小升初知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc

小升初知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用usually通常,often常常,every每,sometimes有時(shí)，always總是，等詞表示。（2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：分為兩類：三單形式和非三單的形式?？隙ň銱e/She/It三單形式+動(dòng)詞s/esEg:HeoftenwatchesTVafterschool.I/You/We/They非三單形式+動(dòng)詞原形Eg:TheyplayfootballFriday.否定句三單里含有doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形，Eg:HedoesntwatchTVafterschool.非三單里含有dont+動(dòng)詞原形Eg:TheydontplayfootballFriday.一般疑問句三單：Does+動(dòng)詞原形?Yes,does./No,doesnt.非三單：Do+動(dòng)詞原形?Yes,do./No,theydont.特殊疑問句三單：Whatdoeshe/she/it?Howdoeshe/she/it?非三單Whatdoyou/they?Howdoyou/they?(3)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式（同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同）1一般情況+s如：walk-walks2.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y+iesfly-flies3.結(jié)尾是s,x，sh,ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does,have-has,go-goes小練筆：1.David_(clean)thewindowseveryFriday.2.Myparentsusually_(watch)TVintheevening.3._SuHaiandSuYang_(do)theirhomeworkeveryevening.?4.What(do)WangBingusuallydoafterschool?Heusually_(go)homeand_(draw)somepictures.二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),（1）表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用now,look，listen，等詞表示。（2）基本形式：肯定句：be+動(dòng)詞ingEg:Iamdoingmyhomework.You/We/Theyarereading.He/She/Itiseating.否定句：be動(dòng)詞后面加notEg:Heisnotdoingmyhomework.疑問句：be動(dòng)詞提前Eg:Ishereading?Aretheysweepingthefloor?（3）動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式（動(dòng)詞+ing）一般情況直接+ingwalkwalking結(jié)尾是e的，要去e+ingcomecoming，dance-dancing有些單詞雙寫尾字母+ingrun-running，sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting小練筆：1.Mysister_(read)anewpapernow.2.Listen!Whatthey(do)now?They_(sing).3.Look,I_(play)theviolin.三.一般過去時(shí)（1）表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用lastweek,lastnight,last,justnow,amomentago,twoweeksago,ago,yesterday等詞。（2）過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句動(dòng)詞過去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句didnt+動(dòng)詞原形Ididntgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑問句Did+動(dòng)詞原形?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑問句Whatdid+動(dòng)詞原形?Whatdidyoudolastnight?（3）詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：一般動(dòng)詞+edplanted,watered,climbed以e結(jié)尾的直接+dliked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+iedstudystudied,cry-cried有些要雙寫尾字母+edstopstopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式am/iswasarewerehave-hadgo-wentdo-didget-gotsit-satsee-sawrun-raneat-atesleep-sleptsay-saidgive-gavemake-madering-rangwrite-wrotefly-flewcome-camedraw-drewtelltoldknow-knew小練筆：1.I(have)abirthdaypartylastweek2.We(donot)watchTVlastnight.3.What_you_(do)yesyerday?I_(milk)cows.四、a.an.the的用法(1)單詞的第一個(gè)讀音是元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)或者讀音的用an,不是元音字母的用a：Eg:anegg,anEnglishlesson,apineapple,ahamburger.(2).the的用法：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。第二次提到一件實(shí)物要用the.Eg:playtheguitar,playvolleyball,thefirstofMay,Thisisanapple,theappleisonthedesk.小練筆：1.Thisis_interestinglesson.2.Ioftenplay_piano,sometimesIplay_basketball.3.Thisis_firstdayofthenewterm.4.Thatis_elephanttoy,_toyisverylovely.五.介詞的用法（1）at的用法:幾點(diǎn)前面用at如：atsixoclock,沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如：atChristmas,固定詞組attheweekends，atnight，attheparty，lookat,athome,atschool等。（2）on的用法:星期幾前用on如：onMonday，日期前用on如：onthe15thofJuly帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on如：onNationalDay,固定詞組onduty,onthewall,turnon,geton等。（3）in的用法:早晨，中午，晚上前用in：inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，月份前用in.穿什么衣服用in,如：theboyinthewhiteshirt，固定詞組inthetree，inEnglish等。(4)其他介詞的固定搭配：turnoff(關(guān)電器)，takeoff(脫下)，thegirlwithbigeyes(有著大眼睛的女孩，五官前用with),playwith(和.玩.),listento,dressupincostumes,giveto,taketo,askto,showto小練筆：1.Peopledressupincostumes_Easter.Its_the31stofOctober.Its_October.2.Pleaselooktheblackboard.Dontlistentheteacher.3.Wegotoschoolseven.Showthesepicturesourteacher.六.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。助動(dòng)詞有：do(does,did)這些詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）小練筆：1.Itmeansyoushouldnt_here.(smoking)2.Thegirlcan_(dancing)beautifully.3.Didyou_(watch)themoonlastMidAutumnFestival?七.人稱代詞主格Iweyouhesheitthey用在句首賓格meusyouhimheritthem用在句尾和動(dòng)詞后面形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir后面要加名詞名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheris后面不要加名詞小練筆：1.Tom,wheres bike?Isthisblackbike ?No,itisnt . (my,mine,your,yours)2.Can help ?Yes, can.(her,she,I,you)3.Whereis_ photo?Isthatyours?No,thatsnot _.(I)八、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)就是thereis,thereare,意思是“有”(1)肯定句：Thereis+單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)注：如果有,里面既有單數(shù)又有復(fù)數(shù)，要遵循就近原則，看靠therebe最近的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)用thereis，復(fù)數(shù)用thereare.如：Thereisapenandsomepencils.Therearesomepencilsandapen.(2).一般疑問句（有嗎？）:Isthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.Arethere?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.4.否定句（沒有）：Thereisnta.Therearentany.注：some用在肯定句中，any用在否定句和疑問句中小練筆：1.There_somewaterinthebottle.2.Therearent_pencils.Herearesomepencilsforyou.3.There_twopies,ahamburgerandsomejuiceonthedesk.九like,和wouldlike的用法-后面跟名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)如：likepandas,likebuses(1)Like-后面跟動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞ing形式如：likeswimming-加名詞直接加如：Wouldyoulikeapie?Yes,please./No,thanks.(2)wouldlike-加動(dòng)詞要用to如：Iwouldliketobuysomemasks.Yes,Idliketo./No,Iwouldntliketo.小練筆：1.Theboylikes_.(toyandpie)2.Myfatherlikes_.(playfootball)3.Wouldyoulike_(go)tomybirthdayparty.十祈使句肯定句：Sitdownplease.Letsgotothepark.回答一般是：Allright.否定句直接在前面加Dont：Dontsitdown,please.回答也是：Allright.（注：祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形）小練筆：1.Lets_(dance)together.2._climbthetree.(not)十一.字母的大小寫（1）一般來說句子首字母要大寫，其他字母都是小寫。（2）一些特定的單詞首字母也要大寫。星期：Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.月份：January,February節(jié)日：SpringFestival,MayDay.人名：Helen,Nancy,Jim.表示國名、某國人、某種語言的單詞：America,English.地名：Nanjing,Shanghai,ChunjiangPrimarySchool專有名詞：Walkman,theGreatWall,I小練筆:抄寫下列句子并加上合適的標(biāo)點(diǎn)1.DOYOUEANTTOGOTOBEIJINGONNATIONALDAY._2.MYBIRTHDAYISONTHESECONDOFAPRIL._3.HELENANDJIMWENTTOTHEGREATWALLLASTSUNDAY._4.iamfromshanghai,mikeisfromEngland._5.wouldyoulikeawalkmanasyourbirthdaypresent._十二、特殊疑問句與一般疑問句（1）一般疑問句一般以這些詞開頭：is,are,am,do,does,did,cancant.回答都是Yes./No,后面加上疑問句前兩個(gè)單詞的顛倒。如：Doeshehaveanyhobbies?Yes,hedoes.Canyouplaytheguitar?No,Icant.(2)特殊疑問句的回答是以疑問代詞問的內(nèi)容來定的Whatisthat?Itsabook.問什么東西，以東西-書來回答hosshe?ShesNancy.問誰以人名來回答Whattime（時(shí)間）When(什么時(shí)候)Which（哪一個(gè)）Whose（誰的）Where（哪里）Howmany（多少）Howold（幾歲）Howmuch（多少錢）How（怎么樣去）十三.Be動(dòng)詞的用法：(1)Am-wasIs-wasAre-were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，復(fù)數(shù)全用are。(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.(3)一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youarent.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisnt.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1.I_aboy._youaboy?No,I_not.2.Thegirl_Jackssister.3._yourbrotherintheclassroom?專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_?(you)2.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_?(she)3.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)4.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)5.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it)6.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they)6.What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.12.