英語(yǔ)六大句式及十大從句類(lèi)型

一、 句型1： Subject (主語(yǔ)) Verb (謂語(yǔ)) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厲害了。 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。 二、句型2：Subject (主語(yǔ)) Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) Predicate(表語(yǔ)) 這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類(lèi)： (1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示變化。這類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 這棵樹(shù)比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主語(yǔ)) Verb (謂語(yǔ)) Object (賓語(yǔ)) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞。其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。1) He took his bag and left.（名詞） 他拿著書(shū)包離開(kāi)了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞) 當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式） 她打算在即將到來(lái)的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。 四、句型4： Subject(主語(yǔ))Verb(謂語(yǔ)) Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ)) 這種句型中，直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ)，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)；間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱(chēng)之為第二賓語(yǔ)，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類(lèi)雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有： buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 她爸爸給她買(mǎi)了一本詞典作為生日禮物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5： Subject(主語(yǔ))Verb (動(dòng)詞)Object (賓語(yǔ))Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) 這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。（形容詞） 2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。 句型六：There be + 主語(yǔ) + 其它 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地有某物”。主語(yǔ)一般位于there be 之后。值得關(guān)注的是，當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致： 1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground第一：定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在句子中作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。 先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞 被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞； 在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。 引導(dǎo)詞分為“關(guān)系代詞”和“關(guān)系副詞”。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。 關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why。例如，下面的這兩個(gè)句子用上定語(yǔ)從句馬上就變成了一個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)雜句。Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.第二：狀語(yǔ)從句。在句子中起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)是句子的重要修飾成分。狀語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的另一個(gè)附加成分，它附加在謂語(yǔ)中心語(yǔ)的前面，從情況、時(shí)間、處所、方式、條件、對(duì)象、肯定、否定、范圍和程度等。在寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中運(yùn)用的最多的是以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句，即原因狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句。1. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because, as, since和for引導(dǎo)Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗暮锰庍h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于壞處。2. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導(dǎo)Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。3. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導(dǎo)Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.假如你要取得成就或要實(shí)現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準(zhǔn)備好條件。4. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常由when和while引導(dǎo)Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.說(shuō)到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句: 常由so that和in order that引導(dǎo)Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.成千上萬(wàn)的人們不得不花費(fèi)的精力和時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)，使得他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)能保持優(yōu)勢(shì)。第三：賓語(yǔ)從句。在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。 賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.一些人認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任。Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.許多專(zhuān)家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無(wú)法避免。第四：同位語(yǔ)從句。在復(fù)合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列， 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明該名詞性成分的有關(guān)情況的名詞性從句， 被稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.環(huán)境污染變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重是不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí)：對(duì)于一般工人來(lái)講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。第五：主語(yǔ)從句。一 what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 以that, whether從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 以 when,where,how,why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句第六：強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + thatEg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.汽車(chē)和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環(huán)境被污染。第七：倒裝句。Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.只有政府采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧?，這個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題才能被解決。第八：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.人們應(yīng)竭盡全力來(lái)保護(hù)我們賴(lài)以生存的環(huán)境。第九：分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.旅游業(yè)是一個(gè)新興的行業(yè)，它成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要, 在很多東南亞國(guó)家起著尤為重要的作用。Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the