英語句子七種基本成分.doc

英語句子七種基本成分英語句子有七種基本成分分別為：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語和表語。這七種成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、表語及補語為句子主桿，定語、狀語為分枝，與漢語有點相近。漢語中沒有表語，因為漢語中的名詞和形容詞是可以作謂語的，而英語中名詞與形容詞是不可以的，英語中的名詞和形容詞只能跟在連系動詞后作表語，構成系表結構相當于謂語。一主語：句子的主體，可以由名詞、代詞、非限定動詞（過去分詞除外）、相當于名詞、代詞的短語或從句(主語從句)來充當。English is a language spoken all over the world.（名詞）I dont like the way you speak. (代詞)To master a language is not as difficult as it is said.（非限定動詞短語）What he said made his friend unhappy.（從句）二謂語：主體的行為、動作或狀態(tài)，由限定動詞來充當。情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨構成謂語，助動詞必須和主動詞一起構成復合謂語，情態(tài)動詞要與不帶“to”的不定式一起構成復合謂語。The police finally found the missing boy.（單個動詞作謂語）I was doing my homework all day yesterday. (復合謂語)You cant expect the world the way you want. (復合謂語)三賓語：主體行為動作的對象或內(nèi)容，可以由名詞、代詞、非限定動詞（過去分詞除外）、相當于名詞、代詞的短語或從句(賓語從句)來充當。They are looking for a better way to cut down the cost. （名詞短語）Most children enjoy playing games. （非限定動詞短語）Can you tell me why you did not come to school yesterday? （從句）四定語：對句中的名詞或代詞起修飾或限定作用，由名詞、形容詞、非限定動詞、短語或從句（定語從句）來充當。We have more boy students than girl students in our class. （名詞）Dolphin is one of the most beautiful creatures under water. （形容詞）A doctor from Beijing will be arriving tomorrow.（介詞短語）So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.（過去分詞短語）I still remember the days when I lived in the countryside with my grandparents. (定語從句)五狀語：對句子中的動詞、形容詞、副詞乃至整個句子起修飾作用表明事物的狀態(tài)或邏輯關系，可以由副詞、非限定動詞、短語或從句（狀語從句）充當。Sound travels much faster than an airplane but light travels even faster than sound. (修飾動詞和副詞)She is extremely beautiful in this dress.（修飾形容詞）When I was young I used to read fairy tales.（修飾句子）六補語：對句中的賓語起補充說明作用，也叫賓語補語，可以由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、非限定動詞或短語來充當。We made him captain of our football team. （名詞）The workers found it impossible to finish the project in two weeks（形容詞）When she woke up at midnight she found the light still on. (副詞)Mary thought she hadnt made the students understanding her clearly.（非限定動詞）七表語：用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，可以由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、非限定動詞或短語及從句（表語從句）來充當。Social networkings are available to all students in China today. （形容詞）A computer mouse is not a small animal that lives in buildings and open fields. （名詞短語）Seeing is believing