精讀課后詞語辨析

1.sex;sexual;sexy;sexistsex 一般用它的名詞形式，意”性，性別，性行為等“sexual 性的，性別的，性行為的sexy 性感的，迷人的，色情的sexist n.性別歧視者，男性至上主義者 adj.性別歧視者的 2.disinterested;uninteresteddisinterested 無私欲的；廉潔的；公平的uninterested 不感興趣的，不關(guān)心的，淡漠的，（財(cái)產(chǎn)方面）無利害關(guān)系的3.literal;literary;literateliteral 文字上的；字面的；完全按原文的literary 文學(xué)的literate 有文化的4.區(qū)別“bulge;protrude;stick;jut;swell” Bulge 指由于內(nèi)部原因或填充物引起的膨脹，如“鼓鼓的肚子，鼓鼓的袋子”等 Protrude 指一個(gè)整體平面上突出的部分，帶有一種畸形的暗示，如突出的額頭等 Stick 指A物體伸出B物體之外，如把手伸出河面，釘子伸出椅子等 Jut 指因構(gòu)造或位置等原因使物體的一部分凸出或伸出某平面之上（即從某物的一側(cè)伸出或突出），如陽臺(tái)在花園上方凸出來 Swell 指因膨脹或腫脹而隆起或突出，像（病理學(xué)）腫脹；（海洋）漲潮；（泉水、淚）涌出；（風(fēng)帆）鼓起；（山峰）鼓起等,5.slip;slide;glide Slip 指意外而不由自主的滑動(dòng)，無法控制的滑動(dòng)；偷偷地溜走 Slide 在一個(gè)光滑的表面持續(xù)的滑動(dòng)；有意識(shí)的滑動(dòng) Glide 指自如的，沒有阻力的滑行（比較書面化，多用于文學(xué)作品中）,glide 可以像slide那樣持續(xù)地滑，但不一定像slide那樣以面接觸進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)。鳥在天空中翱翔，小船在水面蕩漾，都可以用glide表示。此外，諸如自行車順著下坡路面自行滑動(dòng)，和即將到站的火車靠其慣性作自行滑動(dòng)，也可以用glide表示。 6.reputation ;prestige Reputation “名望，名聲”，可用于人，也可用于物，可指好的名聲，也可指壞的名聲。Prestige “聲望，威望“，指在社會(huì)上有很高的聲望，語氣比reputation強(qiáng)，而且有威信的意思，reputation沒有。7.breast chest bosombreast:the top part of the front of your body below you neck胸部 胸脯 乳房 breast cancer 乳腺癌 breast milk 母乳 chicken breast 雞胸 lChest: the top part of the front of the body,between the neck and the stomach胸部 胸膛 肋骨所包含的部分（大箱子） lBosom: a womans breast or chest（文學(xué)用詞）特質(zhì)女性的胸部；也可 比喻“胸襟，懷抱” the bosom of sth 在.的懷抱中 adj.知心的 親密的 bosom friend/buddy 密友;知己eg.She put the baby to her breast. She cradled the child against her breast. The bullet hit him in the chest. Lily gasped for breath, her chest heaving. She pressed him to her bosom. Its so warm to live in the bosom of the family.8.rim edge brim border vergerim: the edge of sth in the shape of circle（圓形物體的）邊沿 the metal edge of a wheel 輪圈 edge: the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area邊；邊 緣；邊線 brim: the top edge of a cup,bowl,glass,etc（杯，碗等的）口；邊 沿 brim over 盛滿；溢滿 l border: the limit that divides two countries or areas國界；邊界； 邊疆 l verge: (小草地；綠地）臨近. on/to the verge of sth/of doing sth瀕于；接近于eg.He looked at them over the rim of his glass.Dont put that glass so near the edge of the table. These two wine glasses are filled to the brim.Its difficult to define the border between love and friendship. She was on the verge of tears. 9.swear curse abuseto swear: to use rude or offensive language（用神或圣物加以）咒 罵；詛咒；罵街 to make a serious promise to do sth發(fā)誓；承諾 l to curse: （任何形式的）咒罵；褻瀆；詛咒（神靈） lto abuse:to make rude remarks to/about sb（一般意義上的）辱罵； 詆毀；虐待 to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly濫用；妄 用eg.She felled over and swore loudly. He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.She cursed her bad luck. He cursed himself for his stupidity. He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.10.Jump,leap,skip,springJump(v.)-“跳”，“躍”。普通用語。泛指從地面跳起，或從一平面跳下。Leap(v.)-“跳起”，“跳躍”。指連跑帶跳，有姿勢(shì)輕快活潑和優(yōu)美之意。是書面語。Skip(v.)-“跳”，“躍”。指輕快靈巧的跳躍，比如孩子們或小動(dòng)物的歡蹦亂跳。Spring(v.)-“跳”，“躍”。指有力和有彈性的突然跳躍。例:They jumped for joy when they heard the news.他們聽到這消息，高興得跳了起來。It is dangerous to jump off a moving train.火車在行駛時(shí)跳下來是很危險(xiǎn)的。They leaped lightly over the stream.他們輕捷地跳過了小溪。The young deer were leaping about in the meadow.小鹿在草地上到處跳躍。Girls like to skip rope.女孩喜歡跳繩。Lamps like to skip across the meadow.小羊喜歡在草地上歡蹦亂跳。A boy sprang from his seat.一個(gè)男孩突然從座位上跳了起來。He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.聽到警鈴響，他從床上跳下來。12.Scrape rub scatchScrape:“刮”“擦”,指用有鋒刃的工具從物體的表面刮某物,常強(qiáng)調(diào)其目的,如擦掉污漬、漆皮、使之剝落或光滑等。還表示發(fā)出特別的、令人不適的聲音。引申可表示“勉強(qiáng)通過”He bent over to scrape some dirt off his shoes.他彎腰刮掉鞋子上的塵土。Scratch:“搔”“抓”,多指用帶光(而非帶刃)的東西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮線或穿孔。動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者多沒有明確的目的,而動(dòng)作的承受者多受到一定程度的損害。引申可表示“刮傷”“勾掉”“刻畫”“艱難地謀生”“退出比賽”等。 eg.You can clean the scratch w