中考時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié).docx

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況。知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)1）下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語(yǔ)氣委婉禮貌。 （1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would，例如：Could you lend me your bike?4）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.注意比較下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth “到時(shí)間了；該了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺(jué)了。 It is time sb. did sth. “時(shí)間已遲了；早該了”，例如： It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“寧愿某人做某事”，例如： Id rather you came tomorrow.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。 a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。be going to / will的用法之比較： 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來(lái)，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比較：be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）概念：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.型例題1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 六.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1. 用法：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù) E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 havehas+過(guò)去分詞3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑問(wèn)句 Has he finished the work?否定句 He has not finished the work. 兩回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)九詞語(yǔ)already已經(jīng) 肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問(wèn)句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never從不 句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前為止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?(2)兩詞組havegone to去了某地 e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去過(guò)某地 e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去過(guò)北京)(3)兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時(shí)間 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過(guò)去點(diǎn)時(shí)間Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子He has been in China since he came here.(4).如果句子里面沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)嗎？(5).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在過(guò)去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹(shù)。 This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最好的一本書(shū)。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。5.在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種： He has bought the book. (去掉一段時(shí)間for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改為固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改為否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have代替buy）6. 還有其他一次性動(dòng)詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（錯(cuò)） 改為：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯(cuò)） 改為：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯(cuò)) 改為：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(錯(cuò)) 改為：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(錯(cuò)) 改為：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯(cuò)） 改為：I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（錯(cuò)） 改為：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯(cuò)） 改為：I have kept the book for 3 years.還有其它的歸納如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost 7. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示的動(dòng)作是能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。e.g.：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live終止性動(dòng)詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，一次性動(dòng)詞。表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動(dòng)作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。e.g.：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 終止性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has died for three days. （錯(cuò)，終止性動(dòng)詞die不能和一段時(shí)間for three days連用）7 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：由 had+ 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。用法有二：過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：即過(guò)去的過(guò)去 e.g.:：When we got to the station, the train had left. 當(dāng)我到車(chē)站的時(shí)候，火車(chē)已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上個(gè)星期尾為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個(gè)單過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) e.g.:：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.他說(shuō)自從他來(lái)中國(guó)，他已經(jīng)交了幾個(gè)朋友。 1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont makeD. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swumC. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB. were to playC. had played D. played10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go andB. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you putting; put14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had leftD. had worked; left21.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 考點(diǎn)掌握六大時(shí)態(tài)以及對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成、用法2. 知識(shí)講解時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞三單或原形用法：a.現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、長(zhǎng)期存在的特征或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：表示頻率的副詞always, often, usually, sometimes等；表示頻率的詞組 once a year, twice a month, three times a year等；on Sundays, on Monday afternoons, every day, every morning, every year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。b.普遍真理、客觀事實(shí)。c.條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)。同步練習(xí)1. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone in need.A. gives B. give C. gave D. giving 2.Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing.A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive 3. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she_back.A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 4.Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A. arrives B. arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive 5.In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it _ in theevening. A. rains Bdoesnt rain Cwill rain Dwont rain 答案ABBAB一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式用法：a.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：last night, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday evening, just now, “段時(shí)間+ago”, once upon a time，the other day, in 1990, at that time, this morning等。副詞often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc.b.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（過(guò)去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth. 來(lái)表示）c.在語(yǔ)境中，表示“剛才，在過(guò)去”,暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”Look at the sign. “No smoking”-Sorry, I didnt see it.同步練習(xí)1.Where were you last Saturday?I _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been 2. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went 3. Lucy _ a student last year, but now she _ a teacher. A. is; is B. was；is C. was；will be D. is；was 4.The old man _ in Shanghai, but he _ in Haikou now.Abe born; live Bwas born ；live Cis born; lives Dwas born; lives 5. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone. A.used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to 答案CDBDA一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：will/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形用法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year.),soon,the day after tomorrow(后天）in the future（將來(lái)），in+一段時(shí)間等。a.will+動(dòng)詞原形（注意：a. 當(dāng)句中主語(yǔ)是I或者we時(shí)，一般用shall,表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn))說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做的決定；固有屬性，必然趨勢(shì)b.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形, 表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事；表示根據(jù)已有跡象對(duì)將來(lái)的推斷。c.某些詞，如： arrive，borrow，come，fly，go，leave，move，start，stay，stop，take off等瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好的要做的事情。We are leaving for Shanghai.同步練習(xí)1. We are glad to hear that the greens _ to a new flat next week.A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved 2. Put your hands behind your back. dont speak. We _ in ten minutes.A. back B. will be back C. are back D. are back to you 3. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party.A.wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear 4. When _ you _ reading Jane Eyre?Its hard to say. Im busy recently.A. did; finish B. have; finished C. will; finish D. do; finish 5. If it _ this Saturday, we _ for a picnic.A. wont rain; shall go B. doesnt rain; will go C. isnt rain; go D. doesnt rain; go 6.Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice _?”A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play 答案CBDCBD現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+doing 用法：表示此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話此刻不一定進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at the moment, these days或者句中含有l(wèi)ook, listen, can/cant you see之類的暗示詞。同步練習(xí)1. Wheres Tom? His mother him now. A. is looking for B. will look for C. has looked for D. Looks for 2. Look! The boys _ football on the playground. A. plays B. play C. are playing D. played 3.Whats the weather like?Oh, it _ outside. Take an umbrella with you.A. rains B. is raining C. was raining D. rained 4.You cant use the bathroom right now. Robbie _ a shower.A. takes B. will take C. is taking 答案ACBC過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：was/were+doing用法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, las