全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士統(tǒng)一考試2004.doc

2004patr II vocabulary(10%)31.All the characters in the play are_A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虛構(gòu)的C.imaginative adj. 富于想象力的D.imagining32.The judge _ all the charges against SmithA.dismissed dismiss a charge駁回指控B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削減(人員)不予考慮eliminate the false and retain the true去偽存真C.refusedvt.拒絕, 謝絕n.廢物, 垃圾D.discardedinto the discard成為無(wú)用之物; 被遺忘throw sth. into the discard放棄某事33.The actress _ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起訴 by the producer制片人.A.ignored(因證據(jù)不足而)駁回訴訟B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批準(zhǔn)憲法修正案C.drafted vt.起草D.violated違犯,;擾亂;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨礙睡眠violate sb.s privacy侵?jǐn)_某人的安靜; 闖入私室34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_with inquires from anxious applicants.A.annoyedB.thrilledv.發(fā)抖C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躪v.踐踏, 踩壞, 輕視 D.reproached v.責(zé)備35.When the former President_her candidacy候選資格,she had a good chance of being elected.A.enforced強(qiáng)迫, 執(zhí)行, 堅(jiān)持, 加強(qiáng)B.endorsed v.在(票據(jù))背面簽名, 簽注(文件), 認(rèn)可, 簽署C.follow up v.窮追, 把.探究到底, 用繼續(xù)行動(dòng)來(lái)加強(qiáng)效果D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推舉出36.The countrys highest medal was _upon him for heroism.A.earnedB.bestowed給與, 授, 贈(zèng), 賜(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到這些贊揚(yáng)。C.creditedcredit .to.把.歸功于credit sb. with認(rèn)為某人某事具有.credit sth. with把.歸因于某人某事D.granted37.The local government leaders are making every effort to _the problem of poverty.A.tackleB.taperv.逐漸變細(xì), 逐漸減少The organization tapered off in about half a year.那個(gè)組織大約半年內(nèi)就逐漸消失了C.suppressD.tangle38.At the party we found that the shy girl _her mother all the timeA.harmonizing with v.協(xié)調(diào)B.clinging to依附, 依靠, 堅(jiān)持C.depending onD.adjusting to適應(yīng), 調(diào)節(jié).39.We managed to reach the top of the mountain,and half an hour later we began to_A.declineB.ascend ascend to升至; 追溯(到.時(shí)間) C.descend descend from從.下來(lái)是.的后裔, 源于descend upon/on突然拜訪某人D.plunge40.Losing the job was bad,but even worse was the feeling that I had_my dear wife and childA.let alone停止, 中止, 放松B.let down放下, 使失望, 辜負(fù), 松勁, 減速下降C.let off放出, 饒恕, 準(zhǔn)許.暫停工作D.let up停止, 中止, 放松section B41.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increase. elevation n.上升,海拔, 提高, A.altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度,B.aptitude n.恰當(dāng), 智能, 聰明, 自然傾向C.latitude n.緯度, 范圍, (用復(fù)數(shù))地區(qū), 行動(dòng)或言論的自由(范圍)D.longitude n.經(jīng)度, 經(jīng)線42.She was wo stubborn that she wouldnt change her opinions.A.unwilling B.talented C.obstinate D.determined43.On Christmas Eve ,she spent two hours decorating the room with flower chains. A.modifying B.ornamenting裝飾, 修飾;C.disposing vt.布置; furniture in its proper order將家具布置在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?使易患(某病);Getting your feet wet s you to catching cold.把腳弄濕使你容易傷風(fēng).D.packing包裝, 捆扎, 塞滿Adorn vt.裝飾；修飾; embellishment裝飾,潤(rùn)色,修飾decorate裝飾bedeck vt. with裝飾;be ed with flowers (jewels, flags)用花(珠寶，旗子)裝飾.44.Nobody can stand for long agony of a sever toothache. 極大的痛苦A.sufferance 寬容；默許；容忍；忍受;It is beyond .這無(wú)法忍受. B.suppuration化膿C.plague n.瘟疫, 麻煩, 災(zāi)禍; v.折磨, 使苦惱D.torment痛苦；苦痛;suffering痛苦,災(zāi)害,損害,痛苦的torture劇痛45.When we recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged.A.enlighted授與知識(shí), 啟發(fā), 啟蒙B.calmedC.provoked激怒, 惹起, 驅(qū)使stir up/arouseD.moved感動(dòng)；鼓動(dòng)46.Only native-born citizens are eligible for the US.presidency. legible a.清晰的, 易讀的legal法律的, 合法的eligible常與 for 連用有被選資格的;be for promotion(membership)in a society在協(xié)會(huì)里有資格提升(當(dāng)會(huì)員).A.obliged B.intelligibleC.competent指人有能力的；能勝任的;be in ones work能勝任工作.be to do sth有能力做某事.D.qualified47.Tomorrows match has been called off because of the foul weather壞天氣A.preventedB.delayedC.cancelledD.forbidden48.Losing his job was a financial catastrophe for his familyA.calamityB.accident事故,意外傷害,偶然事件C.frustration挫折,失意D.depression ,抑郁(癥),阻抑,壓低,抑郁,49.Children were expected to be obedient and contribute to the well-being of the family.A.B.C.D.A.smartB.efficient效率高的; methods of teaching有效的教學(xué)方法. Proficient a.熟練的，精通的，有水平的;be in driving (a car)開(kāi)車熟練.C.painstaking辛苦的, 勤勉的, 小心的be with ones work辛勤地工作，苦干.D.submissive服從的, 順從的, 柔順的50.While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family,others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline lament v.哀悼, 悔恨, 悲嘆A.mournB.delightC.prosecute v.進(jìn)行, 實(shí)行, 起訴accuse charge with sueD.condemn判刑, 責(zé)備, 處刑, 譴責(zé)denounce rebuke convict sb of sth證明有罪(錯(cuò)誤)； sb of his errors證明某人有錯(cuò)誤. sb of theft宣告某人有盜竊罪.be ed of sin確信有罪.part IVpassage one Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans,the interchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relay his or her feelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,body contact,body odors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habits attitudes,interests,state of health ,dress and grooming修飾,choice if life-style,and use of talentsin fact,through everything the individual says or does. In turn,every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five sense and personal biorhythm生物節(jié)律 system. An individual screens,selects,regulates,and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices.Some of these choices are automatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awarness,priority of need,and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off切斷from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans.His or her mind is confused,and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts,need,and emotions,and that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand.Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems,he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others.The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others設(shè)想某人懷有和自己 一樣的恐懼和幻想,so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay,the messages received are threatening ones. project sth. onto sb.以己之心度人之腹 The cause of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the persons processing of information.Sometimes a block is physical,as in deafness,mental retardation智力遲鈍,brain tumor ,or hardening of the cerebral arteries動(dòng)脈硬化.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a persons emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings.They usually occur in childhood before good communicatives skills are learned,and they are connected to individual symbolism.Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening,it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual.Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways,he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.61.The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communicationA.is characterized by two features,form and meaningB.is mainly conducted through speech and writingC.is of two fuctions,stimulation and responseD.takes two forms,verbal and nonerbal62.In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with_A.communicative abilityB.external and internal messagesC.information and mental processingD.conscious and subconscious awareness63.Shut off from the communicative flow,the person with a behavior disorder_A.is unable to focus attention on internal problemsB.is isolated in internal problemsC.relays threatening messagesD.all of the above64.Which of the following is universal according to the passage?A.Nerual blocksB.physical blocksC.cerebral blocksD.emotional blocks65.The passage ends with_A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorderB.the importance of acquiring good communicative skillsC.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocksD.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhoodpassage 2 Despression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative. Although everyone experiences “the blues” 憂郁, 沮喪or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well,when everything seems to be an effort,and when efforts lead to frustration,these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talking with friends,some fun/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues.But when the low spirits persist,or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation得意洋洋到悲哀,when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person,when relatives of friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continuous to withdraw,then the person is depressed.be in the blues; fall in the blues 情緒低落feel blue感到無(wú)精打采give sb. the blues使某人情緒低落have the blues郁郁不樂(lè)look blue神色沮喪; 臉色發(fā)青, Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances.Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb,is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes九死一生 from death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing 無(wú)人性的environment（such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany）,has had an overwhelming無(wú)法抵抗的series of stressful setbacks挫折,or has experienced the death of several family members within a shor time is expected to be depressed. However,there are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance (身心等方面的)障礙, 失調(diào) in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless.Such image典型 is usually the result of the psychosocical conditioning條件作用 of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love,care,and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring恢復(fù) natural inner內(nèi)心的 confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships. The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in life.His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind.Depression is often cyclical,and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的irresponsibility. Although it often takes years of psychotherapy for the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his or her problems,acceptance by another will get through to 使.了解even the most deeply depressed person if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-fact hopefulness on the part of those around the depressed person can reassure him or her of eventual recovery.The disturbed thoughts of the depressed person cannot be forgotten until they are replaced by other thoughts.Yet,in depression,the person does not see that he or she has choices about what thoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs to explore alternatives for thoughts and actions and learn to care for himself or herself enough to modify his or her own behavior.66.Unlike others,according to the passage,a depressed person_A.is likely to recover in a short period of timeB.does not reveal any underlying causingC.is characteristic of self-hatredD.tends to stay with“the blues”67.From a serious and painful illness to the death of several family members,the author is trying to tell us that _A.depressions can potentially be detrimental to mental healthB.the severity of depression varies with individualsC.depressions are overwhelming prevailingD.depressions are sometimes inescapable不可避免的68.Those who present no reason to be depressed,according to the passage_A.need protect their self-imagesB.need a parental role model at homeC.can be helped psychologically to be usueful and need personsD.can be helped to restore their trusting relationships with their parents69.The author implies that what the depressed person needs most is _A.sincerity B.acceptanceC.reassuranceD.all of above70.Under psychotherapy,the depressed person is encouaged_A.to free his or her mind of any thoughtB.to find substitutes for the disturbed thoughtsC.to reassure himself or herself of early recoveryD.to explore as many therapeutic approaches as possible.Passage 3 Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit for more than a month,far longer than anyone would have predicted,sustained only on pain medications and Popsicles. Late March in Chicago is only technically spring.Most of the time it is still cold and overcast.However,this day was warm,60 degrees and sunny.It was a Saturday and we planned to go outside after I finished rounds.I found Seana back on the unit sitting in her wheelchair,IV pole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospital gown.Her sister-in-law and Carla,her nurses aide,wer ready to go.Everyone was in a great mood. We went down the elevator,into the brightly sunlit outdoors,and onto the driveway by the womens hospital.Though the initial idea was to just sit in the sun a bit,we were drawn toward the sidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside the hospital,and the smell of cigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.It seemed horrible to come out here,to have that smell be the first thing to greet Seana.Simultaneous with that thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smell was so wonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonalds.I was thinking,she really does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk and watched a father pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity between grnerations was moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration靈感came:we could make it to Lake Michigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Did everyone want to try?Of course we did!Carla said that it felt like we were cutting school.So off we went ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite a motley sight:Seana looking like death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearing my gray hospital coat,the nurses aede in an outrageous green leather coat,her sister-in-law in an Ohio State sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walked up the road to the beach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping in the spring mud.Seana didnt say much,but she seemed translucent in the sun,beaming,lit from within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.I can only fathom 看穿 the poignant可憐的 wealth of feelings that were stimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,where everything seems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I had experienced this same lakefront that way three years before.Then,I had just recovered from my own near death in the form of a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞 and cardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude感恩；感謝to sb,for sth; that I was still here.The world looked new.I had been Seanas age.She taught me that awareness of death and appreciation of life go together:to imagine that you are seeing things for the last tome has the same intensity as seeing them for the first.71.Upon finishing rounds,the author_A.joined Seana for an outing B.went to the inpatient hospice unit臨終關(guān)懷病區(qū)C.managed to get a wheelchair for SeanaD.found the prrfect weather for a stroll with Seana72.We can infer that the smell of smoke made the author feel that _A.it was a wrong idea to smoke outside of the hospitalB.the sidewlk was a wuong place for smoking C.it had been the right plan to go outD.Seans was at a wrong place73.Outside the hospital,Seana enjoyed everything including_A.the fast food at McDonaldsB.the smell of smokeC.the generation gapD.all of the above74.The author would say that Seana being wheeled in the sun_A.was fascinated by the teams motley sightB.imagined her farewell tour of the worldC.was emotionally aroused from withinD.was fond of appreciating nature75.During the outing,the author perceived Seanss appreciation of life_A.in her hope of recveryB.in her awareness of deathC.in seeing things for the first timeD.in bing a tourist at the lakefrontPassage 4Two equally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific prganization.One is white,the other black.Does the color of their skin matter?Most scientists will already be screaming a resounding響亮的 “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work,not their pigmentation染色.Sceince is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun避開(kāi) both racial discrimination and affirmative action. Well,lits think about this.If science really is so meritocratic,where are all the black Nobel prize winners and fellows of the Royal Society?The black chairs of government scientific panels?The black Richard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europes largest 100 companies it was shocked to unearth發(fā)掘, only six board members of non-European racial origin.One shudders to think what a similar survey of the upper echelons of European science would reveal.Even the usually stick-in-the-mud保守的; 頑固的 British government now acknowledges there is a problem .Last month it promised new funding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in science education in schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcome nonetheless.Despite starting school as the top achievers,black British children have long underperformed in science.And there are positive changes afoot h