英語語法 如何把直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語.doc

如何把直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語引述別人的話時，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從句。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。1. 直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，很多時候可省略that。例如：She said, I am very happy to help you. She said she was very happy to help me. She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.”She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day. She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.”She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years. She said, “ I am reading a book now.”She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment. John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday”John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday. 2. 直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if（是否） 引導(dǎo)。先把直接引語變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，再放在whether或if后面。例如：He asked me, Do you like playing football? He asked me whether/if I liked playing football.He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?” You will come to my birthday party.He asked Mary whether/if she would come to his birthday party.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)，先把直接引語（去掉特殊疑問詞后）變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，再放回特殊疑問詞后進行相應(yīng)的變化。例如：My sister asked me, How do you like the film?” You like the filmMy sister asked me how I liked the film. John asked Mary, “Where shall we go?” John asked Mary where they should go. John asked Mary, “When shall we leave for Paris?”John asked Mary when they should leave for Paris. 1. Franco asked me, “Is the food ready?” Franco asked me whether/if the food was ready.2. Phillip asked Lily, “Are the young couple drinking red or white wine?” the young couple are drinking red or white wine. Phillip asked Lily whether/if the young couple were drinking red or white wine.3. He asked, “Who is working in the restaurant?” He asked who was working in the restaurant.4. Linda asked, “When will the restaurant be ready?” The restaurant will be ready. Linda asked when the restaurant would be ready.5. She asked me, “Will you do me a favor?” You will do me a favor. She asked me whether/if I would do her a favor.6. John said, “I think I will have to take his advice.” John said that he thought he would have to take his advice.7. She asked Jack, “What problems have you had this evening?” you have had problems this evening. She asked Jack what problems he had had that evening. 8. Susan asked, “Can I talk to the guests?” I can talk to the guests. Susan asked whether/if she could talk to the guests. 4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：A. ask/tell sb to do sth.B. ask/tell sb not to do sth.The captain ordered, Be quiet. The captain ordered us/them/the soldiers to be quiet. He said to Sue, “Marry me.”He asked Sue to marry him. Peter told John, “Get out!”Peter told John to get out. 注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.” My teacher asked me not to laugh. He said to her, “Dont dance in the toilet bowl.”He asked her not to dance in the toilet bowl. 5. 一些注意事項(1)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。例如：They told their son, The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. 我爺爺告訴我，共產(chǎn)黨(Communist Party)的宗旨(gist)是為人民服務(wù)。My grandfather told me that the gist of the Communist Party is to serve the people. (2)直接引語變間接引語時， 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。如：this/these that/those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere等。例如：My wife said to me, “I will bring my new lover home this evening.”My wife said to me that she would bring her new lover home that evening. He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day. He shouted to me, “Fuck/Piss off!”He asked me loudly/angrily to fuck/piss off. He said to Ivy, “Please dont leave me.” He asked/told Ivy not to leave him. He begged Ivy not to leave him. Linda asked Kathy, “Will you be there tomorrow?”You will be there tomorrow.Linda asked Kathy whether/if she would be there the next/following day. Kevin asked Cecilia, “Do you know how much I miss you?”you know how much I miss you.Kevin asked Cecilia whether/if she knew how much he missed her. Kevin asked Cecilia, “When will I see yo