英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)大全.doc

句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下幾種:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語。1、主語:句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you.2、謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔(dān)任，常置于主語后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.She is reading.3、賓語:表示動作的對象。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語后。He won the game. He likes playing computer.4、表語:用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動詞之后。He is a student.We are tired.注意:除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延續(xù)的動詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定語:對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。The black bike is mine.(形容詞)The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語)I have nothing to do today.(動詞不定式)注意:1、當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.6、狀語:用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置靈活。1、修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前;I am very sorry.2、表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3、一些表示不確定時間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.7、補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。He made me sad.(形容詞)She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)The war made him a soldier.(名詞)I find him at home.(介詞短語)I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)8、同位語:同位語是句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、代詞后面, 說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the oldest among them six.二、句子的基本分類1、按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1)陳述句:說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。例如:Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲傳播速度快。(說明事實)The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)2)疑問句:提出問題。有以下四種:a. 一般疑問句: Can you finish the work in time?b. 特殊疑問句:Where do you live? c. 選擇疑問句:Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑問句:He doesnt know her, does he? 3)祈使句:提出請求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如:Dont be nervous! 4)感嘆句:表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如:What good news it is!2、按其結(jié)構(gòu)，句子可以分為以下三類:1)簡單句:只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡單句。例如:She is fond of collecting stamps. 2)并列句:包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接。例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite. 3)復(fù)合句:包含一個主句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語謂語；2.主語系動詞表語；如：The tree (主) gets（系）green(表).3.主語謂語賓語；如：I (主) like (謂) she (賓). 4.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語.（即雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）如：I (