高中英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)外研版.doc

必修五Module 1confusedisappoint, embarrass,move, frighten, amaze,interest, surprise, tire,terrify, excite, satisfy,.confuse(vt.) confusion(n.) 聯(lián)想： （confuse with/and.） （in confusion） 把和混淆 困惑地；混亂地 confusing (adj.) confused (adj.)compare (v.)-comparison(n.)把A 和B比較compare A with B 把A比作/比喻為B compare A to B 比起,與相比(作狀語(yǔ)) compared with /to 比得上compare with 無(wú)與倫比beyond comparison 與比較in comparison 相比之下by comparisondiffer (vi) different(adj.) difference (n.)在方面不同differ in = be different in 區(qū)分和Tell the difference betweenand.不同于differ from = be different from和某人在方面differ with sb. on sth. 有影響，使不同make a difference對(duì)有影響have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influence It makes a big difference to your life whether you take an optimistic attitude or not. 你是否采取樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度對(duì)你的人生有很大的影響。common有很多/有一些/ 幾乎沒(méi)有/ 沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)have much(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little) in common 和一樣in common withleadlead to +doing/n通往，通向；導(dǎo)致，招致 lead sb to sp. 帶領(lǐng)某人到某地lead sb to do sth. 使某人做某事，領(lǐng)某人干某事命題方向： 1). lead to + doing/ being done 2).leading to 作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 3).含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用在定語(yǔ)從句中，考察句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。短語(yǔ)lead to 中，to為介詞，總結(jié)一下“動(dòng)詞+介詞to”的常用短語(yǔ)pay attention to 注意 devote to 獻(xiàn)身于 stick to 堅(jiān)持be used to 習(xí)慣于belong to 屬于 object to 反對(duì) get down to開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做. contribute to 為.做貢獻(xiàn) pay a visit to 參觀;拜訪difficultyhave some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/沒(méi)有困難There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意：difficulty 為不可數(shù)名詞）have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/沒(méi)有困難There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意：difficulty 為不可數(shù)名詞）attemptattempt to do/ attempt at doing. 試圖做;嘗試做make an/no attempt to do (沒(méi)有)試圖/打算做at ones first attempt (to do) 第一次嘗試做addaddto把加到上 add to 增加addup把加起來(lái) add up to總計(jì)必修五Module 2offer n/v表示愿意做，主動(dòng)給予 提出，提供 （買(mǎi)方） 出價(jià)/ charge （賣(mài)方）收費(fèi)，要價(jià)offer/provide /supply提供給某人某物 offer sb sth/offer sth to sbprovide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb主動(dòng)提出做某事:offer to do apply vapply sth to 應(yīng)用 New technology is applied to almost every industrial process. (工業(yè)流程)apply oneself to 致力于；專(zhuān)心于 If only he applied himself to study, he would do better in it. apply for 申請(qǐng)Before applying for the post, you have to fill in the application form.【拓展】 applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 表示“致力于；專(zhuān)心于”的短語(yǔ)：be lost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied in concentrate/ focus/ fix .onbe devoted / addicted/ abandoned to (沉迷于) demand: n. (非常/很)受歡迎的in (good) demand需要,需求(尤指顧客) demand for sth./ sb.對(duì)某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.demand可加n. / Pro./ To do / that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。注意：不能說(shuō):demand sb to do sth必修五Module31. account v./n.on account of 由于 Take into account烤魚(yú) On no account絕不accounted for解釋bank account 銀行賬戶as ifas if 引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ)。as if = as though 好像，似乎, 主要用于引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)前面有系動(dòng)詞look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound等時(shí)，如果表示的可能性較大，與事實(shí)較一致時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。as if 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況： 從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 You look as if you did not care. (實(shí)際上關(guān)心)從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had過(guò)去分詞” He talked about Paris as if he had been there before. （實(shí)際上以前沒(méi)去過(guò)）從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形”。 It looks as if it might snow. （實(shí)際上不會(huì)下雪）分詞作定語(yǔ) 1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如： He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you) He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by) 2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生分詞作狀語(yǔ) 連詞+分詞(短語(yǔ)) 有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 如： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意義的動(dòng)詞之后 分詞作表語(yǔ) 分詞作插入語(yǔ) :其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。 generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái) strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說(shuō) judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來(lái)看 taking all things into consideration 全面看來(lái) 分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 1). 與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí) (not) doing 2）先于主動(dòng)詞 （not）having done獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致。如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。常表伴隨的動(dòng)作或情必修五Module 4Pretend pretend +that 假裝 pretend to do sth. 假裝要做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假裝正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假裝已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事類(lèi)似用法happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事 appear to be 似乎是 consider sth. to be/as 把當(dāng)作 bookbook 意為預(yù)定（票，位子等）order 意為訂貨，定購(gòu)常用作及物動(dòng)詞，還可以意為點(diǎn)菜（飯，酒，飲料）既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。dressdress的用法： dress sb./ oneself=(sb).be dressed in dress(oneself) upwear的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) (穿著,穿衣戴帽,戴首飾,帶笑容)put on 的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作(穿上 ) -反義詞 take off 必修五Module 5winwin vt. &vi. 其賓語(yǔ)不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名詞。beat和defeat兩者的賓語(yǔ)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有優(yōu)勢(shì)take advantage of 利用機(jī)會(huì)等；某人的處境、弱點(diǎn)等to ones advantage =to the advantage of sb. 對(duì)某人有利chance(the) chances are (that) ./ The chance is that .很可能. (It is likely / probable / possible that)There is no chance that .不可能There is a chance that /of 有可能seize /grasp a chance 抓住機(jī)會(huì)take a chance /take chances 冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣by chance /by accident 碰巧倍數(shù)(1).倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： 倍數(shù)+ as . as. This room is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)房間是哪個(gè)房間的四倍大。 The road is twice as long as that one. 這條路是那條路的2倍長(zhǎng)。 (2). 倍數(shù)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：倍數(shù) + adj./adv. 的比較級(jí)+ than.倍數(shù)+ the + 名詞（size,length, height,width.）+ of .This room is twice bigger than mine. 這個(gè)房間是我房間的2倍大。 = This room is twice the size of mine.狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句其連詞有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly hadwhen, scarcely had when, no sooner had than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，條件狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。注意：有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. ) 但：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or 或otherwise， 如：Start at once, or / otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, ) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)whoever, whatever, whichever還可引導(dǎo)名詞從句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 He didnt want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.= He didnt want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.Ill give the books to whoever needs themas引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)置于句首。（though也可以）Tired as he was, he still went on with his workMuch as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy itTry as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有 because, since, as , now thatbecause: 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答why時(shí)用becauseWhy are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.since: “既然.” 表對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.as: “由于.” 語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.for是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接的是兩個(gè)并列的分句，其他三個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句；for不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要用在形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的句子中。 原級(jí) as as not so / as as 比較級(jí): 比較級(jí)+ than 最高級(jí)： 最高級(jí)+in / of /