初一至初三下冊公辦英語教材重點知識.doc

初一下冊重點知識一、語法知識：1）一般現(xiàn)在時： 肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句 第三人稱單數(shù)動詞變化規(guī)律（。）2)情態(tài)動詞can的用法: 肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句 特殊疑問句（What can you do?） 3日期表達法：in 2010；on July 25on 25 July（讀法） 4)時刻表達法：at 10 o clock; at 19:15 ; at 10:30（讀法） 5)序數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞-序數(shù)詞(1-31) 基數(shù)詞：1、319后綴-teen結(jié)尾，單詞有兩個重音。要特別強調(diào)thirteen fifteen eighteen 的發(fā)音和拼寫。2、090后綴-ty結(jié)尾。3、十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間需用連字符號“”。序數(shù)詞：1、詞119除第一（first），第二（second），第三（third）有特殊形式以外，其余均有在基數(shù)詞后加th構(gòu)成。2、意fifth eighth ninth twelfth 的拼寫3、位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:在基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty 中的y變?yōu)閕,然后加eth.4、十幾變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，僅將個位變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，十位數(shù)不變。5、序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6）名詞所有格：teachers room teachers roommy fathers telephone number(讀音) 7)There be .句型的用法There be sb（sth）doing sth地點時間狀語 There are several children swimming in the riverThere is a wallet lying on the ground.二、主要句型：1）When is your birthday? When do you have math?2) What kind of movies do you like? What kind of noodles would you like ?3) What time is it?（Whats the time?）4) Whats your favorite subject? What subject do you like best?5) Why do you like P.E?Because.6) Who is your English teacher?7 )Where are you from? Where do you come from? Where do you live? Whats your address? Wheres the post office?8) There is. ; There are. There isnt. ; There arent. Is there? Are there?9) Here is(a,an). Here are. (Here it is. Here you are.) (notanynotaan no)10) What does he do? Whats she? What do you want to be?11)What size bowl of noodles would you like?12)Do you want? I dont want.13)I think its boring. I dont think its boring.(She thinks its boring)（think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。）I dont think I know you.我想我并不認識你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。三、詞組：get up go to school(work) eat(have)dinner do homework go to bed next to across from in front of have an Art Festival go to a movie(see a movie) on weekends help sb with sth take a bus(taxi)toplay the guitar(piano,drums,trumpet) do Chinese kung fu listen to get home go home take a shower have math(science) on Sunday() at about(round )7 oclock be strict with sb(in sth) call sb at 5669678 be busy(tired;quiet) be friendly to sb(be good with sb) play basketball() write to sb have fun turn left(turn to the left) on the (ones)left(right) in the neighborhood四、任務訓練：1、Ask for and give directions on the street 2、Order food 3. Take about job 4. Talk about countries、nationalities and languages 5. Talk about abilities 6. Talk about dates 7. Talk about daily routines,ask about and say times. 8.Talk about preferences.Give the reasons or make plans. 9.Talk about jobs.五、單詞：1.months of the year:January February March April May June July August September October November December 2.days of the week: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 3.subjects: math science history physical education(P.E.) art music 4.countries:Canada France Japan the United states Australia Singapore the United Kingdom 5.job:doctor reporter policeman waiter bank clerk shop assistant actor 6:movies:a comedy a thriller an action movie a romance 7、animals:tiger elephant koalas dolphin panda lion penguin giraffe 8.food and drink:noodles beef chicken mutton potatoes cabbage dumplings porridge soup green tea orange juice9.place:post office restaurant bank supermarket avenue pay phone park zoo hotel library 初二下冊重點知識一、 語法：1） 形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級：形容詞、副詞比較級、最高級規(guī)則變化句型：He has shorter hair than Sam. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats. Im more outgoing than my sister形容詞、副詞原級比較：Liu Ying is(not)as good at sports as her sister.比較狀語從句:通常由as, than, as (so).as等引導,一般省略從句的謂語部分,只剩下名詞或代詞(用主格或賓格均可)。Jane is much taller than I/me. I dont have as many books as you (do).Which is longer,this ruler or that one?Which is the biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in China.This book is as interesting as that one .He doesnt run asso fast as his brother.Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.The harder you work,the more youll learn.注意以下句子：1、The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.2、 This book isnt as interesting as that one. This book is less interesting than that one.3、This is the shortest of the two roads.(口語) He is the taller of the two.4、He is the tallest student in our class. Nobody else in our class is taller than he (is). He is taller than any other student in our class. any of the other students in our class. any of the others in our class.1、 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. China is larger than any country in Africa.2、 In winter the weather in the north is colder than that in the south. The books on the desk are cheaper than those on the shelf.2) 復習一般過去時、學習動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化:（肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句）初中英語不規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞表（1）AAA型（動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形）cost（花費） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt傷害） hurt hurt let（讓） let let put（放） put put read（讀） read read (2)AAB型（動詞原形與過去式同形） beat（跳動） beat beaten (3)ABA型（動詞原形與過去分詞同形） become（變成）became become come（來） came come 、run（跑） ran run (4)ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形） dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got got hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（懸掛） hung hung hold（抓?。?held held shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat win（贏） won won meet（遇見） met met keep（保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（掃） swept swept feel（感覺） felt felt smell（聞） smelt smelt leave（離開） left left build（建設） built built lend（借出） lent lent send（傳送) sent sent spend（花費） spent spent lose（丟失） lost lost burn（燃燒） burnt burnt learn（學習） learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓?。?caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（帶來） brought brought fight（戰(zhàn)斗） fought fought buy（買） bought bought think（想） thought thought hear（聽見） heard heard sell（賣） sold sold tell（告訴） told told say（說） said said find（找到） found found have/has（有） had had make（制造） made made stand（站） stood stood understand明白 understood understood (5)ABC型（動詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形） begin（開始） began begun drink（喝） drank drunk ring（鈴響） rang rung sing（唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blew blown draw（畫） drew drawn fly（飛） flew flown grow（生長） grew grown know（知道） knew known throw（投擲） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke broken choose（選擇） chose chosen forget（忘記） forgot forgotten(forgot) speak（說，講） spoke spoken wake（醒） woke woke drive（駕駛） drove driven eat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallen give（給） gave given rise（升高） rose risen take（取） took taken mistake（弄錯） mistook mistaken ride（騎） rode ridden write（寫） wrote writtendo（做） did done go（去） went gone lie（平躺） lay lain see（看見） saw seen wear（穿） wore worn be(am,is,are)（是）was,were been3）一般將來時：be going to、willshall-wontshant4) till until的用法I slept until midnight. Wait till I call you. Icantcomeuntiltomorrow.She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.。Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.Untilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit. 5）could 的用法：Could you sweep the floor? Could I borrow the books?(can)6)反意疑問句：It is a nice day, isnt it? It looks like rain,doesnt it?EXERCISES:1.There are few people in the room, ?2.She is too young to go to school, ?3.She can hardly hear you, ?4.Tom has never been to Beijing, ?6.There is little water in the bottle, ?7.There is a tree in front of the building, ?8.Something is wrong with your computer, ?9.Anything is possible in the world, ?10.Everything is ready, ?11.Somebody wants to see you, ?12.Everybody likes her very much, ?13.This is a beautiful picture, ?14.Those arent banana trees, ?15.That is a useful book, ?16.These are nice apples, ?17.Tom has a new watch, ?( )?18.Peter has to help her mother at home, ?19.They had a good time in Beijing, ?20.Wed better stop talking, ?21.Lucy has ever been to Japan, ?22.We need to arrive in America at 8:00, ?23. That girl must be Mary, ?24.It must have rained last night,_?25.Im right, ?26.Listen to me carefully, ?27.Dont play with fire, ?28.Lets go to the park, ?29.Let us help you, ?30.She said he would come tomorrow, ?31.He told us how to find the building, ?32.I think she is a good girl, ?33.They dont think she is right, ?34. We dont think she is right, ?35.Its unfair,_?36. Youd like to go with me, _? 7)復習現(xiàn)在進行時：(現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成)8）have to(has tohad to)-mustYou must stay here until 8 oclock tomorrow morning. You will have to stay here until 8 oclock tomorrow morning. Do you have to stay until 8 oclock?You dont have to worry about your study.You neednt worry about your study .二、句型：1）When were you born? 2)When did she become a movie star? 3)What are you doing for vacation? 4)When areyou going? 5)What are you going to be when you grow up? Im going to be a basketball player. 6)How are you going to do? 7) Could you please? Can you please? 8)Were there any sharks?No, there werent any sharks. 9)Whats today? Whats the date today? 10)Shes a little more outgoing than me. My friend is the same as me.三、 詞組：go to a doctor have a piano lesson too much next week()the day after tomorrow keep quiet(be quiet) the whole day(all day) be freelook the same be good at make sb laugh most of turn on pourintotwo teaspoon of putinto addto two slices of bread go to the beach(aquarium) have a great(good wonderful)timehave funat the end of day off go for a drive (never)tooto spend sometime (in)doingon sth take part in send sb sthsend sth to sbgo fishing(hiking sightseeing shopping swimming) show sb sthshow sth to sbgrow up at the same time all over the world keep fit have a test work oninvite sb to do sth(invite sb to somewhere) take care of do a survey of think about in northern(southern)Chinain the north(south ) of Chinawait in line be friendly to sb feel like sth(doing sth) show aroundbe careful (to do sth) ask sb to do sth tell sb sth (tell sth to sb) cut upnotat all in common mix up major in do chores(do housework)do the laundry(do some washing) do the dishes take out make ones bedlook through come along get along at least get back 四、任務訓練1）Talk about obligations.2) Talk about personal traits.3)Discrible a process.4) Talk about events in the past.5) Talk about famous people.6) Talk about future intentions.7)Make polite requests.Ask for permission.8)Discuss preferences.9)Make small talks.初三下冊重點知識一、 語法：1、 現(xiàn)在完成時:already yet ever never for since )（肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句、劃線提問 how long）1)過去分詞規(guī)則和不規(guī)則的變化。2)延續(xù)動詞與非延續(xù)動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換（for since） leave - be away(from), borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+組織機構(gòu), be a member of+組織機構(gòu), open -be open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, getcatch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), , get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear； hear fromget recieve a letter fromhave a letter closebe closed move to-live ingo to schoolbe a student3)havehas been havehas gone 的區(qū)別4)句型的轉(zhuǎn)換（初三下-初四）He has joined the Party.He has been in the Party for two years(since 2008).(since two years ago).He has been a Party member for two years (since 2008).(since two years ago). Its(has been)two years since he joined the Party. Two years has passed since he joined the Party.一般過去式與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時：強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關系。2）一般現(xiàn)在時：強調(diào)過去的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。I had breakfast at six this morning .I have had breakfast.現(xiàn)在完成進行時：主要是現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，它是現(xiàn)在完成時的強調(diào)形式。 He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock. He has been ringing me up all morning.2. 在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍然在進行，而現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已結(jié)束。The students have been preparing for the exam.(動作還在進行)學生們一直在準備考試。The students have prepared for the exam. 學生們?yōu)榭荚囎隽藴蕚洹?. 有些表示狀態(tài)、感情、感覺的動詞，如：have like hate hear know believe等動詞，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。They have known each other since 1990.(現(xiàn)在完成進行時基本上沒有否定結(jié)構(gòu))2、used to do: used to + do：過去常常表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。 Mother used to be forgetful.Scarf often used(often) to take a walk，but not now.否定式簡寫為usednt usentdidntWe usednt to go there every year. We didnt use to go there every year. 疑問式：1)He used to go to market every Sunday. Used he to go to market every Sunday?No,he usednt to.Yes,he used to.(英) Did He use to go to market every Sunday?No,he didnt.Yes, he did.（美） 2)There used to be a temple on the mountain. Used there to be a temple on the mountain? Did there use to be a temple on the mountain? 3)You used to live in Qingdao,usednt you?didnt you? 4)Usednt you to like it? Didnt you use to like it?used to,would兩者都可以表示過去經(jīng)常重復的動作。在表示過去的習慣時，used to用于較規(guī)則的習慣。此外， used to有時側(cè)重于和現(xiàn)在相對照，既含有過去經(jīng)常怎樣，而今已不怎樣之含義。The old man used to smoke.She used to live in the countryside.would 通常表示過去發(fā)生的習慣動作，多具有一種回想的心情，不含對比的含義，常帶有時間狀語，有時還表示自愿的動作和行為，或表示過去某一令人討厭的習慣動作。She would see him on Sundays.I would ask her for help when I met with difficulties.He would tell the same story over and over again.would表示反復發(fā)生的動作。如果某一動作沒有反復性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。例如： And from that day on， as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice. 從那天起，只要碗盤撤掉、飯桌一清理干凈，媽媽就馬上躲進做針線活的房間練習起來。(具有反復性) I used to live in Beijing 我過去住在北京。(沒有反復性) used to表示過去經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束，would則表示有可能再發(fā)生。如： People used to believe that the earth was flat 過去，人們總以為地球是扁平的。(現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認為)would與used to都不能用來表示動作發(fā)生的具體頻度或具體的一段時間。例如，不能說： （3） I would/used to go to France six times （4）He used to live in Africa for twenty years 上兩句應改成： （5）I went to France six times 我去過法國6次。 （6）He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住過20年。be used to + doing：(be accustomed to) 對已感到習慣，或習慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。 He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步) 3、被動語態(tài)：被動語態(tài)：教師要掌握：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)只有十個，四個完成進行時（現(xiàn)在、過去、將來、過去將來完成進行時）、將來進行時、過去將來進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。1)各時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：amisarepp 一般過去時：waswerepp 一般將來時：shall will be pp 現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been pp 現(xiàn)在進行時：amisarebeingpp 過去將來時：should would be pp 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞bepp2)雙賓語的被動語態(tài)：To:send show bring write tell pay offer teach pass giveFor:make draw order sing get find cook3)動詞make see hear watch notice 等動詞后省掉to 的動詞不定式，變被動語態(tài)要加上to 。I often see Tom come out of the lab.Tom is often seen to come out of the lab.4)復合賓語的被動語態(tài)：只將復合賓語中的邏輯主語變?yōu)橹髡Z，其余部分不變。We found him in the room just now.He was found in the room just now.5)主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞為短語動詞時，改為被動語態(tài)時，要注意不要漏掉介詞或副詞，以保持短語動詞的完整性。They took good care of these books .These books were taken good care of by them.(Good care was taken of these books by them)注意以下句子的被動語態(tài)：1、 Our town has built a lot of buildings in the past few years.A lot of buildings have been built in our town in the last few years.2、 I had to do my homework at home. My homework had to be done at home .3、 He happened to meet Tom in the street.Tom happened to be met in the street.4、 We used to do it this way.It used to be done this way.5、John seems to told Mary something about the accident.Mary seems to be told something about the accident. 6、Nobody has ever spoken to me like that.I have never been spoken to like that.7、Who has broken the cup？By whom has t