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1.Amanonalonelyislandcanactashelikesbecausehehasnoonetoconsiderexcepthimself.ButwhenRobinsonCrusoediscoveredfootprintsinthesand,hecouldnolongeractpreciselyasbefore.Hehadtothinkoftheexistenceofacompanionandthepossibleeffectofhisactionsuponasecondperson.Twopeoplethussuddenlybroughtfacetofacecannotignoreeachother.Eitheronemustovercometheotherortheymustarriveatsomeformofcoexistence.Inthelattereventtheyhavefirsttoconvinceeachotheroftheirfriendlyintentions.Whenamancomesuponatribewhoselanguagehedoesnotknow,hewillnodandsmile,makefriendlygesturesandperhapssendthemsmallgifts.Iftheseoffersaresuccessful,thetribesmenwilltakehimtotheirvillageandbringhimfoodanddrink.Moreover,thearrivalofanimportantvisitorissomethingoutoftheordinary.So,asananswertothefeelingthattheirguestshouldbetreatedaswellastheycan,somethingbetterthantheordinaryfoodwillbeprovided,andthemealfollowedbysinginganddancing.Thehostwishestomakehisguestfeelathome,theguesttoshowthanksofthekindnesshehasreceived.Questionsofgoodbehaviorandconsiderationforothersmaybehaveariseninoneformoranothersincesociallifebegan,becausesociallifeisimpossibleifeachpersonthinksonlyofhimself.Ifmenaretolivetogetherinacommunitytheymust,asameasureofcommonsenseandintheinterestofall，acceptacertainnumberofrulesandconventions.Suchagreementismorethanevernecessary.Chaosmayresultwhenfourpeopleplaybridgeaccordingtowidelydifferentconventions.Thesameistrueofsociallife.2.Mannersareimportanttohappyrelationsamongpeople.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Butwhataregoodmanners?Howdoesoneknowwhattodoandwhatnottodo?Well,herearesomeexamples.Apersonwithgoodmannersneverlaughsatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.Instead,hetriestohelpthem.Heisalwayskindtoothers.Whenpeoplearewaitingforabus,hetakeshisturn.Hedoesnotpushtothefrontoftheline.Onthebushegiveshisseattoanolderpersonorapersonwithaveryyoungchild.Ifheknocksintosomeone,orgetsinhisway,hesaysExcusemeorImsorry.HesaysPleasewhenheasksforsomethingandThankyouwhenhereceivessomething.Hestandsupwhenheisspeakingtoanolderperson,andhedoesnotsitdownuntiltheotherpersontakeshisseat.Hedoesnotinterruptotherpeoplewhentheyaretalking.Hedoesnottalktoomuch.Hedoesnottalkloudlyorlaughloudlyinpublic.Whenheiseating,hedoesnotspeakwithhismouthfulloffood.Heusesahandkerchiefwhenhesneezesorcoughs.Hedoesnotspitinpublic.Asastudent,itisabadmannertocomelatetoclass.Ifyouarelateyoushouldmakeanapologytotheteachereitheratthetimeoraftertheclass.Itisalsoabadmannertokeepsilentwhentheteacherasksyouaquestion.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,saysoimmediately.Ifyoudoknow,answerinaloudenoughvoicesothatalltheclassmayhear.Itispoliteforthestudentstohelptheteacher.Sometimesstudentscanhelptheirteacherstocleantheblackboard,tocloseoropenthedoororwindows.Sometimestherearepaperstocollectortohandout.Thiskindofhelpisalwaysappreciated.Ideasofwhataregoodmannersarenotalwaysthesameindifferentcountries.Butinallcountriesitisimportanttobekindandhelpful.1.personwithgoodmannersispopularwithothersbecause_.BA.hewilldowhatheisaskedtodoB.heknowswhattodoandwhatnottodoondifferentoccasionsC.hetalksloudlytomakehimselfheardclearlyinpublicD.hecanmakeothersknowwhatgoodmannersare2.Apersonwithgoodmannerswill_thoseintrouble.DA.feelsorryforB.laughatC.feelitdifficulttohelpD.dowhateverhecandohelp3.Whenyouarewithanoldman,youshoulddoallthefollowingexcept_.CA.standingupwhenyouhaveatalkwithhimB.givingyourseattohimonthebusC.interruptinghimifhetalkstoomuchD.showingyourrespecttohim4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperforastudentwithgoodmannerstodo? AA.Makingnosoundallthetimeinclass.B.Comingtoschoolontime.C.Doingyourbesttohelptheteacher.D.Answeringthequestionsinaloudvoicetomakehimheard.5.Youdbetterkeepinmindthat_.DA.youcanactasyoulikeinanycountryB.youcanactinthesamewayevenindifferentcountriesC.peopleareindifferenttowhatgoodmannersareD.WheninRome,doastheRomansdoWhileplantandanimalspeciesaredisappearingatarapidlyincreasingratethroughouttheworld,scientistsnotesomesuccessstories.Forexample,thenumberofelephantskilledillegallyinAfricahasfallensharply.89thousandwerekilledin1983.46thousandwerekilledoneyearlater.ThishappenedbecauseAfricancountriesagreedtoestablishexportlimitsonivoryfromelephants.Ivoryisthehardwhitematerialthatformsanelephantstwolongteeth,ortusks.Countriesthatimportivoryarerefusingtoacceptivoryshipmentsthatdonothavelegalexportdocuments.TheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesinatreatysignedby91nationsledtotheprogramforsavingendangeredelephantsinAfrica.SuccessfuleffortsalsohavebeenmadeinprotectingAfricasendangeredmountaingorillas.Almost400ofthegorillassurviveinavolcanoareaontheborderofRwanda,UgandaandZaire.Themountaingorillapopulationhasremainedaboutthesamefor15years.Thishappenedpartly,becauseRwandadevelopedanimportantbusinessthatdependsonprotectingthegorillas.Visitorstherecanpaytogetclosetowatchthegorillasintheanimalstraditionalhomearea.Anothersuccessfulprogramistotakeendangeredanimalsoutoftheirnaturalhomes.Theanimalsareputintozoosorotherprotectedareaswheretheycanreproduceinsafety.Thegoalofmanyoftheseprogramsistoproduceenoughanimalstoputbackintothewild.51.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?BA)WildPlantsandAnimalsB)ProtectingEndangeredSpeciesC)SavingEndangeredElephantsandMountainGorillasD)SuccessfulEffortsMadeinProtectingAfricasEndangeredMountainGorillas52.ThenumberofelephantskilledillegallyinAfricahasdecreasedgreatlyinthat_.AA)AfricancountriesagreedtoestablishexportlimitsonivoryfromelephantsB)countriesthatimportivoryfromelephantsarerefusingtoacceptivoryshipmentsC)therearelesselephantsnowinAfricaD)thereisaprogramforsavingendangeredelephantsinAfrica53.InAfrica,thenumberofelephantskilledillegallyin1983and1984was_.CA)89,000B)13,500C)135,000D)153,00054.Thenumberofmountaingorillashasremainedaboutthesameformanyyearspartlybecauseof_.AA)thedevelopmentofanimportantbusinessthatdependsonprotectingthegorillasB)theprotectionofgorillasC)RwandadevelopedanimportantbusinessthatdependsonprotectingthegorillasD)theprotectionfromthegorillas55.ThephrasethewildinParagraph5refersto_.BA)theanimalworldB)thenaturalareasfullofanimalsandplantsC)thewildnatureD)thewildanimals3.Ifyouwanttokeepyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink,thisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise,andasaresult,wearegettingoldsoon.ProfessortaijumatsuzawaatTokyonationaluniversitywantedtofindoutwhyquitehealthyfannersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatratherearlyage,andhowthespeedofgettingoldcouldbesloweddown.Withateamofresearchers,hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesanddifferentjobs Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstogetmostexactmeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidepartsofthebrain,whichhavesomethingtodowithintellectandfeelings,anddecidethehumancharacter.Asweallknow,thebackpartofthebrain,whichcontrolstaskslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage.Contractionoffrontandsidepartsascellsdieoffwasseeninsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimplewaytopreventthecontraction-usingthehead.Thefindingsshowthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.”thosewithleastpossibility.”Saidmatsuzawa,“arelawyers,followedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingthesameworkdayafterdayingovernmentofficesare,however,aslikelytohavecontractingbrainsasthefarmworkers,busdriversandshopassistants”1theteamofdoctorswantedtofindoutBAthesizeofsomepeoplesbrainBwhysomepeopleagesoonerthanothersCwhatkindofpeopleareverycleverDhowtomakepeoplelivelonger2thefrontandsidepartsofthebrainrelatetoallofthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTDAmentalabilityBemotionCcharacterDeatingandbreathing3theword“subjects”(inparagraph4)mostprobablyreferstoBApersonsorthingsthatarebeingdiscussedorconsideredBpersonschosentobestudiedinanexperimentCbranchesofknowledgestudiedinaschoolDwordsinasentenceaboutwhichsomethingisstated4accordingtotheresearchfindings,whichkindofpeopleseemstoagemostquickly?ADAdoctorsBlawyersCteachersDfarmworkers4accordingtothepassage,whichpeopleseemstoageslowerthantheothers?AdoctorsBlawyersCteachersDfarmworkers5whichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTmentionedinthepassage?BAprofessormatsuzawasuggestedthatpeopleshouldusetheirbrainsmoreoftenbecausethinkingcanstopthebrainfromcontractionBtheresearchfindingsarebasedonthestudyofthebrainsizesofdifferentpeopleCtheteamofdoctorsmadethesetestsinordertoshowhowthebrainworksDtheprofessorstestsprovethatoldpeoplesbrainshavecontractedmorequicklythanotheryoungpeople6OnWhataretheirresearchfindingsbased?CAAsurveyoffarmersinnorthernJapan.BTestsperformedonathousandoldpeople.CThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeople.DThelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.7Thedoctorstestsshowthat_D_.Aourbrainsshrinkaswegrowolder.Bthefrontsectionofthebraindoesnotshrink.Csixty-year-oldshavebetterbrainsthanthirty-year-olds.Dsomepeoplesbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeoples、牛仔褲In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaIn1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia,fromalloverthenation,thousandsofyoungmensetoutforCaliforniapeoplecalledthisthetimeofthegoldrush.Agoldminercameintoacitylookingforapairofpants.Hewantedpantsstrongenoughtostanduptotheroughworkofmining.HemetayoungmannamedLevi,whosoldheavyclothfortentsandwagontops.Theyaskedatailortouseheavyclothfortheirpants.ThenLeviwentintothebusinessofmakingworkpants,heaskedhisbrotherstosendhimsomestrongbluecottonclothcalleddenim(斜紋粗棉布).Withthisbluedenimcloth,Levistartedmakingthekindofpantswecallbluejeanstoday.Theyweresewedupinthesamewayasotherpants.In1860,aminersaidthatthepocketswerentstrongenoughtoholdthepiecesofgoldhefound.Thepocketskeptpullingloosefromthepants.Theclothwasallright.Itwasthethreadthatwasntstrongenough.SoLeviusedrivets(鉚釘)attachthepocketsontothepants.Cowboysneededtoughpants,too.Theylikedtheirpantstofittightly.Buttherivetsmarkedthecowboyssaddles.SoLevicoveredtherivetswithcloth.Theneverybodywashappy.1thisarticleasawholeisaboutA.howpeoplegotbluejeansBthegoldrushCdenim,rivetsandbluejeansDcowboysandbluejeans2whilenotstatedinthearticle,youcantellthatA.everybodywhowenttoCaliforniagotalotofgoldBLevifoundrichesinthegoldfieldsCLevimademoremoneythanmanygoldminersDLevisoldmorejeanstocowboysthantogoldminers3thewordthisinthefirstparagraph,lastsentence,referstoACaliforniaBgoldC.manypeoplelookingforgoldDthediscoveryofgold4LeviusedstrongbluecottonclothtomakepantsbecauseAgoldminerslikedthebluecolorBthiswastheonlyclothhehadC.minerswantedpantswhichcouldstandroughworkDcowboyslikedtheirpantstofittightly5whichofthefollowingsentencesisnotcorrect?AitwasLeviwhostartedthebusinessofmakingbluejeansBitwasonetailorwhostartedmakingbluejeansC.itwasinCaliforniathatbluejeansfirstbecamepopularDitwasinCaliforniathatgoldwasdiscovered、關(guān)于文化震蕩的原因及癥狀CultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationalCultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailmentsithasitsownsymptomsandcure.Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichwe4orientourselvestothesituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeoplewhenandhowtogivetipshowtomakepurchaseswhentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitationswhentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecueswhichmaybewordsgesturesfacialexpressionscustomsornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecuesmostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangecultureallormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybeaseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyoufollowedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakemefeelbad.”Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouseaboutthehostcountryanditspeopleyoucanbesu