2017高考英語閱讀理解七選五解題技巧

第 1 頁 共 13 頁 高中英語閱讀理解七選五解題技巧 七選五閱讀理解的題目常常出現(xiàn)在以下幾點 一是描述性結構 主要介紹事物 問題或傾向的特點 因此時間 地點常是出題重點 記敘文 二是釋意性結果 解釋某一理論 學科 事物 主要用比喻 類比闡述 說明文 三是比較性結 構 把兩個人或事物的功能 特點 優(yōu)缺點進行對比 議論文 四是原因性結 構 主要分析事物的成因 有客觀的 主觀的 也有直接的 間接的 說明文 五是駁斥性結構 主要是先介紹一種觀點 然后對其評論或駁斥 再分析其優(yōu) 缺點 危害性 最后闡明自己的觀點 議論文 具體答題步驟如下 步驟一 快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案 先確定哪個選項適 合放在文章的什么位置 通常有三個四個位置 標題 句首 句中 句尾 不 同位置的句子有不同的特征 有時有的答案表述上就是錯誤的 可以直接從備 選項中清除 以降低難度 請從下面幾個備選答案中判斷句子的位置 A Later I received 50 cents an hour B Before long she let me sit there by myself C I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics D Today I still carry that lesson with me I listen to customers E My grandma s trust taught me how to handle responsibility F Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before G Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought 步驟二 快速瀏覽文章 確定文章體裁 抓住文章結構 第 2 頁 共 13 頁 不同的文章有不同的結構形式 確定文章體裁有利于我們確定各段之間的關系 一般說來 記敘文的語言是按時間發(fā)展順序或因果關系排列的 常用的連接詞 有 then later after that soon after a while in the end so as a result beca use of that 等 說明文常采用總 分 總的結構形式 第一段說明要說明的主題 下面幾段多是從不同的角度來說明問題 最后總結 所以各段之間多是平行關 系 經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)舉例說明的現(xiàn)象 議論文先拋出議題 然后從正反兩個方面進行 討論 最后得出結論 新聞體裁的應用文首句為主題句 下面展開細節(jié)性的報 道 確定文章體裁有利于預測文章各段主要內容和結構形式 形成重要的選擇 依據(jù) 步驟三 分析篇章結構 找出各段的主題句或主旨大意 分析文章的層次包含兩種形式 一種是分析整篇文章的層次 也就是段落 說 明文和議論文這樣體裁的文章 每段的第一句多是主題句 找到主題句有助于 幫助確定選擇的范圍 即所選句子必須和該段主題一致 另一種是分析每一個 段落內部的層次 也就是語篇層次 要真正體會句際間的意義關系 把握作者 的思路 從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點 理清層次 步驟四 注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段 尋找句中銜接標志詞 文章的 行文需要通過一定的銜接手段來實現(xiàn) 文章的銜接手段有 重復式用某一詞語 或子范疇的詞語 使用同義語表達 用總稱指代具體事物或用具體事物指代整 體 使用代詞避免重復等 上述方法有助于段落的思路平穩(wěn)在句子之間過渡 連貫使文章的每個段落 每個句子甚至每個短語融為一體 段落一致與句子銜 接是文章連貫的兩個必要因素 步驟五 區(qū)分相似項 第 3 頁 共 13 頁 七選五備選答案中有兩個多余的選項 會對文章中兩個空的選擇構成干擾 這時要特別細致地比對相似選項 方法和答閱讀理解時區(qū)分相似項一樣 步驟 六 用代入法 檢查答案是否合理 將所有選擇答案放回空白處 通讀全文 檢查文章內容是否語義連貫合理 緊 扣主題 語篇結構是否通順連貫 具有一致性 合乎邏輯 寫作思路是否清晰 明了 格式以及用語是否恰當貼切 從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確 習題 一 根據(jù)短文內容 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項 選項中 有兩項為多余選項 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matte r what the future holds 1 Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious 37 Ask kids What ingredients 配料 can we add to make these pancakes even better next time and then tr y them out Did those ingredients make the pancakes better What coul d we try next time 2 Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create somet hing new from it 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them Experimenting 第 4 頁 共 13 頁 with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping th em develop their creativity 3 Personal skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids We know w hat s going on inside our own head but what about others Being abl e to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to f alse conclusions 39 Why do you think she s crying Can you tell how that man is feel ing by looking at his face If someone were to do that to you how wo uld you feel 4 Self Expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music acting drawing building photography You may find that your c hild is attracted by one more than another A Encourage kids to cook with you B And we can t forget science education C We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways D We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories E Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill F So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don t yet exist G Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable sk ill 第 5 頁 共 13 頁 三 Why is setting goals important 51 Instead of just letting life ha ppen to you goals allow you to make your life happen Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals 52 It s like having a map to show you where you want to go Thi nk of it this way There are two drivers One has a destination in mind w hich can be found on a map She can drive straight there surely without any wasted time of wrong turns The other driver has no goal or destin ation or map She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver but she drives aimlessly around never getting anywhere jus t using up gas Which driver do you want to be 53 They decide what they want in life and then get there by m aking plans and setting goals Unsuccessful people usually just let life h appen by accident Goals aren t difficult to set and they aren t difficult t o reach 54 You are the one who must decide what to achieve an d in what direction to aim your life 55 Written goals can be reviewed regularly and have more power Like a contract with yourself they are harder to neglect or forget Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations that will brin g you nearer to your goal A Winners in life set goals and follow them t 第 6 頁 共 13 頁 hrough B Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it C It s up to you to find out what your goals really are D It s difficult for a driver to reach his destination without a map E By setting goals you are taking control of your life F Because goals can help you do be and experience everything you w ant in life G Because everybody should have a goal in his mind 四 Kids health Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time 71 Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone 一 don t solve 解決 much But other ways like talking to someone you trust can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed 1 Get support When you need help reach out to the people who care about you Talk to trusted adult such as parent or other relatives 7 2 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test or the death of a beloved pet 2 Don t take it out on yourself Sometim es when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves Oh dear that s good idea Remember that there are always people to help 第 7 頁 共 13 頁 you Don t take it out on yourself 73 3 Try to solve the problem After you re calm and you have support fro m adults and friends it s time to get down to business 74 Even if you can t solve it all you can solve a piece of it 4 Be positive Most stress is temporary 暫時的 Remember stress does go away especially when you figure out the pro blem and start working on solving it These steps aren t magic but they do work And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a t ough time you ll help yourself feel better even faster 75 A Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation B Not ice your friends feelings and find a way to help them C Different peopl e feel stress in different ways D Ah it feels so good when the stress is g one E You need to figure out what the problem is F And don t forget about your friends G Then find a way to calm down 五 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience there are three main reasons why people don t c ook more often ability money and time 36 Money is a topic I ll s ave for another day So today I want to give you some wisdom about h ow to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen Here are thre e tips for great cooking on a tight schedule 1 Think ahead The momen ts when I think cooking is a pain are when I m 第 8 頁 共 13 頁 already hungry and there s nothing ready to eat So think ahead of the coming week When will you have time to cook Do you have the right materials already 37 2 Make your time worth it When you do find time to cook a meal mak e the most of it and save yourself time later on Are you making one loa f of bread 38 It takes around the same amount of time to make mor e of something So save yourself the effort for future meal 3 39 This may surprise you but one of the best tools for making cook ing worth your time is experimentation It gives you the chance to hit u pon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and sc hedule The more you learn and the more you try the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule Hopefully that gives you a good start 40 And don t let a busy s chedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way yo u eat and live A Try new things B Ability is easily improved C Make three or four instead D Understan d your food better E Cooking is a burden for many people F Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden G A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on 六 Three Apples changed the world The first one seduced 誘惑 第 9 頁 共 13 頁 Eve The second one awakened Newton 1 Here are some famous wor ds from Steve Jobs to share On character I m the only person I know that s lost a quarter of a billion dollars in one year 2 On good design That s been one of my mottos focus and simplicity Simple can be harder than complex You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it s imple But it s worth it in the end because once you get there you can move mountains On his outlook 3 Going to bed at night saying we ve done something wonderful t hat s what matters to me On your working life Your work is going to fill a large part of your life and the only way to b e truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work 4 If you have n t found it yet keep looking Don t settle On the importance of death No one wants to die Even people who want to go to heaven don t want to die to get there 5 No one has ever escaped it And that is as it should be 第 10 頁 共 13 頁 because Death is very likely the single best invention of life It is life s ch ange agent It clears out the old to make way for the new Right now th e new is you but some day not too long from now you will gradually become the old and be cleared away A It s very character building B The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs C This is not a one man show D And the only way to do great work is to love what you do E And y et death is the destination we all share F It s really hard to design products by focus groups G Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn t matter to me 七 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives a nd what they see on TV 1 He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer and what is more he has to apply it on his fe et in the dark and rain running down a street after someone he want s to talk to 2 He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on t housands of forms about hundreds of sad unimportant people who ar 第 11 頁 共 13 頁 e guilty of stupid crimes Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal as soon as h e s arrested the story is over 3 Except in very serious cases like murde rs and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is t he unpleasant pressures first as members of a police force they alw ays have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law 4 They can hardly ever do both Most of the time some of them have to break the r ules in small ways If the detective has to deceive 欺騙 the world the world often deceives him 5 And this separation the d etective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it of citizens social workers doctors law makers and judges who instead of eliminating crime punish the cr iminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform A He can t get any evidence from the witnesses B In real life finding criminal is seldom much of a problem C Little of his time is spent in chatting D Sometimes he can chat with others to relax himself E Second as expensive public servants they have to get results 第 12 頁 共 13 頁 F The first difference is that a policeman s real life revolves round criminal law G Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth 八 Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money 48 So you ma y start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things candy or toys for example The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people tr ade money for goods or services It is important to show your chi