)特色是彈奏者幾乎都是女演奏家。erhu （二胡）: The erhu (English and Chinese name are the same) is thegrandfather of the violin clan. Itstwo string resonates thick sadsounds, which often motivate tears anddeep thoughts. It is stillcommon to find real snake skin bases, but thecat-gut strings have beenreplaced with steel ones. The popular band,Tang Dynasty, haseffectively integrated the erhus classic sound intotheir modern rocksound.二胡（英文名與中文名一樣）是小提琴家族的祖父級(jí)。二胡的兩根弦彈奏出濃郁悲傷的曲調(diào)，經(jīng)常讓人聽(tīng)之落淚，發(fā)人深思?，F(xiàn)在仍然可以經(jīng)?？吹秸嬲囊陨咂榈椎亩?，但是過(guò)去用貓皮做的弦卻逐漸被鋼絲取代。流行搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)“唐朝”就是有效地把二胡的古典音響完美地結(jié)合進(jìn)他們的現(xiàn)代搖滾節(jié)奏中去。Chinese Gongs （鑼?zhuān)? Gongs are round percussioninstruments made ofbrass. You hit them, then a wave of sound floatsout. Big gongs areplayed with a hammer which is wrapped in cloth,whereas small gongs areplayed with bamboo or wooden sticks. Theinstrument is commonly used intraditional operas, folk music, and yoga class. The waves of sound dowonders in helping people relax, especially after exercise. Try it!鑼是由貝司手彈奏的一種圓形的打擊樂(lè)器。當(dāng)敲擊鑼的時(shí)候，就有聲音的回響傳出來(lái)。大鑼是由纏著布的小槌敲擊，而小鑼則由木制或竹制的小木棒敲擊奏音。鑼通常在傳統(tǒng)戲劇、民間音樂(lè)和瑜伽課時(shí)彈奏。鑼發(fā)出的聲音能給人們帶來(lái)神奇的放松的感覺(jué)，尤其是在鍛煉結(jié)束后。下次你不妨試試看。葫蘆絲The hulusi (traditional: 葫蘆絲; simplified: 葫蘆絲; pinyin: hls) is a free reed wind instrument from China. It is held vertically and has three bamboo pipes which pass through a gourd wind chest; one pipe has finger holes and the other two are drone pipes.The hulusi was originally used primarily in the Yunnan province by the Dai and other non-Han ethnic groups but is now played throughout China, and hulusi are manufactured in such northern cities as Tianjin. Like the related free reed pipe called bawu, the hulusi has a very pure, clarinet-like sound.Although the hulusi is still predominantly performed in China, it has in recent years been adopted by European composers and performers. Rohan Leach from England; Rapheal De Cock from Belgium and Herman Witkam from the Netherlands have all taken the instrument in new directions.A similar instrument called hulusheng is a mouth organ with a gourd wind chest. 編鐘，又叫歌鐘，是我國(guó)古代的重要樂(lè)器。用青銅鑄成，依鐘的大小而有次序地掛在木制鐘架上，音色清脆、悠揚(yáng)，穿透力強(qiáng)。歷代的編鐘形制不一，枚數(shù)也有異。古代用于宮廷雅樂(lè)，每逢征戰(zhàn)、宴享、朝聘和祭祀都要演奏編鐘。它可以用于獨(dú)奏、合奏或?yàn)楦璩⑽璧赴樽?。如今編鐘多用于民族管弦?lè)隊(duì)，是色彩性很強(qiáng)的旋律樂(lè)器。 編鐘的鐘身呈橢圓形，很象兩個(gè)瓦片合在一起，上徑小，下徑大，縱徑小，橫徑大，鐘口邊緣不截齊，兩角向下延伸，成尖角形。頂端有柄的為甬鐘，帶鈕的為鈕鐘。鐘的各部位都有著特定的名稱(chēng)，上部稱(chēng)為鉦，下部謂之鼓，鐘口兩角為銑，鐘唇曰于，鐘頂名舞。在鐘的鼓部，鑄有精美的圖飾，鉦部的紋飾稱(chēng)為鐘帶或?yàn)樽g，每枚鐘的鉦部都有36個(gè)突起的隆包，謂之鐘乳或枚。 1978年湖北隨縣城郊的擂鼓墩出土戰(zhàn)國(guó)初期的曾候乙墓編鐘,共六十五枚。被稱(chēng)為我國(guó)古代“編鐘之王”。 曾候乙編鐘每個(gè)鐘體上都刻有錯(cuò)金篆體銘文，正面刻“曾候乙乍時(shí)”（曾候乙作）。鐘背則記有與晉、楚等國(guó)律名的對(duì)應(yīng)文字，共標(biāo)有關(guān)于樂(lè)律的銘文2800多字，記錄了許多音樂(lè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，在科學(xué)概念上表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)精確的程度，顯示了我國(guó)古代音樂(lè)文化的高水平，表明我國(guó)早在公元前5世紀(jì)，就已使用十二平均律了，這比歐洲要早1800年。 Bells known songs bell is an important instrument in ancient China. With cast bronze, in accordance with the size of the order of minutes to hang on the shelves of wooden bell, colors and clear, resonant, penetrating power. The bells different shapes history, there are several different pieces. Ancient Music for Gagaku during wars feast, worship and Circumstance should play bells. It can be used for solo or ensemble singing, dance accompaniment. Today, many of those for national orchestra, color is a strong melody instrument. The bell chimes who was oval, much like two tiles together and on the small track, the next track, longitudinal diameter smaller diameter, I do not cut risk Qi Zhong, 16.20 downward, pointed shape. The head of a stalk to the top of the bell brought Niu Niu for the bell. The bell has a specific name of the site, known as moving the upper and the lower part is called the drum bell mouth 16.20 for milling, bell on the lips say, Name-minute dance. Department bell in the dark, casting a beautiful patterns, the Ministry of moving the bell or a decoration called for Fragrance, Each had 36 minutes of the Ministry of moving the Lombau processes, known as silt or gold. 1978 Leigutaizhongdong Hubei Suixian county suburbs Pier B-designate has unear