初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)習(xí)題1名詞.doc

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)習(xí)題 一、名詞（n.） 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)的詞（一）名詞的分類(lèi)名詞分為普通名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞（表示一類(lèi)人或物的個(gè)體。如：boy,desk,cat,window）和集體名詞（由若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如：family,class,police）。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞（表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如：water,paper,silk,money）和抽象名詞（表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework）專(zhuān)有名詞表示個(gè)人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States） （二）名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：（1）一般情況下,在詞尾加s.eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys以輕輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為s，以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為z。（2）以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要在詞尾加es.eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes（es讀音為iz（3）以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加es.eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentarydocumentaries,countrycountries,strawberrystrawberries（ies讀音為iz）（注：以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)情況如下：,.tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes, heroheroes negro negroes mongomongoesp結(jié)尾是兩個(gè)元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios某些外來(lái)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞尾加s,eg. pianopianos一些名詞的縮寫(xiě)形式變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，詞尾加s,eg.photo（photograph）photos,kilo（kilogram）kilos zero變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes（5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es.eg.wifewives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thiefthieves（res讀音為vz（注意：roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs； scarf的復(fù)數(shù)為scarfsscarves）（6）有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,OxOxen（公牛）（7）還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish（8）另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors另外,當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般用單數(shù)。eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg.two men teachers,three women doctors可用“量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。（1）表不定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用much,（a）little,a lot oflots of,some,any等詞修飾。eg,much money,a little bread（2）表確定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如：twothree+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。eg： fruit水果fruits表示不同種類(lèi)的水果；food食物foods各種食品；fish魚(yú)fishes魚(yú)的種類(lèi)；drink飲料、酒a drink一杯一份飲料、一杯酒； cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙灘； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken雞肉a chicken小雞；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡； paper紙a paper試卷、論文；wood木頭a wood小森林；room空間、余地a room房間（三）名詞的所有格（表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系）（1）有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國(guó)家等的名詞所有格。不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加s.eg.Mikes watch；Womens Day以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí),只加。eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s.eg.Tom and Mikes room湯姆和邁克的房間（表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房）兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加s.eg.Marys and Jennys bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(chē)（表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車(chē)）（2）無(wú)生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room（3）特殊形式可用s和of短語(yǔ)表示的名詞所有格eg.the boys name=the name Of the boy（男孩的名字）the dogs legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）Chinas population=the population Of China（中國(guó)的人口）Chinas capital=the capital of China（中國(guó)的首都）雙重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友a(bǔ) picture of Toms湯姆的一張圖片6練習(xí)題1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used B. C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A.tomatosB. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A.some advices B.someadvice C.an adviceD.a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3 In the picture there are many_ and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( ) 4 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )3 Children should make_for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works7( ) 1 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers B. C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number111. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms12( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys( ) 3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( ) 4 Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years( ) 2 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds14( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house15( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends16( ) 1 Sydney is a city of_.A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan( ) 2 My father likes buying us _.A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents( ) 3 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name( )