初中英語(yǔ)各種時(shí)態(tài).doc

一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays, 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形 （如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont, 如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.編輯本段二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were +not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy.編輯本段三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+be +not +doing+其他5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.編輯本段四、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were + not +doing+其他5.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)） 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.編輯本段五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+have/has + not +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。 6.例句：Ive written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.編輯本段六、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+had + not +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ had+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+ had+ not+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句編輯本段七、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are not going to do ；主語(yǔ)+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.編輯本段八、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day (morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語(yǔ)+would/should + do+其他4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were/not + going to + do; 主語(yǔ)+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there .編輯本段九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)1.概念：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the time of; by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（將來(lái)）;by the time+從句（將來(lái)）3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其他 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.編輯本段十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開(kāi)始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has +been +doing+其他3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段等。4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.編輯本段十一、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從以來(lái)有時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.編輯本段十二、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.編輯本段十三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理句中常用 often，usually，every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：He goes to school every day(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)He is very happy(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))The earth moves around the sun(真理)2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)例如：If you come this afternoon，we ll have a meetingWhen I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.3)有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如 begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等例如：The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如 be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例如：I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題，小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法l)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作He saw Mr Wang yesterday.He worked in a factory in 19862）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“used to”和“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意；used to表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。另外？“to be used to +名詞（動(dòng)句詞）“表示”習(xí)慣于。例如I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其表達(dá)形式除了“ will或 shall十動(dòng)詞原形”外，還有以下幾種形式l)“ to be going to十動(dòng)詞原形”，表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事例如：It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today2) go，come，start，move，sail，leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作例如:Im leaving for Beijing.3)“be to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)例如：Are we to go on with this work?The boy is to go to school tomorrow4)“ be about to十動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：We are about to leave5)某些詞，如 come，go，leave，arrive，start等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái).The meeting starts at five oclock.He is leaving tomorrow4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“ to be十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，另外“系動(dòng)詞十介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義例如：What are you doing?The bridge is under construction2)表示感覺(jué)，愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如 have，be，hear，see，like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法l)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“ was(were)十現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成例如:In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“ have十過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成其使用有兩種情況：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例如He has gone to Fuzhou. (說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他不在該地)He has been to Fuzhou(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他在該地)2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用for和 since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far，now，today, this week( month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)問(wèn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。例如:He has studied English for 5 yearsHe has studied English since 1985Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如 come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for，since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homeworkIf it has stopped snowing in the morning，well go to the park.7過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法l)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“ had十過(guò)去分