3000字機(jī)械英文翻譯.doc

hoist Crane Have material to carry the important component is having become human being industry, the history being more than five thousand years away from now already. Degree rise expanding, automating with producing scales, as important material flitting equipment crane application is more and more broad in modernized procedure of production, the effect is bigger and bigger, the request to the crane is also more and more higher. The crane is experiencing gigantic one transforming.Since commercial run scale ceaselessness expands , the efficacy improves gradually, increase by gradually as well as material loads and unloads the what cost takes up proportion carrying in product procedure of production, urge large-scale or high-speed crane need amounts to increase by unceasingly. And batch of weight is bigger and bigger, the operating rate is more and more high, bring forward higher request to energy consumption and reliability. The crane already becomes important link in automatic production technological process. The crane asks the easy to handle, easy upkeep, moreover security to be close friends not only, reliability needs height, demand to have outstanding durability, the sex fault-free, being maintained and to use economy. In the world is at present maximal the crane roaming gets weight amount to 6,500 t, the maximal crawler crane gets weight amount to 3,000 t, the maximal bridge crane gets weight be 1,200 t, the maximum loading and unloading the bridge handcart near container the bank runs speed already amount to 350 m/min , that the stacking crane maximum runs speed is 240 m/min , speed amounts to 100 m/min starting from when the refuse disposal uses a cranes.Industry mode of production and diversity of consumer need, the marketplace using the special use crane expands unceasingly, breed renews also unceasingly, satisfy peculiar need, bring the optimum efficacy into play out with proper function. The metallurgy, examines the electricity , paper making , the refuse disposal special use crane for instance , explosion protection , antisepsis , insulation crane are in the past more strong comparing with the railroad , boat and ship , container special use crane function escalation , ceaseless rise of function , adaptability. The Germany Damage company has developed out one kind of aircraft keeping the special use crane taking good care of in repair, has opened up sale in international market. The span is big, batch, the altitude is big, but the fault strides over, the accuracy parking is taller than on this crane being installed in building structure. Installation has many festivals to stretch out and draw back a conduit pipe below lifting handcart, the platform being maintained with the aircraft is linked together, may do 360 degree of revolution together. Displacement , conduit pipe promotion and demotion and revolution by the cart and the handcart may make the platform being maintained get to any aircraft location , the sum carrying out the aircraft upkeep is mend , extremely rapid convenient.Use modularization to design the complete machine design procedures replace tradition, the identical with upper crane function basic component , component and part are made from having various use, have the identical linkup key element to compose in reply a standard module interchangeable, mutuality by being unlike a module constitutes, form the crane being unlike the type and specification. Be in progress to the crane improvement, need specifically for some several modules. The module designing the new model crane, needing selecting and using diversity carries out combination again. The module changing Cheng having batches suitable produces the crane may make a stick mass-produce for a short time, high efficiency specialization of different parts of production, the enterprise childbirth organize realization also may become module administration from management of product. Reach the improvement complete machine function , reduce cost of manufacture , improve be applied or used universally degree, uses be composed of many breeds , many specification series of products of less specification numbers component and part, to satisfy the consumer need sufficiently.At present, Germany , United Kingdom , France , USA and Japanese famous crane company have adopt crane modularization design all already , have got and notable beneficial result. The standard of Germany Damage company crane series switches over to use modularization to design the day after tomorrow is 12% lower compared with the design cost that the stick designs, cost of production comes down 45%, the economic effect is very considerable. One kind of KBK flexibility combination style the Germany Damage company has been developed flies a crane , the crane steel structure is composed of cold rolling type track , the crane runs a circuit but strides over , is changed into gauge along producing a process flow having arbitrarily, arranged a fork to make turn , but had. All components all may realize mass production, the route need and concrete material still different according to the consumer are carried becomes various component combination collocation namely within short time. . This crane compositionality is very good, operation can fully utilize conveniently, space, working cost are low. Have hand movement , the voluntarily various form , can be composed of suspension system , Shan flying the crane , pair of beams fly the crane , cantilever crane , light portal crane and hand movement stacking crane , can be composed of large-scale automation material carrying system even.The batches cranes are that usage, the job are not very strenuous in the occasion being applied or used universally. This kind of crane batches big , are widely used, think that the heddle agrees well with beneficial result considerably , require that the crane reduces external form to the full facilitating structure highly, diminish the self-respect and wheel-pressure , also, may make the entire building come down highly , build structure light , reduce cost of construction. The therefore electric bottle gourd bridge crane and the dyadic beam lifting chance have quicker development, small tonnage in major part being replaced together sort use bridge crane. The Germany Damage company several tens years of exploitation and FOAK passes, series having already formed a light dyadic combination standard crane. Get weight for the rank working 1-63 tons, is A1-A7, pair of beams wait for the entire series to be breed composition more by I-shaped and box type Shan , suspension box shape Shan , angle-type handcart box shape Shan and box shape. The main beam and the end beam connect with as well as lifting handcart arrangement has the various pattern, may be suitable to the request being unlike a building and being unlike sling height. According to consumer need, every kind of specification crane has three kinds Shan speed and provides the speed regulation choosing arbitrarily, being able to select and use frequency conversion three kinds of pair quickly. Control way having floor door proper motion displacement, door to follow handcart displacement, door fixed, wireless remote control, drivers cage fixation , drivers cage to follow seven kinds such as handcart displacement , drivers cage proper motion displacement to choose. The cart and the handcart current supply have the cable handcart to conduct electricity, DVS system grows way. Choosing an item much like this, may arrange hundreds and thousands of kind of crane in groups, satisfy different need of consumer sufficiently by different combination. This crane another maximal merit is light, the self-respect is light, wheel-pressure is light, external form the dimension is highly small , may reduce workshop building construction cost greatly , may diminish the crane operation power and run cost at the same time also. Start to compare, weight with the general goods being 10 t , spans 22.5 ms, the pair of dyadic beam bridge cranes self-respect being applied or used universally is 24 t, above crane track face highly 1876 mms , crane width 5980 mms; Damage crane self-respect has only had 8.7 t , weight has made light of 176%, the crane has reduced 104% highly above track face for 920 mms, crane has been 2980 mms in width, external form the dimension decreases by 100%.Crane renewal and development, depend on electric drive and the improvement controlling to a great extent. The machinery technology and the electron technology is looked at and appraised being tied in wedlock, drive and applying advanced computer art , microelectronics technology , electric power electron technology , optical cable technology , hydraulic pressure technology , blurred control technique to machinery, realize the crane automation and intellectualized. The new large-scale high-effect crane generation electric control device already develops for entire electron digitization. Be composed of entire digitization equipment such as controlling a driving device, may weave the program controller , malfunction diagnose and data management system , digitize controlling given detecting mainly. Data communication , the malfunction control varying voltage frequency conversion speed regulation , radio frequency from examining supervisory control , slings for lifting loads guarding against mixing up swaying , laser seeks the centre of gravity craning a thing , near field induction guards against the collision technology , the scene highway , carrier wave communication and controlling , there being no the contact current supply and three-dimensional bar code technology and so on will be applied broadly. Make a crane have higher flexibility, level producing a pattern , improving the automation of single with the flexibility being suitable to much little batch batches. Priority develops the high-performance centering on microprocessor electric drive device , make a crane have good speed regulation county moving characteristic property , may carry out auto control , automation display and precis writer handling, working crane automation protection and automation detecting, remote peculiar occasion remote control waits, to adapt to the automatic production need.Adopt laser aid to seek the centre-of-gravity position craning a things for instance, the device jacket has an ultrasonic sensor to lead to fetch the thing device grabbing a goods voluntarily in fetching a thing. The automation guards against slings for lifting loads swaying system can 200 mmin , acceleration make the thing craning sway amplitude cutting till several millimeters very quickly in running speed under condition. The crane may fix position by the fact that the magnetic field converter or laser reaches high-accuracy. Assemble near field induced system on the crane, mutuality between may avoid a crane crashes. Have assembled certainly diagnose PC supervisory control system on the crane , have been systems turn to be able to provide most routine defending examination content, if gear case paints the temperature , oil level , the carriage wheel axle bearing temperature, and crane loading , strain shaking condition, arrester friction lining life-span and temperature situation etc.Machinery is composed of a material on basis automating in crane single, by the fact that the computer transports various lifting carrying integrated system, controlling by the central control room, production facility is organically combined and , the childbirth system harmonizes and composition. This kind of crane automation degree high , has the information processing function, the various information may a sensor be checked coming out puts memory , arithmetic, logic treatment treating such as judging , varying into practice , issue a control command then to actuating mechanism. This kind of crane has the fairly good information entering, output interface, realizes all, accurate , reliable transmission in carrying integrated system in entire material of information. The crane passes system integration, can form the best match and combination that be unlike machine grows, adopt strong points while overcoming ones weak points , bring the best efficacy into play. Priority develops at present have a factory to give birth to a child carrying automatic system, flexibility processes fabrication system , the commerce goods distribution collects and distributes system , the container loads and unloads doing the automation sorting wrapping up a goods and carrying system and so on carrying system , traffic and post and telecommunications branch.System the automation producing the engineering machinery USA Carter Pile company metal structures plant for instance having bought a material giving first place to the bridge crane is carried, gushing being used for steel plate handles, cutting and the automation being put in storage load and unload the availability carrying school assignment, adopt single operation than former to have improved 65%. The Japan small river Kawasaki factory uses the material that the full-automatic bridge crane is composed of to transport the working procedure or storehouse coming to carry flexibility processing upper line clamp and work piece system , being that the machine tool conveys a blank or the good with treating part delivers to time as soon as. That the system these crane moving in space is carried has replace the automatic guide be put into use generally in the past to carry vehicle, makes workshops floor area be fully utilized. Structure aspect adopt thin-wall the section bar and steel, cut down the architectural montage brazing seam, rise resist weary function. Adopt various high strength low-alloy steel new materials, improve load support capability, improve accepting force condition, the external form lightening a self-respect and increasing by is beautiful. The bridge crane span structure pattern adopt box shape four beams structure mostly, the main beam and the end beam adopt high-strength bolt link up, is easy to transport and assemble.起重機(jī) 有物料搬運(yùn)成了人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的重要組成部分，距今已有五千多年的發(fā)展歷史。隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，自動(dòng)化程度的提高，作為物料搬運(yùn)重要設(shè)備的起重機(jī)在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣，作用愈來(lái)愈大，對(duì)起重機(jī)的要求也越來(lái)越高。起重機(jī)正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)巨大的變 革。 由于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，生產(chǎn)效率日益提高，以及產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中物料裝卸搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用所占比例逐漸增加，促使大型或高速起重機(jī)的需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)。起重量越來(lái)越大，工作速度越來(lái)越高，并對(duì)能耗和可靠性提出更高的要求。起重機(jī)已成為自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)流程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。起重機(jī)不但要容易操作，容易維護(hù)，而且安全性要好，可靠性要高，要求具有優(yōu)異的耐久性、無(wú)故障性、維修性和使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性。目前世界上最大的浮游起重機(jī)起重量達(dá)6，500t，最大的履帶起重機(jī)起重量達(dá)3，000t，最大的橋式起重機(jī)起重量為1，200t，集裝箱岸邊裝卸橋小車(chē)的最大運(yùn)行速度已達(dá)350m/min，堆垛起重機(jī)最大運(yùn)行速度是240m/min，垃圾處理用起重機(jī)的起升速度達(dá)100m/min 。 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和用戶(hù)需求的多樣性，使專(zhuān)用起重機(jī)的市場(chǎng)不斷擴(kuò)大，品種也不斷更新，以特有的功能滿(mǎn)足特殊的需要，發(fā)揮出最佳的效用。例如冶金、核電、造紙、垃圾處理的專(zhuān)用起重機(jī)，防爆、防腐、絕緣起重機(jī)和鐵路、船舶、集裝箱專(zhuān)用起重機(jī)的功能不斷增加，性能不斷提高，適應(yīng)性比以往更強(qiáng)。德國(guó)德馬格公司研制出一種飛機(jī)維修保養(yǎng)的專(zhuān)用起重機(jī)，在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)打開(kāi)了銷(xiāo)路。這種起重機(jī)安裝在房屋結(jié)構(gòu)上，跨度大、起升高度大、可過(guò)跨、停車(chē)精度高。在起重小車(chē)下面安裝有多節(jié)伸縮導(dǎo)管，與飛機(jī)維修平臺(tái)相連，并可作360度旋轉(zhuǎn)。通過(guò)大車(chē)和小車(chē)的位移、導(dǎo)管的升降與旋轉(zhuǎn)可使維修平臺(tái)到達(dá)飛機(jī)的任一部位，進(jìn)行飛機(jī)的維護(hù)和修理，極為快捷方便。 用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法，將起重機(jī)上功能基本相同的構(gòu)件、部件和零件制成有多種用途，有相同聯(lián)接要素和可互換的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊，通過(guò)不同模塊的相互組合，形成不同類(lèi)型和規(guī)格的起重機(jī)。對(duì)起重機(jī)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，只需針對(duì)某幾個(gè)模塊。設(shè)計(jì)新型起重機(jī)，只需選用不同模塊重新進(jìn)行組合?？墒箚渭∨可a(chǎn)的起重機(jī)改換成具有相當(dāng)批量的模塊生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率的專(zhuān)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)組織也可由產(chǎn)品管理變?yōu)槟K管理。達(dá)到改善整機(jī)性能，降低制造成本，提高通用化程度，用較少規(guī)格數(shù)的零部件組成多品種、多規(guī)格的系列產(chǎn)品，充分滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)需求。 目前，德國(guó)、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、美國(guó)和日本的著名起重機(jī)公司都已采用起重機(jī)模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，并取得了顯著的效益。德國(guó)德馬格公司的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起重機(jī)系列改用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)后，比單件設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用下降12%，生產(chǎn)成本下降45%，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益十分可觀(guān)。德國(guó)德馬格公司還開(kāi)發(fā)了一種KBK柔性組合式懸掛起重機(jī)，起重機(jī)的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)由冷軋型軌組合而成，起重機(jī)運(yùn)行線(xiàn)路可沿生產(chǎn)工藝流程任意布置，可有叉道、轉(zhuǎn)彎、過(guò)跨、變軌距。所有部件都可實(shí)現(xiàn)大批量生產(chǎn)，再根據(jù)用戶(hù)的不同需求和具體物料搬運(yùn)路線(xiàn)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)將各種部件組合搭配即成。這種起重機(jī)組合性非常好，操作方便，能充分利用空間，運(yùn)行成本低。有手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)多種形式，還能組成懸掛系統(tǒng)、單梁懸掛起重機(jī)、雙梁懸掛起重機(jī)、懸臂起重機(jī)、輕型門(mén)式起重機(jī)及手動(dòng)堆垛起重機(jī)，甚至能組成大型自動(dòng)化物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)。 批量的起重機(jī)是在通用的場(chǎng)合使用，工作并不很繁重。這類(lèi)起重機(jī)批量大、用途廣，考慮綜合效益，要求起重機(jī)盡量降低外形高度，簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)，減小自重和輪壓，也可使整個(gè)建筑物高度下降，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)輕型化，降低造價(jià)。因此電動(dòng)葫蘆橋式起重機(jī)和梁式起重機(jī)會(huì)有更快的發(fā)展，并將大部分取代中小噸位的一般用途橋式起重機(jī)。德國(guó)德馬格公司經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的開(kāi)發(fā)和創(chuàng)新，已形成了一個(gè)輕型組合式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起重機(jī)系列。起重量為1-63噸，工作級(jí)別為A1-A7，整個(gè)系列由工字形和箱型單梁、懸掛箱形單梁、角形小車(chē)箱形