英語語法牛津英語初中語法大全(八).docx

美聯(lián)英語提供：牛津英語初中語法大全8關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0他有一張誠實(shí)的臉。語法分析：品質(zhì)形容詞大多用來表示人或物的品質(zhì)，大多數(shù)形容詞都屬于這一類。(2) This medicine is for external use only.該藥僅供外用。語法分析：類屬形容詞表示屬于哪一類。(3) Carrots are orange.胡蘿卜是橘紅色的。語法分析：表示顏色的屬于顏色形容詞。(4) Thats sheer nonsense.純粹是胡說八道。語法分析：強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞在句子里起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。(5) She is pleasing in her appearance.她的摸樣很喜人。語法分析：由大量的現(xiàn)在分詞正在或已經(jīng)成為形容詞。1. The play was _bore.2. In the case they would receive _finance aid from the state.3. It was a _tire journey.4. It has a _satisfy ending.5. I could hear her _agitate voice.6. She is a _train nurse.1. boring 2. financial 3. tiring 4. satisfying 5. agitated 6. trained64.名詞化的形容詞To the pure all things are impure.在純潔的人眼里，什么東西都是攙假的。一部分形容詞（包括分詞形容詞）具有名詞的句法作用，在句子中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。形容詞的這種用法大體上可以分為指人和指物的兩類，在韓奕和語法上則有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。如果用來表示一類人，則具有復(fù)數(shù)含義，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這種用法可以與定冠詞或零冠詞連用，也可以與名詞所有格或其他限定詞連用。如表示個(gè)別人，則具有單數(shù)含義；如表示抽象概念，則具有單數(shù)含義，可以與定冠詞連用。(1) Peace is good for the good; only the cruel long for war.和平對于好人而言是好事；只有殘忍之徒才渴望戰(zhàn)爭。語法分析：某些形容詞和定冠詞連用表示某一類人。(2) The youngest and the oldest are the most likely to be ill.幼嬰兒和高齡老人最容易生病。語法分析：某些形容詞可以用比較級和最高級形式，也可以帶修飾語。(3) Old and young should help each other.老年人與年輕人應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。語法分析：當(dāng)形容詞成對使用時(shí)，可以與零冠詞連用。(4) It is our duty to nurse your sick.照顧你們有病的人是我們的責(zé)任。語法分析：可以與名詞所有格或其他限定詞連用。(5) They expected me to do the impossible.他們期待我做辦不到的事情。語法分析：某些形容詞和定冠詞連用表示某一些事物或品質(zhì)。(6) I cannot say for sure.我說不準(zhǔn)。語法分析：有不少詞組中包含名詞化形容詞。1. You shouldnt confuse _ Chinese and _ Japanese.2. _ wise look to _ wiser for advice.3. No impresario wants to risk big money on _ unknown.4. _ unknown is often feared.5. She is _ accused.6. He cuts my hairs _ free.7. I told him the story _ full.1. the.the 2. The.the 3. an 4. The 5. the 6. for 7. in65.形容詞的位置There is nothing wrong with her heart.她的心臟沒有問題。用形容詞來修飾nothing, something等這類合成代詞的時(shí)候，形容詞的位置通常要放在它們的后面。作定語的形容詞通常要放在所修飾的詞的前面，如果有幾個(gè)形容詞，其順序大體上是冠詞+品質(zhì)形容詞+顏色形容詞+類別形容詞+所修飾的詞。有個(gè)別形容詞可以放在所修飾詞的后面或前面，但意思有事有所不同。作表語的形容詞都跟在系動(dòng)詞的和面，作狀語時(shí)可以放在句子前面或后面，有時(shí)也可以放在句子主語的后面。(1) There is a small yellow wooden table in the room.房間里有一張黃色的小木桌。語法分析：有幾個(gè)形容詞時(shí)的順序。(2) She is the Poet Laureate.她是桂冠詩人。語法分析：個(gè)別形容詞可以放在所修飾詞的后面。(3) Presently he grew calmer.不久，他平靜了一些。語法分析：形容詞作表語要放在系動(dòng)詞后面。(4) This kept me busy.這使我很忙。語法分析：形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)一般緊跟賓語。(5) Many great poets died young.許多詩人都英年早逝。語法分析：有些形容詞有時(shí)用在動(dòng)詞后面，表示狀態(tài)。(6) Conscientious and eager, he took down everything she said.他很認(rèn)真熱情，把她說的話都記下來了。語法分析：形容詞作同位語時(shí)有時(shí)可以放在句首，尤其是當(dāng)主語很短時(shí)。(7) Strange to say, no one was hurt.說也奇怪，沒有人受傷。語法分析：作句子狀語的形容詞，多放在句子開頭。1. He came round greatly _concern.2. This delay has made me _late.3. There was something _miss.4. She could not fully understand _involve scholarly lectures.5. She had the worst _imagine.6. Greatly _interest, I asked how she played the new instrument.1. concerned 2. late 3. missing 4. involved 5. imaginable 6. interested66.形容詞的比較級別The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.一個(gè)人越有學(xué)問，往往就越謙虛。這個(gè)句子包含了形容詞的比較級的用法，“the more.the more”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越是.越”的意思，這是形容詞比較級的特殊用法，類似的還有“more.than”，“more and more”，“more than”等。單音節(jié)形容詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級形式可以通過詞尾的曲折變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)，其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞都以在前面加more和most的方式構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，還有一些詞有不規(guī)則的比較級和最高級形式。(1) Two heads are better than one.兩人的智慧勝過一人。語法分析：不規(guī)則比較級的規(guī)則用法。(2) She is my elder sister.她是我姐姐。語法分析：elder和eldest主要用來表示兄弟姐妹或子女的長幼關(guān)系。(3) Shes happier than she ever been.她現(xiàn)在比過去任何時(shí)候都快樂。語法分析：形容詞比較級可以和than連用，表示兩者相比，than后面可以跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、狀語以及動(dòng)詞或形容詞等成分。(4)Now I feel a great deal more confident.現(xiàn)在我覺得信心強(qiáng)多了。語法分析：在形容詞比較級前可以加一些修飾語如much, a lot, far, a little, any, no, some等，還可以加一些其他表示數(shù)量的詞。(5)It is a most joyful occasion.這是個(gè)非?？鞓返娜兆?。語法分析：在形容詞最高級前面可以加a或不加冠詞表示“非常”。1. I may not be good, but at _little let me have a try.2. She cannot go there till tomorrow at _early.3. My command of Japanese is not half so _good as yours.4. The warmer the weather, the _well I feel.5.She was a _good singer than he was.6. This is the _bad accident for years.1. feast 2. the earliest 3. good 4. better 5. better 6. worst67.形容詞比較級別的注意點(diǎn)China is bigger than any other country in Asia.中國比亞洲其他任何國家都大。比較級是兩者相比，具有其他的特點(diǎn)，多用于同一性質(zhì)或同一范疇中兩者的比較，所以這個(gè)句子就不可把other省略掉。如果不屬于同一范疇，則不用other，有時(shí)可用else。如果為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，比較級不用than結(jié)構(gòu)，而用of結(jié)構(gòu)，比較形容詞前加the。形容詞最高級與the連用，但如果不表示比較，僅強(qiáng)調(diào)“非?！睍r(shí)，不用定冠詞，可用不定冠詞。當(dāng)兩個(gè)最高級形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，后一個(gè)最高級形容詞的定冠詞常省去。(1) This table is bigger than anyone else.這張桌子比任何別的東西都要大。語法分析：不屬于同一范疇的兩者相比，有時(shí)可以用else。(2) She is the nicer of the two.她是兩人之間最好的。語法分析：有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，比較級不用than結(jié)構(gòu)，而用of結(jié)構(gòu)。(3) Compared with silk, cotton is cheap.和絲綢相比，棉花便宜。語法分析：“compared with和be senior to .”也具有比較意義，但與它們連用的形容詞是原形。(4) We couldnt have got better results.我們不可能取得比這更好的成績。語法分析：形容詞的比較級與虛擬語氣中的couldnt連用有“不可能更.”或“再.不過”的意思。(5) She is a most capable young girl.她是個(gè)很有才華的年輕女孩。語法分析：如不表示比較，只表示非常時(shí)，不用定冠詞，可用不定冠詞。(6) Her greatest wish is to become an engineer.她最大的愿望是當(dāng)個(gè)工程師。語法分析：最高級形容詞如有物主代詞或名詞所有格，就不用冠詞。(7) Oldest in our workshop as she is, she works hardest.雖然她是我們車間年齡最大的，但是她工作最辛苦。語法分析：最高級形容詞用在由as引導(dǎo)的倒裝讓步狀語從句時(shí)，前面不用定冠詞。1. The ice became smaller and _small, until in the end it disappeared completely.2. The weather is getting more and _ terrible.3. The driver drove the cat at a speed of 50 kms more or _ per hour.4. He is not late for class any _.5. There are not more _ ten elephants in this forest.6. Iron is the more useful _ the two.7. She is the nicest _ the two.8. She is four years senior _ me.9. I hope this book was better than _ one you fent me.10. I dreamed _ worst dream last night.11. He is the youngest but _tallboy in our class.12. John is a _small boy than Smith.13. Of the three glasses there is _little milk in this one.1. smaller 2. more/longer 3. less 4. more 5. than 6. of 7. of 8. to 9. the 10. my 11. tallest 12. smaller 13. the least69.副詞在句中的作用Have you seen her lately?你最近見到她了嗎？副詞的最主要的作用就是作狀語，可以修飾動(dòng)詞，也可以修飾動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。副詞還可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。大部分的副詞都可用作表語，還可在句中作定語、作賓語補(bǔ)語，也可構(gòu)成成語動(dòng)詞。(1) They spoke very highly of him.他們對他評價(jià)很高。語法分析：副詞的最主要的作用就是用來修飾動(dòng)詞在句中作狀語。(2) Excuse me for coming back.原諒我又回來了。語法分析：副詞還可用來修飾非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。(3) Naturally, hes attached to the place.當(dāng)然他很喜歡這個(gè)地方。語法分析：副詞做狀語，可以修飾整個(gè)句子。(4) She didnt work hard enough.她不夠用功。語法分析：副詞修飾副詞或形容詞作狀語。(5) The bedrooms are upstairs.臥室在樓上。語法分析：副詞作表語。(6) I hope youll enjoy your stay here.希望你在這兒住得愉快。語法分析：副詞作定語。(7) He doesnt know how to put his ideas across.他不知道如何講清楚自己的意思。語法分析：副詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，一起構(gòu)成符合賓語。(1) Shell be here _direct.(2) _great disappointed. She went home.(3) He is _slight lame.(4) I leave _ work at six oclock.(5) The roses will come _ next time.(6) Some try to get _ by making up the boss.(7) She will carry these aims _ to the end.(1) directly (2) Greatly (3) slightly (4) off (5) out (6) on (7) through70.副詞的比較級別He laughs best who laughs last.誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。副詞well的最高級best用來修飾動(dòng)詞laugh，副詞最高級前多數(shù)不加定冠詞the。與形容詞一樣，副詞也有比較級和最高級形式。單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞可以加詞尾的方法構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞大多以加more和most的方法構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，此外，還有一些不規(guī)則的形式。副詞的比較級和最高級除了一般用法外，大多可以用在一些特別的結(jié)構(gòu)中。(1) Try to do better next time.下次爭取干好一點(diǎn)。語法分析：副詞的比較級可以單獨(dú)使用。(2) She studied the subject further than I do.這個(gè)問題她探究得比我深入。語法分析：副詞比較級可以和than一起使用。(3) She reached the destination three days earlier than the others.她比別人早三田到達(dá)目的地。語法分析：副詞比較級前有時(shí)可以有狀語修飾。(4) He went farther and farther away.他越走越遠(yuǎn)。語法分析：副詞的比較級和最高級可以用在一些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)或短語中，如more and more,the more.the more,hadbetter,had best等。(5) You ought to know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day.你應(yīng)當(dāng)懂得這樣冷的天不穿大衣出去可不行。語法分析：know better than to do something結(jié)構(gòu)表示懂得不宜做某事。(1) He used to be a radical and has thought _wellof it.(2) The more I work,_ I accomplish.(3) Of these sports,I like rowing _.(4) She knows all this as _well as I do.(5) He works a lot _hardthan before.(6) I go to Shanghai _frequentlythan she does.(1) better (2) the more (3) most (4) well (5) harder (6) more frequently71.副詞的位置Ill come and see you tomorrow.我明天來看你。多數(shù)副詞都放在所修飾動(dòng)詞的后面，也可放在句子的末尾即賓語或狀語的后面。有時(shí)句子賓語較長時(shí)，副詞可放在主語和動(dòng)詞之間。有些說明性格和智力的副詞，常放在動(dòng)詞前面。有些副詞為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可放在句首。頻度副詞通常放在動(dòng)詞前面，助動(dòng)詞后面或系動(dòng)詞be的后面。句子副詞一般放在句首，有些副詞位置很靈活，如only和even，可放在與它們意思最密切的詞之前。(1)They lived happily ever after.他們從此過上了幸福的生活。語法分析：多數(shù)副詞都放在所修飾動(dòng)詞的后面。(2)She looked at me suspiciously.她用懷疑的眼光看著我。語法分析：也可放在句子的末尾即賓語或狀語的后面。(3)She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.她仔細(xì)地把碎玻璃都撿了起來。語法分析：賓語較長時(shí)，副詞可放在主語和動(dòng)詞之間，以免副詞離動(dòng)詞太遠(yuǎn)。(4)He kindly paid for us.他慷慨地替大家付款。語法分析：有些說明性格和智力的副詞，常放在動(dòng)詞前面。(5)They sometimes stay up all night.他們有時(shí)徹夜不睡。語法分析：頻度副詞通常放在動(dòng)詞前面。(6)I have often thought of you.我常想起你。語法分析：頻度副詞常放在助動(dòng)詞后面。(7)I wasnt much surprised.我并不太吃驚。語法分析：程度副詞都放在所修飾詞的前面。(1)She _ angrydenied that she had stolen the documents.(2)He _foolishforgot his passport.(3)_occasionshe came to see me.(4)Sometimes Im busy and _ Im not.(5)You should certainly visit him _frequentto cheer him up.(6)She has reached a point _ a change is needed.(7)I wasnt _ surprised.(1)angrily (2)foolishly (3)Occasionally (4)sometimes (5)frequently (6)where (7)much72.關(guān)于副詞的若干注意點(diǎn)I saw it clear.我看得很清楚。在這個(gè)局子里，副詞clear與clearly意思相同，在句子里的位置相同，二者可以互換。有些同源副詞詞義各異，所以不能互換。如果詞義基本相同，但在句子里所處的位置不同，則二者不可以互換。兩個(gè)同一性質(zhì)的副詞狀語在一起時(shí)，單位大的一般要放在單位小的后面。大多數(shù)副詞沒有傾向性，但有些副詞卻含有積極意義或消極意義，這取決于它所在的語言環(huán)境。(1)He is running round in the field.他在場上兜圈子。語法分析：round為“完全，絕對”，roundly為“嚴(yán)厲地”雖為同源副詞，但意義不同。(2)She doesnt talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.她不在公共場所大聲談笑。語法分析：loudly意為“大聲地”和loud的意思相同，所以可用loud在相同位置替換loudly。(3)He firmly supports us.他堅(jiān)定地支持我們。語法分析：有些副詞如與形容詞筒形，位置在動(dòng)詞后，多在句末；如是ly結(jié)尾，多放在動(dòng)詞前面，所以在句中firm不可替換firmly。(4)Im going to start at nine tomorrow.我明天九點(diǎn)出發(fā)。語法分析：兩個(gè)同一性質(zhì)的副詞狀語在一起時(shí)，單位大的一般要放在單位小的后面。(5)The weather is rather cold today.今天天氣特別冷。語法分析：rather和completely多與表示消極意義的詞連用。(6)She is perfectly satisfied with it.她對此非常滿意。語法分析：entirely,fairly和perfectly多與表示積極意義的詞連用。(1)I feel _ that you ought to s