心血管系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)8.ppt

Angiology脈管系統(tǒng) 山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華 Composition Cardiovascularsystem心血管系統(tǒng)Lymphaticsystem淋巴系統(tǒng) Thecardiovascularsystem OrganizationHeart心Amusclepumptomaintaintheflowofblood Consistoffourchambers rightandleftatria rightandleftventricles Artery動(dòng)脈a carrybloodawayfromtheheartVeins靜脈v carrybloodbacktotheheartCapillary毛細(xì)血管microscopicvessels theareaofexchangebetweenbloodandtissuefluid Bloodcirculation Systemiccirculation體循環(huán)leftventricle aortaanditsbranches capillariesofbody superiorandinferiorvenacava rightatriumPulmonarycirculation肺循環(huán)rightventricle pulmonarya capillariesoflung pulmonaryv rightatrium Vascularanastomosis血管吻合 Anastomosisbetweena Anastomosisbetweenv Arteriolovenularanastomosis動(dòng)靜脈吻合Collateralvessels側(cè)副管Circulation側(cè)支循環(huán) Rectalvenousplexus TheArteries CharacteristicsSymmetry對(duì)稱Inthetrunkofthebodyconsistparietalandvisceralbranches壁支和臟支ShortestpossiblecourseRunonflexorsurfacesUsuallydonotpassdirectlythroughmuscles avoidingcompressionTogetherwiththeveinsandnervesinasheathoffasciatoformneurovascularbundle血管神經(jīng)束 Arteriesofpulmonarycirculation肺循環(huán)的動(dòng)脈 Pulmonarytrunk肺動(dòng)脈干ArisesfromrightventricleRunsup back andtotheleftBifurcatesinferiortoaorticarchintorightandleftpulmonaryarteries oneforeachlung Arteriesofsystemiccirculation體循環(huán)的動(dòng)脈 Aorta主動(dòng)脈Ascendingaorta升主動(dòng)脈Aorticarch主動(dòng)脈弓Brachiocephalictrunk頭臂干rightcommoncarotida 右頸總動(dòng)脈rightsubclaviana 右鎖骨下動(dòng)脈Leftcommoncarotida 左頸總動(dòng)脈Leftsubclaviana 左鎖骨下動(dòng)脈Descendingaorta降主動(dòng)脈Thoracicaorta胸主動(dòng)脈Abdominalaorta腹主動(dòng)脈 ArteriesofheadandneckCommoncarotida 頸總動(dòng)脈Externalcarotida 頸外動(dòng)脈Internalcarotida 頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈Subclaviana 鎖骨下動(dòng)脈 ArteriesofupperlimbAxillarya 腋動(dòng)脈Brachiala 肱動(dòng)脈Radiala 橈動(dòng)脈Ulnara 尺動(dòng)脈Superficialpalmararch掌淺弓deeppalmararc掌深弓 Thoracicaorta胸主動(dòng)脈Parietalbranches壁支Ninepairsposteriorintercostalsarteries肋間后動(dòng)脈Onepairsubcostal肋下動(dòng)脈Visceralbranches臟支 Abdominalaorta腹主動(dòng)脈 Visceralbranches臟支PairedbranchesMiddlesuprarenalartery腎上腺中動(dòng)脈Renalartery腎動(dòng)脈Testicular ovarian artery睪丸 卵巢 動(dòng)脈UnpairedbranchesCeliactrunk腹腔干Superiormesenterica 腸系膜上動(dòng)脈Inferiormesenterica 腸系膜下動(dòng)脈Parietalbranches ArteriesofpelvisCommoniliaca 髂總動(dòng)脈Internaliliaca 髂內(nèi)動(dòng)脈Externaliliaca 髂外動(dòng)脈 ArteriesoflowerlimbFemorala 股動(dòng)脈Popliteala 腘動(dòng)脈Posteriortibiala 脛后動(dòng)脈Anteriortibiala 脛前動(dòng)脈dorsala offoot足背動(dòng)脈 TheVeins靜脈 GeneralfeatureThinwalls largerlumens venousvalves venousplexus venousreteTwosetsSuperficialveinDeepveinsSpecialstructures sinusesofduramater硬腦膜竇diploicveins板障靜脈 Venousvalve Diploicveins Sinusesofduramater Superiorvenacavaanditstributaries VeinsofheadandneckInternaljugularveinExternaljugularveinBrachiocephalicvein venousangle VeinsofupperlimbDeepvein havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins cephalicv 頭靜脈basilicav 貴要靜脈mediancubitalv 肘正中靜脈 VeinsofthoraxSuperiorvenacava上腔靜脈Azygosv 奇靜脈Hemiazygosv 半奇靜脈accessoryhemiazygosv 副半奇靜脈Veinsofvertebralcolumn椎靜脈叢 InferiorvenacavasystemVeinsoflowerlimbDeepvein havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins greatsaphenousv 大隱靜脈smallsaphenous小隱靜脈 VeinsofpelvisInternaliliacv 髂內(nèi)靜脈Externaliliacv 髂外靜脈Commoniliacv 髂總靜脈 InferiorvenacavaanditstributariesHepaticportalv TheLymphaticSystem Heart Artery Capillaries Vein Cell Tissuefluid Lymphaticcapillary Lymphaticvessel Lymphaticnode Lymphatictrunk Lymphaticduct CompositionLymphaticvesselLymphaticcapillaryLymphaticvessels twosets superficialanddeepLymphatictrunks nineLymphaticducts thoracicduct rightlymphaticduckLymphaticorganLymphaticnodesTonsil spleen thymusLymphatictissue Lymphaticcapillary Lymphaticnode Afferentvessels Afferentvessels ThoracicductRightlymphaticduck Lymphaticvessels Introductionofthenervoussystem 山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華 TheNervousSystem Divisions Centralnervoussystem CNS 1 Brain 腦 2 Spinalcord 脊髓 Peripheralnervoussystem PNS 1 Cranialn 腦神經(jīng)12pairs 2 Spinaln 脊神經(jīng)31pairs 3 Visceraln 內(nèi)臟神經(jīng) Visceralsensoryn Visceralmotorn Sympatheticpart 交感神經(jīng) Parasympatheticpart 副交感神經(jīng) TheCranialNerves腦神經(jīng) Olfactorynerve嗅神經(jīng) Opticnerve視神經(jīng) Oculomotornerve動(dòng)眼神經(jīng) Trochlearnerve滑車神經(jīng) Trigeminalnerve三叉神經(jīng) Abducentnerve展神經(jīng) Facialnerve面神經(jīng) Vestibulocochlearnerve前庭蝸神經(jīng) Glossopharyngealnerve舌咽神經(jīng) Vagusnerve迷走神經(jīng) Accessorynerve副神經(jīng) Hypoglossalnerve舌下神經(jīng) 31pairsspinalnerves 8cervical 12thoracic 5lumbar 5sacral and1coccygealnerve Formation eachspinalnerveisformedbyunionofanteriorandposteriorrootsatintervertebralforamen1 TheanteriorrootContainsmotorfibersforskeletalmuscles ThosefromT1toL2containsympatheticfibers S2toS4alsocontainparasympatheticfibers 2 TheposteriorrootContainssensoryfiberswhosecellbodiesareinthespinalganglion Generaldescription Functionalcomponents1 Somaticefferentnervefibers軀體傳出纖維 SE fibersthattransmitmotorimpulsesfromspinalcordtoskeletalmuscles 2 Visceralefferentnervefibers內(nèi)臟傳出纖維 VE fibersthattransmitmotorimpulsesfromspinalcordtosmoothmuscles cardiacmuscleandglands 3 Somaticafferentnervefibers軀體傳入纖維 SA fibersthattransmitexteroceptiveandproprioceptiveimpulsesfrombodytospinalcord4 Visceralafferentnervefibers內(nèi)臟傳入纖維 VA fibersthattransmitinteroceptiveimpulsesfromthevisceratospinalcord Branchesofspinalnerves1 Anteriorbranch前支 largest innervatesanterolateralbodywallandlimbs thegreatnerveplexus e g thecervical brachial lumbar andsacral areformedbyanteriorrami2 Posteriorbranch后支 innervatesthebackofthetrunk3 Communicatingbranch交通支 connectthespinalnervetothesympathetictrunk4 Meningealbranch脊膜支 re entersvertebralcanalthroughintervertebralforamentoduramater Cervicalplexus頸叢 Formation formedbyanteriorramiofC1 C4spinalnervesPosition liesinfrontoftheoriginoflevatorscapulaeandscalenusmediusanddeeptothesuperiorpartofthesternocleidomastoid Brachialplexus臂叢 Formation FormedbyanteriorramiofC5 C8andT1spinalnervesPosition Passesthroughthescalenefissuretoposterosuperiorofsubclavianartery thenenterstheaxillatoformthreecords Anteriorbranchesofthoracicnerves Intercostalnerves肋間