初中英語(yǔ)初一介詞.doc

第十七講 介詞 姓名_學(xué)校_年級(jí)_【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握7年級(jí)的介詞用法 及其固定搭配【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】 介詞講解介詞的作用介詞表地點(diǎn)、位置、方向的介詞above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表時(shí)間的介詞by, in, on ,over, with其他介詞like, with, without, from, next, to一介詞的概念：介詞用來(lái)表明名詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。二一些常用的介詞的區(qū)別： in, to, on在方位名詞前的區(qū)別 1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi)。如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外，即二者之間有距離間隔。 如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰。如： North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by在表示時(shí)間上的區(qū)別 1. at指時(shí)間表示： （1）時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。如： They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak）. （2）較短暫的一段時(shí)間。可指某個(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。 如： He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival）. 2. in指時(shí)間表示： （1）在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間（如世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）內(nèi)。如： in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段時(shí)間之后。一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“在以后”。 如： He will arrive in two hours. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，in意為“在以內(nèi)”。如： These products will be made in a month. 注意：after用于將來(lái)時(shí)間也指一段時(shí)間之后，但其后的時(shí)間是“一點(diǎn)”，而不是“一段”。 如： He will arrive after 6 oclock. 3. on指時(shí)間表示： （1）具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間，如某日、節(jié)日、星期幾等,如： On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如： He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. （3）準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)。如： If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指時(shí)間表示： （1）不遲于，在（某時(shí)）前。如： He will come by six oclock. （2）在間，在的時(shí)候。如： He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. near表示相對(duì)的近，實(shí)際距離可能還很遠(yuǎn)。如： Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近，實(shí)際距離不很遠(yuǎn)，但beside比by更具體地表示出“在旁邊”的意思。如： He was sitting beside her. 3. at也有“在旁邊”的意思，但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置，而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系。 如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in和on表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. at表示地點(diǎn)： （1）用于指較小的地方。如：arrive at，接小地方 I will wait for you at the station. （2）用于門牌號(hào)碼前。如： He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地點(diǎn)：arrive in 接較大地方 如： He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地點(diǎn)，一般指與面或線接觸，意為“在上；在旁”。 如： The picture was hanging on the wall. . besides, except, but表示“除外”之間的區(qū)別 1. besides表示“除了以外，還有”，具有附加性質(zhì)。如： Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了） 注意：besides用于否定句中時(shí)，與except, but同義，可互換。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性質(zhì)。如： We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生沒去） 3. but意為“除了”，與except同義，except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的部分，but則強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，常修飾否定意義的代詞。如： Nobody knew it but me.This is nothing but a piece of cake. . above, over, on, up表示“在上”之間的區(qū)別 1. above指“上方”，表示相對(duì)高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞為below。 如： Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反義詞為under。 如： The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與beneath相對(duì)。 如： There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為down。如： Please stand up with, from, for, at表示原因的區(qū)別 1. with表示原因，指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部，意為“因?yàn)?；由于”?如： The little girl was shivering with cold. 2. from表示動(dòng)機(jī)、疲勞、痛苦等原因。如： She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因。 如： I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因，指“聽到；看到；想到”等。 如： At the news they felt very glad. for和of的用法區(qū)別試比較：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定,一般來(lái)說(shuō),of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫人的品質(zhì)的好壞，人自身的特點(diǎn)，如聰明與否，細(xì)心與粗心等；for之前的形容詞用于描寫事物的特點(diǎn)，如可能性，必然性，難易程度等。 by，with，in的用法區(qū)別by表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某種交通工具；with指借助于具體的手段或工具；in 表示以.方式，用語(yǔ)言，文字等媒介。 after和 in 的用法區(qū)別這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示時(shí)間在以后的意思。其區(qū)別是：after 以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時(shí)間之后，常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子；in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子。 如：I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.3、 介詞詞組1)ask for 向要,請(qǐng)求 2)ask for leave 請(qǐng)假 3)send for 派人去請(qǐng)(叫) 4)pay for 付的款 5)wait for 等候 6)thank for 為感謝 7)look for 尋找 8)leavefor 離開去 9)catch up with 趕上 10)agree with sb. 贊成,同意某人的意見 11)filledwith 把裝滿 12)talk about 談?wù)?13)think about 考慮 14)worry about 擔(dān)憂 15)look after 照料 16)run after 追趕,跟在后面跑 17)read after 跟讀 18)smile at 對(duì)微笑 19)knock at 敲(門,窗) 20)hear of 聽說(shuō) 21)think of 認(rèn)為,考慮 22)instead of 代替 23)hand in 交上來(lái) 24)hear from 收到來(lái)信 25)at once 立刻 26)at last 最后 27)at first 起先,首先 28)at the age of 在歲時(shí) 29)at the end of 在之末 30)at the beginning of 在之初31)at the foot of 在腳下 32)at the same time 同時(shí) 33)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 34)with the help of 在的幫助下 35)with a smile 面帶笑容 36)after a while 過了一會(huì)兒 37)from now on 從現(xiàn)在起 38)far away from 遠(yuǎn)離 39)by the way 順便說(shuō) 40)by the end of 到底為止 41)in all 總共 42)in fact 事實(shí)上 43)in a hurry 匆忙 44)in the middle of 在中間 45)in time 及時(shí) 46)in front of 在前面 47)in the end 最后,終于 48)in turn 依次 49)of course 當(dāng)然 50)a bit (of) 有一點(diǎn)兒 51)a lot of 許多 52)on ones way to 某人在去的路上 53)on foot 步行,走路 54)on the left (right) 在左(右)邊 【經(jīng)典練習(xí)】1.介詞填空(1)We have shirts _red,blue and yellow. The girl _red is my cousin.(2)We have no bread_our breakfast.(3)My father buy me a beautiful bike.=My father buy a beautiful bike _)me.(4)Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo _ me.(5)Tom gives me a nice bag.=Tom gives a nice bag_me.(6)I like to stay _bed on Sunday. (7)There are some toys _ the bed.(8)There are three birds_- the tree. (9)There are many apples _ the apple tree.(10)I often buy some things _that shop near my house.(11)There is a window _the wall. (12)There is a map _the wall.(13)That young man tried to sell that watch_ me.(14) She often goes to see Beijing Opera _her father.(15)I have no money_ me. (16)She often helps me _my English.(17)Whats wrong _you? (18)She writes _a pen.(19)The boy _short hair is my brother. (20) What is this _ English?(21)Im sorry.I am not_.=Im sorry.I am at home now.(22).Im Class Three. Are you_Class Three，too?(23)Sounds _ fun. (24) You can join us_the football game.(25)You are good _English.=You do well _English.(26)_the back of the photo ,there is a V. (27) Welcome_our school!(28).I am interested _Chinese very much.(29)I got _Beijing on Sunday.=I arrived _Beijing on Sunday.(30)Dont be late_school .(31)You can describe the map _-your own words (32)He likes writing _ink (墨水)(33) We have black and blue hats _$15. =We sell black and blue hats _the price of $15.(34)come and buy some clothes_ you _the great sale.(35)This house is_sale! (36)Is that book _sale in you store? = Do you sell that book?(37) Hollywood is famous_ the movies and the movie stars.(38) The girl is playing_a yo-yo.(39)He goes to work _car = He goes to work_the car = He drives a car _work.(40)He goes to school _ bus = He goes to school_the bus =He takes a bus _work.(41)He goes to school_ foot = He walks_ school.(42)Its time _me to have breakfast. =Its time _ my breakfast.(43) Michael Jordan is famous _ a basketball player.(44)She _her father often goes to see Beijing Opera _ weekends.(45) He doesnt like math, because its too difficult _him.(46) He does Chinese kung fu _an hour every day.(47) I want a pair of sports shoes.=I want a pair of shoes _sports.(48) You can be _ our swimming club.(49) He comes _Canada.=He is _Canada.(50) He only watches sports _TV. (51) Can you help me fill _my calendar?(52)Are you good _kids ？ (53)Jim is good _English?(54)Eating vegetables is good _health(健康).(55)We want two good musicians_our rock band.(56)Please call Bill _790-4230. (57)We need help_our Beidaihe School Trip.(58)That little girl needs some bread _breakfast.(59)Then you can be _our school music festival.(60)What time is it _ your watch?(61) Last night I arrived _ Hangzhou railway station.(62)He eats breakfast _noon=He eats breakfast _the middle of the day(63)Mike always takes the number 3 bus_the park.(64)He likes brushing his teeth_dinner.(65)He is busy_the housework every Saturday.=He is busy doing the housework every Saturday(66)His mother is strict _him _his English studies.(67)The movie is boring and he is tired _it. (68)You can ask your English teacher _that question.(69)_ Childrens Day, all the children are very happy.( 70 ) Come and see _yourself _Huaxing Clothes Store.2.單項(xiàng)選擇（1）_ the photo _your family. A Thank of , for B Thanks for ,of C Thank you , of D Thanks of for（2） Its an action movie,and Jet Li is _the movie. A at B in C with D for（3）He is kind _ me. A. onB. to C. fromD. with（4）I have breakfast _ 6:30 every morning. A. at aroundB. around atC. in around D. around in【課后作業(yè)】1. 用介詞填空。1._the theatre2. _ Beijing3. _ the cinema 4._ the farm 5._ school6. _ home 7._ the park 8. _ the library 9. _ the stadium10. _ 1994 11._ November 12._ 15:0013._ Sunday morning 14._ 6:30 15. _ Monday 16._ January 17. _ May, 1 18._ my birthday19. _ weekend 20._May, 1, 2006 21._ the playground 22._my birthday party 二. 選擇最佳答案。1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on4.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till5. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. inD. for6. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for7. The supermarket is still open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /8. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 9. Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in10._ New Years Eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. At B. On C. For D. In11. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /12. He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A. in B. at C. on D. of 13. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides14. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at15. Do you often listen _the program _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on