商務(wù)英語章節(jié)練習(xí)題.doc

各章節(jié)練習(xí)題Chapter 1一、名詞解釋：1.economics （P2）2.microeconomics（P2） 3. macroeconomics（P2） 4. scarcity（P2） 5.opportunity cost（P3） 6.economic goods（P5）7.economic services（P5）8. factors of production（P5） 9. natural resources（P5） 10. capital goods（P6） 11. labor（P6） 12.entrepreneurship（P7）二、詞組互譯：1.economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 2.microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 3. macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 4. scarcity稀缺 5.opportunity cost機(jī)會成本 6.down payment首付 7. economic goods經(jīng)濟(jì)物品8.economic services經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù) 9. factors of production生產(chǎn)要素 10.productive capacity生產(chǎn)能力 11.natural resources自然資源12.capital goods資本貨物 13. labor勞動力 14.entrepreneurship企業(yè)家才能 15.consumer goods消費品16. finished products成品 17.human resources人力資源 18.business failure經(jīng)營失敗 19.managerial skills管理技能 20.financial gains財政收益 21.earn a profit賺取利潤 22.production unit生產(chǎn)單位 23.Economic Systems經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng) 24.national economy國民經(jīng)濟(jì) 25.segmented economies分割經(jīng)濟(jì) 26.Command Economy指令性經(jīng)濟(jì)27.planned economies計劃經(jīng)濟(jì) 28.Market Economy市場經(jīng)濟(jì) 29.privately owned natural resources and capital goods私人擁有的自然資源和資本貨物 30.purchasing power購買力 31.modern industrial economies現(xiàn)代工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)32.national defence國防 33.unemployment and inflation失業(yè)和通貨膨脹三、填空題：1.Economists often divide the study of economics into two separate categories: microeconomics、macroeconomics.2. There are two important components to this definition: limited resources and unlimited wants. Together they form what is known as the problem of scarcity, which is the most basic of all economic problems. 3.Economists use the term opportunity cost to refer to the next best alternative that is given up when a decision is made to use resources in a particular way. 4. Factors of production, which are also called productive resources, are the basic resources needed for the production of economic goods and services. Economists, traditionally, have divided the factors of production into three basic categories: (1) natural resources; (2)capital goods; (3)labor. In addition, many economists add a fourth factor of production, entrepreneurship, to the list.5.Land, air, water, forests, coal, iron ore, oil, and other minerals are examples of natural resources. 6.Factories, machines, tools, railroads, and business buildings are all examples of capital goods.7.The work of a janitor, teacher, lawyer, engineer, and the governor of your state are all examples of labor.8.Entrepreneurship may be defined as the function of combining and organizing natural resources, capital goods, and labor.9.Command economies are often called planned economies because the government engages in elaborate, detailed planning. 10.In traditional economies, the basic economic questions of “what”, “how” and “for whom” are answered by people involved, and the answers are usually based on tradition ;In command economies, the basic economic questions are answered by government officials; In market economies, basic economic questions are answered by individual households、businesses through a system a of freely operating markets. 四、問答題：1.Whats the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics? （P2）2.Give examples to opportunity cost. （P3-4）3.How many factors of production are there in the economic field? （P5）4.What are the differences between capital goods and consumer goods? （P6）5. Basically how many kinds of economic systems are there in the world? （P9）6.What are the three basic economic questions that every nation must answer? （P9）Chapter 2一、名詞解釋：1.international business國際商務(wù)（P17） 2.international trade國際貿(mào)易（P19） 3.MNE(multinational enterprises/ multinational firms) 跨國公司（P57）4.merchandise exports商品出口（P23）5.merchandise imports商品進(jìn)口（P23）6.visible exports and imports有形進(jìn)出口 7.turnkey operation交鑰匙業(yè)務(wù)（P24）8.management contracts管理合同 9.licensing agreements許可協(xié)議 10.franchising特許11.Foreign investment外商投資12.direct investment直接投資（P24） 13.portfolio investment證券投資（P25） 14.joint venture合資企業(yè)（此處是部分名詞解釋，部分為詞組互譯）二、詞組互譯：1.commercial transactions商業(yè)交易 2.obtain profit獲取利潤 3.commercial activities商業(yè)活動 4. circulation of goods, capital, services, employees and technology商品，資本，服務(wù)，雇員和技術(shù)流通 5.intellectual property知識產(chǎn)權(quán) 6.licensing許可7.franchising特許8.physical and financial assets實物和金融資產(chǎn) 9.Contract manufacturing合同制造生產(chǎn) 10.warehousing and distribution systems倉儲和分配制度 11.logistics物流 12.globalization全球化 13.social norms社會規(guī)范 14.extra-territorial operations域外行動 15. internationalization of business業(yè)務(wù)國際化 16.business managerial efficiency企業(yè)管理效率17.overseas investments海外投資 18.foreign manufacturing外國制造業(yè) 19. mass communication大眾傳播20.cargo insurance貨物保險 21.multinational firms跨國公司22.external economy2外部經(jīng)濟(jì) 23.strategic global alliances全球戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟 24. retailing and wholesaling零售和批發(fā) 25.flow of goods貨物流通 26.sales and purchases of goods貨物的購銷 27.foreign direct investment外國直接投資 28.economic isolationism經(jīng)濟(jì)孤立主義 29.global market全球市場 30.human capital人力資本 31.joint ventures合資企業(yè) 32.employment opportunities就業(yè)機(jī)會 33.entrepreneurial skills企業(yè)家才能 34.carry out business開展業(yè)務(wù) 35.mode of operation運作模式 36.visible exports and imports有形進(jìn)出口 37.international revenue and expenditures國際收入和支出 38.non-product international earnings非產(chǎn)品的國際收益 39.Performance of Services給與服務(wù)40.management services管理服務(wù) 41.net companies earnings公司的凈盈利 42.turn-key operation交鑰匙業(yè)務(wù) 43.management contracts管理合同 44.licensing agreements許可協(xié)議 45.franchise contracts特許經(jīng)營合同 46.financial return財務(wù)收益 47. direct investment直接投資 48.portfolio investment證券投資 49.controlling interest控制股權(quán)50. foreign direct investment (FDI) 外國直接投資 51.mixed venture混合投資 52.non-controlling interest非控股權(quán)益 53.short-term financial gains短期的財政收益 54.merchandise export and import商品出口和進(jìn)口55.visible exports and imports有形進(jìn)出口 56.foreign-owned facilities外資機(jī)構(gòu)57.liberalization of governmental policies政府政策的自由化 58.global competition全球競爭 59.e-commerce sales電子商務(wù)銷售 60.conduct business開展業(yè)務(wù) 61.Supporting Services支助性業(yè)務(wù)62.bank credit agreements銀行信貸協(xié)議 63.clearing arrangements清算安排 64.world output世界產(chǎn)出 65.foreign opportunities外國機(jī)會 66.international divisions國際分工 67.newly industrialized countries新型工業(yè)化國家 68. International economics and finance國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和金融69.strategic management戰(zhàn)略管理 三、填空題：1.International business involves commercial activities that cross national frontiers.2.Cross-border transaction in intellectual property by means of licensing and franchising: a.patents; b:trade marks; c.know-how; d.copyright materials.3.In a word, the transactions involved in international business chiefly include sales, investment, and logistics. 4. International business includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also the growing service industry; on the other hand, international trade is chiefly concerned with sales and purchases of goods.5.We might say that, relatively speaking, international business is on a more macro level while international trade is on a more micro level.6.It can be seen that international business, both as an opportunity and a challenge, is particularly important and necessary to countries, companies, and individuals.7.When companies allow others to use their assets, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights, or expertise under contracts, also known as licensing agreements, they receive earnings called royalties，which also come from franchise contracts. 8.Foreign investment means ownership of foreign property in exchange for financial return, such as interest、 dividends. 9. Foreign investment takes two forms:direct investment and portfolio investment.10.Usually a portfolio investment takes one of two forms:stock in a company or loans to a company or country in the form of bonds, or notes that the investor purchases. And Companies use portfolio investments primarily for short-term financial gains. 四、問答題：1.What is international business usually related to? （P17）2.Why is international business important and necessary and why should we study international business? （P21）3.What are the differences between international business and international trade? （P1920）4. What three major forms do service exports and imports take？（P2324）5.What two forms does foreign investment take？（P2425）6. Why has recent international business been growing fast? （P2628）Chapter 3一、名詞解釋：1.sole proprietorship（P37） 2.partnership（P40） 3.general partnership（P40） 4.limited partnership（P40） 5.joint venture（P40） 6. corporation（P43）7.private corporation（P44） 8.public corporation（P44） 9.dividends （P44）二、詞組互譯：1.sole proprietorship個體企業(yè) 2.single-owned companies一人公司, 獨資公司 3.outstanding accounts欠帳 4.Financial reports會計報告，財務(wù)報告 5.listed corporations上市公司 6. personal income tax個人所得稅 7. corporate tax rates公司稅率 8. Unlimited Liability無限責(zé)任 9. personal assets個人資產(chǎn) 10.limited sources of funds有限的資金來源 11.credit squeeze or drop貸款緊縮下降 12.retain qualified employees留住合格員工13.partnership合營公司，合伙公司 14. general partnership無限責(zé)任合伙經(jīng)營；普通合伙公司 15. limited partnership有限責(zé)任合伙經(jīng)營；有限合伙公司 16. general partner無限責(zé)任合伙人；合伙企業(yè)中負(fù)無限責(zé)任的合伙人 17. assume unlimited liability承擔(dān)無限責(zé)任 18. service-oriented partnerships服務(wù)型的合伙 19.financial planning財務(wù)規(guī)劃 20.credit ratings信用評級21. fulfill the obligations盡義務(wù) 22.enter into a partnership agreement簽訂合作協(xié)議23.dissolve a partnership解散企業(yè)24. fulfill contractual agreements履行合同協(xié)議25. owner conflict所有權(quán)人沖突 26. dissolve successful business解散成功的企業(yè) 27.publicly owned corporations公有企業(yè)；公眾性公司28.fair value公允價值 29. legal entity法人實體 30. enter into contracts訂立契約 31.incorporated businesses股份有限公司 32.financial reports會計報告,財務(wù)報告 33. stock offering股票發(fā)行 34. proceeds of the sale of stock股票銷售收益 35. public corporation公開招股的公司 36.common stock普通股 37.common shareholders普通股股東 38.board of directors董事會39. dividend payments分紅，股利支付 40.retained earnings留存收益 41.preferred stock優(yōu)先股 42.profitability of a business企業(yè)收益率43.pre-incorporation contracts公司成立前合約 44.voting stock有表決權(quán)的股票 45.financial capital金融資本 46.standing committees常務(wù)委員會 47.issue stock發(fā)行股票 48.cover liabilities承保責(zé)任 49.principal officer 50. separate legal entity單獨的法律實體 51.declare bankruptcy宣告破產(chǎn) 52.Transferring Ownership財產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給;過戶 53.stock exchange證券交易所 54.ready market現(xiàn)成的市場 55.liquidates assets清算資產(chǎn) 56.sources of financing籌措資金的渠道 57.economical production methods經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)方法 58.fringe benefits附加福利 59.pricing arrangements定價安排 60.taxable income須納稅的收入 61.after-tax corporate profits納稅后公司利潤 62. double taxation雙重課稅 63.Filing fees申請費 三、填空題：1.There are three basic types of partnership：general partnership，limited partnership，and joint venture.2.A corporation may be privately owned or publicly owned. 3.A public corporation issues certificates of ownership, called common stock, that may be traded on stock exchanges. 4.Preferred stockholders receive a fixed dividend before common stockholders receive any dividends on their shares. 5. The individuals creating the corporation are known as incorporators.四、問答題：1.What are advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships? （P37-39）2.What are the three types of partnership? Whatre their differences? （P40）3.What are advantages and disadvantages of partnerships? （P41）4.How is a corporation different from a partnership or a proprietorship? (自己總結(jié)：從各自的概念入手)5. What are the differences between common stock and preferred stock? （P44-45）6. What are advantages and disadvantages of corporations? （P48-51）Chapter 4一、名詞解釋：1.multinational corporations (MNCs) （P57） 2.intra-firm trade （P57）二、詞組互譯：1.multinational corporations (MNCs) 跨國公司2.intra-firm trade公司內(nèi)貿(mào)易 3.parent firm母公司 4.foreign affiliate外國子公司 5.yearly sales年銷售額 6.national income國民收入 7.managerial expertise管理經(jīng)驗 8.financial institution金融機(jī)構(gòu) 9.strategic vision戰(zhàn)略視野 10.competitive advantage比較優(yōu)勢11.vertical integration縱向結(jié)合12.horizontal integration橫向結(jié)合13.intermediate product中間產(chǎn)品 14.monopoly power壟斷力量15.economy of scale規(guī)模效應(yīng)16.finance large projects為大工程提供資金17.funnel information匯集信息18.oligopolist市場供應(yīng)壟斷者 19.tax holidays免稅期 20.host nation東道國 21.transfer pricing制定轉(zhuǎn)帳價格;調(diào)撥定價 22.home country母國23semiskilled production job半熟練生產(chǎn)工作 24.clerical job文書工作 25.technological superiority技術(shù)優(yōu)勢 26.technological lead技術(shù)領(lǐng)先27.tax revenues賦稅收入,稅收 28.tax base計稅基數(shù)(課稅基礎(chǔ)) 29.monetary policy貨幣政策 30.Foreign domination外國統(tǒng)治 31.tight domestic credit conditions國內(nèi)信貸緊縮狀況 32.R&D funds研究與開發(fā)資金 33.entrepreneurial talent企業(yè)家才能 34.tariff benefits關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠 35.tax avoidance避稅 36.capital-intensive production資本密集型生產(chǎn) 37.labor-abundant developing nations勞動力豐富的發(fā)展中國家三、填空題：1.The basic reason for the existence of MNCs is the competitive advantage of a global network of production and distribution. 2.By vertical and horizontal integration with foreign affiliates, by taking advantage of economies of scale , and by being in a better position than purely national firms to control the environment in which they operate, MNCs have grown to become the most prominent form of private international economic organizations in existence today.四、問答題：1.What are the main characteristics of a multinational corporation? （P57）2.What are the reasons for the existence of multinational corporations? （P58）3.What are competitive advantages of multinational corporations? （P58）4.What are the major possible effects of MNCs on the home country? （P61-62）5.What are the major possible harmful effects of MNCs on the host country? （P63-64）Chapter5一、名詞解釋：1.international trade （P71） 2.visible trade （P71） 3.invisible trade （P71） 4.absolute advantage（P74） 5.comparative advantage（P75）二、詞組互譯：1.foreign trade對外貿(mào)易 2.tangible goods有形貨物 3.visible trade有形貿(mào)易 4.win-win deal雙贏協(xié)議 5.industrial raw materials工業(yè)原材料 6.stock-ownership certificate股權(quán)證(明)書7.consumer services消費者服務(wù) 8.uneven distribution of resources資源分配不均9.Capital Resources資本資源 10.manufactured goods制成品 11.comparative advantage比較優(yōu)勢 12.rates of exchange匯率13.utilization of underemployed domestic resources利用國內(nèi)資源不足 14.insufficient internal demand內(nèi)部需求不足 15.economies of scale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) 16.flow of capital資本流動 17.capital goods資本貨物18.consumer goods消費品 19.extend the life of products延長產(chǎn)品的生命 20. growth of economy經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 21.vital industry重要行業(yè) 22.infant industry幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè) 23.mature industry成熟產(chǎn)業(yè) 24.labor-intensive industry勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) 25.revenue tariff關(guān)稅收入 26.protection tariff保護(hù)關(guān)稅 27.import surtax進(jìn)口附加稅 28.dumping傾銷 29.Countervailing duty反補貼稅30.Anti-dumping duty反傾銷稅 31.Variable levy差價(額)稅32.mixed or compound duty混合或復(fù)合稅33.alternative duty選擇稅 34.absolute quota絕對配額35.Import License進(jìn)口許可證 36.State Monopoly of Import and Export國家壟斷進(jìn)出口 37.Government Procurement Policy政府采購政策 38.Foreign Exchange Control 外匯管制39.Advanced Deposit (進(jìn)口)押金制度, 進(jìn)口存款制40.HealthSanitary Regulations健康與衛(wèi)生條例41.Packaging and Labeling Regulations包裝和標(biāo)簽法規(guī)42.Minimum Price最低限價制 43.Monetary Conversion貨幣兌換 43. Division of labor勞動分工44. specific duty從量稅 45. Non-Tariff Barriers非關(guān)稅壁壘制 46. customs quota關(guān)稅配額 47. bilateral agreement雙邊協(xié)定三、填空題：1. International trade can also be understood as export and import of goods or technology or services.2. The purchase and sales of goods are called visible trade, and the purchase and sale of services and technology is called invisible trade.3.Absolute Advantage was put forward by Adam Smith, while Comparative Advantage was put forward by David Ricardo.4.Kinds of restrictions imposed by countries include tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.四、問答題：1.What is international trade? （P71）2.What are the economic reasons for international trade? （P74-75）3.Explain absolute advantage. （P74）4. Explain comparative advantage. （P75）5.What are the benefits of international trade? （P79）6.What are tariff barriers? What are non-tariff barriers? （P81-82）Chapter6一、名詞解釋：1.WTO （P90） 2.GATT（P90） 3.tariff-free trade 4.non-tariff measure 5.intellectual property （P122）二、詞組互譯：1.the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定 2.multilateral trading system多邊貿(mào)易體系 3.tariff reductions關(guān)稅減讓 4.non-tariff measures非關(guān)稅措施 5.tariff-free trade無關(guān)稅貿(mào)易 6.information technology products信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)品 7.Ministerial Conference部長會議 8.transparency in government procurement政府采購?fù)该鞫?9.intellectual property知識產(chǎn)權(quán) 10.administer trade agreements管理貿(mào)易協(xié)議 11.settle trade disputes解決貿(mào)易爭端 12.regional trade agreements地區(qū)貿(mào)易協(xié)定 13.director-general總干事，理事長 14.customs duty rates進(jìn)口稅率 15.non-discriminatory trading system非岐視貿(mào)易體系 16.umbrella agreement總協(xié)定 17.General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定 18. Dispute Settlement Understanding爭端解決非正式協(xié)議 19.The Trade Policy Review Mechanism 貿(mào)易政策審議機(jī)制 20.inter-governmental agencies政府間機(jī)構(gòu) 21.market economies市場經(jīng)濟(jì)三、填空題：1. WTOcame into being in 1995, the successor of GATT.2.The WTO agreements mainly focus on Goods/Serices/intellectual property/dispute settlement/policy review.四、問答題：1.Whats the relationship between the WTO and the GATT? （P90）2.When did the WTO come into being? （P90）3.When did the GATT come into being? （P90）4.How does the WTO achieve its objectives? （P94第二行）5.Know something about the WTO.Chapter7一、名詞解釋：1.criminal law（P105） 2.criminal law （P105） 3.public law （P105） 4.Private law（P105） 5. Common law（P106） 6.tort（P106）二、詞組互譯：1.criminal law刑法 2.civil law民法 3.violation of criminal law違反刑法 4.public law公法, 國際公法 5.constitutional law 6.International law憲法 7.private law私法 8.business law商法；商事法 9.common law習(xí)慣法 10.Statutory law成文法 11.administrative law行政法 12.case law判例法 13.anti-trust laws反托拉斯法 14. infant industry新生行業(yè) 15.treaties, conventions and agreements條約和協(xié)定 16.enforce a contract執(zhí)行（實施）合同 17.void (invalidate) the agreement宣布合同無效 contractual capacity訂約能力 18.enter into a binding contract訂立有法律約束力的契約 19.convey title to real estate轉(zhuǎn)移房產(chǎn)所有權(quán) 20.breach of contract違約；違背契約 21.law of property物權(quán)法 22.real property不動產(chǎn) 23.personal property個人財產(chǎn) 24.tangible property有形資產(chǎn) 25.intangible property無形資產(chǎn) 26.transfer property ownership轉(zhuǎn)讓財產(chǎn)所有權(quán) 28.extended payment延期支付 28.law of torts 民事侵權(quán)法 29.liability insurance責(zé)任保險三、填空題：1. Laws are categorized as either criminal or civil. 2.In the United States, three major sources of the law include:Common Law/Statutory Law/Administrative Law. Common Law or case law is unwrittenStatutory Law, by contrast, is explicitly written. 3.One similarity of torts and crimes is that both are wrongful conduct. Another difference between torts a