牛津譯林版八年級下冊--8B-現(xiàn)在完成時

1 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 構(gòu)成 Have has 過去分詞過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式 否定式和疑問式 肯定式否定式疑問式 單 數(shù) I have You have worked He She It has I have You have not worked He She It has Have I Have you worked Have he she it 復(fù) 數(shù) We You have worked They We You have not worked They Have we Have you worked Have they 提示 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式和否定式有其縮寫形式 have ve has s 例如 She s worked She has worked I ve not worked I haven t worked 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定疑問句形式為 Have you not worked Have they not worked Has he not worked 其縮寫形式為 Haven t you worked Haven t they worked Hasn t he worked 現(xiàn)在完成時的簡略回答形式為 Yes I have No I have not haven t 用法用法 過去動作產(chǎn)生的影響等過去動作產(chǎn)生的影響等 表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果 在沒有具體時間狀語的情況下 現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示某一行為動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成 而其結(jié)果或影響至今仍然存在 因此 現(xiàn)在完車時這一時態(tài)強調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系 也就是強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和 結(jié)果 例如 Someone has broken the window 打破 這一動作雖然發(fā)生在過去 但影響延續(xù)至今 其結(jié) 果是窗子仍然是破的 The window is now broken I have lost my pen 結(jié)果是 我現(xiàn)在無鋼筆可用 I have no pen to use He s locked the door 結(jié)果是 現(xiàn)在門鎖上了 我們進(jìn)不去 Now the door is locked and we can t go in The party has started The party started and now it is going on I ve forgotten her name I forgot her name 他今天還沒吃任何東西 現(xiàn)在一定很餓了 我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了 現(xiàn)在不餓了 過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在和未來過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在和未來 表示一個開始于過去 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 并可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài) 常同 for since 引導(dǎo)的 時間狀語連用 或用于 How long 多久 句型中 表示持續(xù)的時間 例如 He has studied English for ten years 可能繼續(xù)學(xué)下去 She has lived here since then He has been in Nanjing since 2003 Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city 你已經(jīng)住在這個房子里多久了 2 這個女孩已經(jīng)病了一個星期了 提示提示 for 是介詞 后面只能跟單詞或詞組 是介詞 后面只能跟單詞或詞組 since 是介詞或連詞 后面可以跟單詞 詞是介詞或連詞 后面可以跟單詞 詞 組或句子 組或句子 同同 recently 等狀語連用等狀語連用 現(xiàn)在完成時常同表示從過去某時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間狀語連用 如 recently today this morning this week lately up to now so far in the past last few months since three years ago 等 例如 I haven t seen him this week I have been busy this morning He has bought a new bike recently 同同 often 等狀語連用等狀語連用 現(xiàn)在完成時常同不明確指出具體時間的狀語連用 如 often already yet never ever always once twice sometimes just for a long time only twice 等 例如 Have you done your homework yet 我們已經(jīng)完成了工作 我從沒去過英國 將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用在條件或時間狀語從句中 表示將來某個時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作 例 如 He will come as soon as he has finished the homework If you have read the book before I leave please lend it to me We shall wait here until the rain has stopped have gone 和和 have been have gone 和 have been 意義上不同 前者表示 到某地去了 尚沒回來 現(xiàn)在不在這里 后者表示 曾經(jīng)到過某地 現(xiàn)在已返回 比較 She has gone to Beijing 她現(xiàn)在不在這里 去北京了 可能已經(jīng)到達(dá) 也可能仍在途中 She has been to Beijing 她以前到過北京 現(xiàn)在已不在北京了 Where has he been 他已回來 Where has he gone 他現(xiàn)在不在這里 比較 have been to do sth 做過了某事 have gone to do sth 去做某事了 have come to do sth 來做某事了 for 2004 還是還是 since 2004 英語中有些動詞表示的動作是一時性的 短暫的短暫的 不能延續(xù)的 所以 不能同 for 和 since 等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用 也不可用于 How long How many 時間名詞 句中 因 此 這類動詞可以單獨使用于完成時中 但不可同表示一段時間的狀語一起用于完成時中 可以單獨使用于完成時中 但不可同表示一段時間的狀語一起用于完成時中 3 包括現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時 這類動詞有 go come leave arrive join receive get die buy borrow choose close fall finish kill lend marry open reach return start stop sit down stand up 等 比較 How long may I keep the book Her grandmother has been dead for five months It is five months since her grandfather died He has arrived He arrived there three hours ago It s three hours since he arrived It has been three hours since he arrived He has been away from Shanghai for two weeks It is two weeks since he left Shanghai He has left Shanghai She has joined the army She has been in the army since 20004 It is three years since she joined the army 提示提示 非延續(xù)性動詞的完成時有時可以同非延續(xù)性動詞的完成時有時可以同 for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用 但表示的是某一動作引導(dǎo)的短語連用 但表示的是某一動作 的目的或結(jié)果 而不是表示動作本身延續(xù)的時間 的目的或結(jié)果 而不是表示動作本身延續(xù)的時間 例如 She has come for two weeks 她已經(jīng)來了 準(zhǔn)備住兩個星期 He has gone for three days 他走了 要在三天后回來 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式表示動作的持續(xù)過程 具有延續(xù)性 因此可以同 for 或 since 引導(dǎo) 的一段時間狀語連用 例如 I haven t received her letter for a whole year He hasn t bought any book since last month for since 的特殊注意 的特殊注意 在帶有在帶有 for 或或 since 短語或短語或 since 從句的句子中以及從句的句子中以及 How long 提問的句子中提問的句子中 謂語動詞只謂語動詞只 用用延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞 可持續(xù)一段時間的動作 而不能用 而不能用短暫性動詞短暫性動詞 在瞬間發(fā)生完畢的動作 常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 borrow lend have has kept buy have has had owned die have has been dead begin start have has been on finish have has been over open have has been open close have has been closed catch a coldhave has had a cold fall illhave has been ill fall asleephave has been ill becomehave has been leave have has been away from get married have has been married join have has been a member of have has been in move come go to have has been in at 4 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時不可與表示特定過去時間的副詞連用 如現(xiàn)在完成時不可與表示特定過去時間的副詞連用 如 ago then yesterday 等 但一般等 但一般 過去時可以 過去時可以 例如 He worked here last year 現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果 而一般過去時只限于表示過現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果 而一般過去時只限于表示過 去的動作本身 與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān) 去的動作本身 與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān) 例如 He has been ill for a week 現(xiàn)在仍然病著 He was ill for a week 過去病過一個星期 現(xiàn)在好了 He has bought a house 現(xiàn)在完成時 到說話時仍然擁有那所房子 He bought a house five years ago 一般過去時只說明他五年前買過一所房子 現(xiàn)在不一定還 擁有那所房子 I haven t written him for ages 現(xiàn)在仍沒有寫 I didn t write him for ages 僅指過去 現(xiàn)在完成時可以同現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用 而一般過去時則不可 例如 It has been hot this summer 說話時仍然是夏天 It was hot this summer 說話時夏天已經(jīng)過去 現(xiàn)在完成時不可與疑問副詞 when 連用 而一般過去時則可以 例如 When did he come already 和 yet 的區(qū)別 already 用于肯定句 yet 用于否定句和疑問句 already 有時也可用于疑問句 表示 驚訝 意外 的意思 例如 Hurry up we are already twenty minutes late I haven t heard from him yet Has class begun yet Has class begun already 想不到 Have you sold the car yet Have you sold the car already 驚訝 補充補充 ago 和和 before 的用法的用法 ago 是副詞 表示從現(xiàn)在算起的若干時間以前 用于 名詞詞組 ago 結(jié)構(gòu) ago 所在句中的 謂語動詞用一般過去時 ago 不可單獨使用 也不可用作連詞 before 作副詞用時 表示從 過去某一時刻或某一事件算起的若干時間以前 所在句中的謂語動詞用過去去完成時 before 還可以單獨使用 意為 以前 謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時 ago 則沒有這種用法 before 還可以用作連詞 后接單詞 詞組或句子 ago 則沒有這種用法 比較 She saw the film three days ago 從現(xiàn)在說起三天前 She told me that she had seen the film three days before 從過去說起三天前 I have seen her before She had left before he arrived 課堂訓(xùn)練 課堂訓(xùn)練 一 用所給動詞的正確形式填空 5 1 I already see the film I see it last week 2 he finish his work today Not yet 3 My father just come back from work He is tired now 4 Where s Li Ming He go to the teacher s office 5 I work here since I move here in 1999 6 So far I make quite a few friends here 7 How long the Wangs stay here For two weeks 8 I just finish my homework 9 He go to school on foot every day 10 you find your science book yet 11 If it be fine tomorrow I ll go with you 12 The students read English when the teacher came in 13 Look The monkey climb the tree 14 My mother come to see me next Sunday 15 I ve lost my pen you see it anywhere 二 單項選擇 1 How long have you here A come B got C arrived D been 2 My grandpa died A at the age of my 2 B for 2 years C when I was 2 D my age was 6 3 Jane has to BeiJing She will come back tomorrow A been B gone C went D never been 4 It is ten years I last saw her A after B since C for D that 5 Who will go to the station to meet Lorry I will I her several times A met B have met C had met D will meet 6 What a nice dress How long you it Just 2 weeks A will buy B did buy C are having D have had 7 Do you know Lydia very well Yes She and I friends since we were very young A have made B have become C have been D have turned 8 The Smiths in China for 8 years A has lived B lived C have been D live 9 Hello this is Mr Green speaking Can I speak to Mr Black Sorry He the Bainiao Park A has been to B has gone to C went to D will go to 10 you ever to the US Yes twice A Have gone B Have been C Do go D were going 三 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 I have been to Macau before 改為否定句 I been to Macau before He hasn t come to school because he was ill 就劃線部分提問 he come to school 6 I bough a new bike just now 用 just 改寫 I just a new bike We began to learn English three years ago 改為同義句 We English three years 5 He has never surfed 改成反意疑問句 6 They have been here since 2000 對劃線部分提問 have they been here The old man last year He has for a