初中英語人教版八年級下冊八下unit1.doc

八年級上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 學(xué)案 Section A 一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1、學(xué)會談?wù)撨^去發(fā)生的事件學(xué)習(xí)一般過去時的用法 2、掌握規(guī)則動詞的變換規(guī)則 3、熟記一些常用的不規(guī)則動詞 4、一般過去時的特殊疑問句及答語。二、學(xué)習(xí)重點難點 1,、復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法； 2、進一步學(xué)習(xí)一般過去時態(tài)特殊疑問句及答語。三、課前預(yù)習(xí)（5分鐘） 1、試一試你能寫出下列各詞的過去式嗎？stay_ do_ stop_ play_ is_ go_ buy_ have _like_ visit_ are_ carry_draw _swim _ study _bring _begin _ learn _get _sleep _lie（躺）_enjoy _ 2、快樂譯一譯stay at home_ go to summer camp_go to New York city_ go to the mountains_visit my uncle_ go to the beach_ visit museums _ go with someone_ go out with someone _ _go to central park_go to New York city_ buy something special_ _ study for_meet someone interesting_ do something interesting _ 3、考考你的遷移能力 Lucy usually_to school early. But today she _to school late. (go) 一What_you_(do) on your vacation last year?-We_(play) on the beach. I_ (call) you just now. But there_ (be) no answer.Where _you(study) at home las night? 一No, I_(help)my mother_(clean) the room. The students of Class One go to see the old woman _ (one) a month. 4、 回答問題、How was your summer vacation ?、Where did you go on vacation? 、Who did you go there with ?、What did you do there ? 5. 讀一讀，背一背 Long time no see.好久不見（2d）。用于口語中，是老朋友之間的客套語。visit是及物動詞，意為“拜訪；探望”,后接表示人的名詞或代詞。visit還可以意為“參觀；游覽”，后接表示地點的名詞 拓展：visitor意為“參觀者；游客”。 buy及物動詞，意為“買；購買”。其過去式為_ 。 buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意為“給某人買某物”。My uncle_ _a bike.= My uncle_ _for me. 辨析：anywhere與somewhere anywhere意為“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。 eg:I cant find it anywhere. somewhere意為“在某處；到某處”，常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here. .辨析： few /a few 幾乎沒有/有幾個, little/a little沒有/有點.few/a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little/a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞；few little表示否定，a few/a little表示肯定。take photos 照相，拍照片。.Bye for now.用于新建的結(jié)束語 “到此為止吧”.feed 喂養(yǎng) 過去式（fed）常見詞組：feed on“以為食” feedto. “把喂” seem + 形容詞 看起來. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 從句 看起來好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 、too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修飾形容詞或副詞。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。nothingmuchtodo意為“沒什么事可做三、合作探究 （10分鐘）探究一、語法：一般過去時態(tài)的運用1.帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時如： two days ago last year in the old days just now when I was 8 years old yesterday 2 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時，要用過去時。這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語，而通過上下文來表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒，看看船長，然后就去世了。3 表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動作常與 always，never 等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。鞏固練習(xí)，I.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I_(get ) up late.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.I _ (call) Mike this morning.I listened but _ (hear) nothing.Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.II、用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空 Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan. He _ (have) a wonderful time. He _ (do) a lot of different things and _ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _ (go) back to England, he _ (be) very tired. 探究二、英語中的動詞分類首先，動詞有第三人稱單數(shù)、原形、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式等不同的形式變化，用法上各司其職。另外動詞家族通常也劃分成四個類別。 （1）行為動詞。多表示動作、行為，有及物與不及物動詞（vt與vi）之分，其作用特征是能夠獨立充當(dāng)謂語。如： We played happily. （vi）They are playing tennis.（vt）（2）連系動詞。表 示事物的特征、狀態(tài)變化的過程等?？山M成一類句子，名叫“主+系+表”，可將其歸為三類。 表示狀態(tài)的，如be（是），seem, stay, keep等。如： We are in Grade 7. 表示對事物的分析過程，可譯為“起來”。像feel, look, sound（聽起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來）等。如： The meat tastes good. 表示變化的，有“變得”之意。如：become, turn, grow, get, go, come等。如：Soon the man grew angry.（3）助動詞。常用的有do, be, have/ has, will/ shall等詞，它們無詞義，要依靠主要動詞，在句中起的作用是： 幫助構(gòu)成疑問句。如：Does he live in a big city? 幫助構(gòu)成否定關(guān)系。如：We do not go to school on Sunday. 表示時態(tài)關(guān)系。如： We are studying English. 表示語態(tài)關(guān)系。如：The e-mail was written by him.（4）情態(tài)動詞。這類動詞另有一定的詞義，但也要依賴于主要的動詞而存在，它們沒有人稱及數(shù)的變化，它們是can, may, must, need, ought to, dare, had better等。如： As a student, I must work hard.探究三、復(fù)合不定代詞和不定副詞的構(gòu)成及其用法1.構(gòu)成：由some, any, no, every分別加上-body, -thing, -one構(gòu)成的不定代詞叫做復(fù)合不定代詞；加上-where構(gòu)成副詞。2.用法：（1）復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可以作主語，賓語或表語等。Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.（2）不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes to be free.（3）some-不定代詞，通常用于肯定句中；any-不定代詞則多用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。但some-可用于表請求、邀請、預(yù)料對方會作肯定回答時的疑問句中。Someone called on her last week. There isnt anyone else there.Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat?（4）形容詞修飾不定代詞時，形容詞要后置。There is something wrong with your eyes.（5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副詞。Trees turn green and flowers come out everywhere.肯定句somebody=someone某人 something某物 somewhere某地否定句 not any=no anybody= anyone anything anywhere否定意義（沒有）nobody= no one nothing/ nowhere everybody=everyone每人 everything每樣?xùn)|西 everywhere每個地方 鞏固練習(xí)：用不定代詞或不定副詞填空：1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _.2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up.3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ?4. I phoned you last night, but _ answered it.5. I dont think _ telephoned.6. Why dont you ask _ to help you ?7. If you want _ , please let me know.8. Shall we get _ to drink ?9. Dont worry. Theres _ wrong with your ears.10. Theres _ in the box. Its empty.11. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _. III、按要求變換句型： I saw a lot of children _ on the playground.（正在打籃球） . Yesterday we went to the park. We had a great time there.（改成近義句） Yesterday we went to the park. We _ _ there. I paid 20 yuan for the new book. （改成近義句） I _ _ _ _ the new book. . My family and I visited some places of interest.（變成疑問句） _ . We did our homework.（變成否定句）五、單項選擇。 1. I found a small boy _ in the corner. A. criesB. to cryC. criedD. crying 2. We had great fun _ in the water. A. playingB. playsC. pl