夏徛榮考研英語測試題庫102套.pdf

夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套 啟迪廣袤思維點(diǎn)燃無窮智慧SummerEnglish is a powerful weapon 1 文化晉升境界文化晉升境界教育造就人生教育造就人生 全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題 NationalNationalNational National EntranceEntranceEntrance Entrance TestTestTest Test ofofof of EnglishEnglishEnglish English forforfor for MA MSMA MSMA MS MA MS CandidatesCandidatesCandidates Candidates NETEM NETEM NETEM NETEM 試題冊試題冊 180 180 180 180 分鐘分鐘 ModelModelModel Model TestTestTest Test 102102102 102 編著 夏徛榮編著 夏徛榮 注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng) 1 嚴(yán)格遵守考場規(guī)則 考生得到監(jiān)考人員指令后方可開始答題 2 答題前 考生應(yīng)將答題卡上的 考生姓名 報(bào)考單位 考試語種 考生編號 等 信息填寫清楚 并與準(zhǔn)考證上的一致 3 本試題的答案必須填寫在規(guī)定的答題卡上 僅寫在試題冊上不給分 4 英語知識運(yùn)用 閱讀理解 A 節(jié)的答案必須按要求直接填涂在答題卡 1 上 閱讀理解 B 節(jié) 和寫作部分的答案必須寫在答題卡 2 上 5 各項(xiàng)填涂部分一律用 2B 鉛筆按照答題卡上的要求填涂 如要改動 必須用橡皮擦干凈 6 閱讀理解部分 B 節(jié)和寫作部分必須用藍(lán) 黑 圓珠筆在答題卡 2 上答題 注意字跡清楚 7 考試結(jié)束后 將答題卡 1 答題卡 2 一并裝入原試卷袋中 試題交給監(jiān)考人員 Aspiring Perspiring Inspiring and P 文化晉升境界教育造就人生2 SectionSectionSection Section I I I I UseUseUse Use ofofof of EnglishEnglishEnglish English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A B C and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points Low fat low carb high protein there s a diet plan of every flavor And if you re one of the millions of Americans who 1 with weight you ve probably tried them all 2 with little success That wouldn t surprise Dr Frank Sacks lead author of a new study published in the Feb 26 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine whose findings 3 what a growing body of weight loss evidence has already suggested one dietis 4 better than the next 5 it comes to weight loss It doesn t 6 where your calories come from 7 you re eating less Wehave a really simple and practical 8 for people it snot so much the type of diet you eat says Sacks It show much you put in your mouth In the analysis of 811 obese patients from Massachusetts and Louisiana participants were randomly 9 to one of four heart healthy diets low fat or high fat with either 10 or high levels of protein All four regimens 11 included high amounts of whole grains fruits and vegetables and substituted saturated fat found in foods 12 butter and meat The participants were encouraged to 13 90 minutesa week On average the study participants lost about 13 lb after six months of dieting 14 about 7 of their starting weight regardless of which diet plan they 15 At the one year mark the dieters had 16 some of the lost weight and after two years average weight loss was about 9 lb Only about 15 of participants were able to lose 10 of their body weight or more Across the board 17 patients lowered their 18 of diabetes and reduced blood levels of bad cholesterol LDL 19 increasing good cholesterol HDL and overall heart health As for the secret to losing weight Thereisnone It sbasic physiology Loria says Eat fewer calories than you 20 夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套 啟迪廣袤思維點(diǎn)燃無窮智慧SummerEnglish is a powerful weapon 3 1 A comply B part C reckon D struggle 2 A definitely B obviously C likely D unduly 3 A witness B confirm C predict D discover 4 A no B much C far D little 5 A when B as C once D lest 6 A work B conclude C matter D indicate 7 A asfar as B aslong as C for fear that D in case 8 A issue B opinion C choice D message 9 A subjected B conveyed C assigned D committed 10 A average B common C particular D excessive 11 A also B still C otherwise D nevertheless 12 A along with B aside from C such as D in short 13 A cater B nourish C check D exercise 14 A but B or C or else D but rather 15 A regarded B followed C commenced D retained 16 A restored B sustained C regained D deprived 17 A however B therefore C furthermore D meanwhile 18 A signs B risks C pains D roots 19 A since B for C whereas D while 20 A disguise B expend C produce D extract SectionSectionSection Section II II II II ReadingReadingReading Reading ComprehensionComprehensionComprehension Comprehension PartPartPart Part A A A A Directions Directions Directions Directions Readthe following four texts Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosingA B CorD Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1 40 points Aspiring Perspiring Inspiring and P 文化晉升境界教育造就人生4 TextTextText Text 1 1 1 1 Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy He knew because he d done it hundreds of times himself Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult apparently and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than others Why is this so Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely weak recent genetic research may force a rethink A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink of the Free University of Amsterdam used a database calledthe Netherlands Twin Registerto analyze the smoking habits of twins Her results published in the Pharmacogenomics Journal suggest that an individual s degree of nicotine dependence and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day are strongly genetically influenced The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that contains details of some 7 000 pairs of adult twins aged between 15 and 70 and 28 000 pairs of childhood twins Such databases are prized by geneticists because they allow the comparison of identical twins who share all their genes with fraternal twins who share half In this case however Dr Vink did not make use of that fact For her the database was merely a convenient repository of information Instead of comparing identical and fraternal twins she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits including smoking and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register The human genome is huge It consists of billions of DNA letters some of which can be strung together to make sense the genes but many of which have either no function or an unknown function To follow what is going on geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals If a particular variant is routinely associated with a particular a physical feature of a behavioral pattern it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behavior Dr Vink found four markers which seemed to be associated with smoking They were on chromosomes 3 6 10 and 14 suggesting that at least four genes are involved Dr Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the cases of such dependence That will help to classify 夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套 啟迪廣袤思維點(diǎn)燃無窮智慧SummerEnglish is a powerful weapon 5 smokers better some are social smokers while others are physically addicted and thus enable quitting programs to be customized Results such as Dr Vink s must be interpreted with care Association studies as such projects are known have a disturbing habit of disappearing as it were in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them But if Dr Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction then Mark Twain s problem may eventually become a thing of the past 21 By mentioning Mark Twain the authorsuggests that A famouswriters are allbut heavy smokers B quitting smoking entailsstrong willpower C many people willlack hisdetermination D it may be easy to quit smoking temporarily 22 Wecan learn from Paragraph 3 that Dr Vink sresearch A only emphasized the study of DNA of adult twins B employed the database in different ways C was exposed to sharp criticismsof othergeneticists D concentratedmainly on answersheets 23 The ultimate purpose of Dr Vink sresearch is A to help addictsquit smoking effectively B to discoverthe cause of smoking habits C to remove smokers dependence on nicotine D to identify genes associatedwith smoking 24 The word genome most probably means A identifiable markers B sensitive DNA letters C awhole set of genes D complex versions of genes 25 What can be inferredfrom the text A The association of smoking with genetic featureswillremainamystery B Mark Twain ssmoking habitisan extreme case that willnot repeat Aspiring Perspiring Inspiring and P 文化晉升境界教育造就人生6 C There are always people who holdahostile attitude towardssmokers D Many such researchesasDr Vink smay have been inadequately done TextTextText Text 2 2 2 2 Some drug makers pay key leaders in a field of medicine such as chairs of departments in medical schools tens of thousands of dollars if they are saying the right things about their products They manipulate medical education sessions lectures articles in medical journal research studies even personal conversations between physicians to get their product message across Now a huge collection of drug company internal documents revealed as part of a lawsuit offers a wealth of detail In 1996 Dr David Franklin an employee of the drug company Parke Davis filed the lawsuit under federal whistleblower statutes alleging that the company was illegally promoting a drug called Neurontin for so called off label uses Under federal law once the FDA approves a drug a doctor can prescribe it for anything But the law specifically prohibits the drug company from promoting the drug for any unapproved uses In 2004 the company by then a division of Pfizer admitted guilt and agreed to pay 430 million in criminal and civil liability related to promoting the drug for off label use Spokespeople for Pfizer say that any wrong doing occurred before Pfizer acquired the company But Pfizer fought hard to keep all the papers related to the suit under seal A judge denied the request and they are now part of the Drug Industry Document Archive at the University of California San Francisco What is most interesting is not the illegal actions they reveal but the details of activities that are perfectly legal And according to people familiar with the industry the methods detailed in these company memos are routine One tactic identifies certain doctors as thought leaders those whose opinions influence the prescribing pattern of other doctors Those whose views converge with the company goals are then showered with rewards research and educational grants In the Parke Davis case 14 such big shots got between 10 250 and 158 250 between 1993 and 1997 Medical education drives this market wrote the author of one Parke Davis business plan in the files Many state licensing boards require physicians to attend 夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套 啟迪廣袤思維點(diǎn)燃無窮智慧SummerEnglish is a powerful weapon 7 sessions in what is called continuing medical education CME to keep current in their field At one time medical schools ran most CME courses Now an industry of medical education and communications committees MECCs run most of the courses These companies with innocent sounding names like Medical Education Systems set up courses sometimes in conjunction with medical meetings at other times often in fancy restaurants and resorts The drug companies foot the bill with the program usually noting it was financed by an unrestricted educational grant from the company Using MECCs Parke Davis set up conference calls so that doctors could talk to one another about the drugs The moderators of the calls often thought leaders or their younger assistants received 250 to 500 a call Drug company reps were on the line instructed to stay in a listen only mode but monitoring to be sure the pitch met their expectations 26 The drug companiesare willing to pay leading doctors A to bring medical education into fullplay B to help promote the drugs they produce C to assist in covering up theircrimes D to take over criminalandcivilliability 27 Which of the following can best define the expression off label Para 2 A impermissible B exclusive C commercial D unauthorized 28 Which of the followingistrue of Pfizer A It failedin itsattempt to coverup certain information B It rewardeddoctors with large amountsof money C It did nothing wrong afterit acquired Parke Davis D It more often than not manipulatedCME courses 29 What can be inferredfrom the text A CME courses are intended to exchange ideas about drug uses Aspiring Perspiring Inspiring and P 文化晉升境界教育造就人生8 B Medical educationisunrestrictedly financedby drug companies C Certain doctors as thought leaders may be held blameworthy D Physiciansdeserve the paymentsfrom pharmaceutical industry 30 It seems that the author A callsspecial attention to the operational inadequacies of the CME courses B believes that medicalopinions shouldnot be influenced by drug companies C offers criticismsagainst the practices of some drug companiesindignantly D seeks to revealafact that the detailsof some activities are perfectly legal TextTextText Text 3 3 3 3 What s the difference between God and Larry Ellison asks an old software industry joke Answer God doesn t think he s Larry Ellison The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation for being rather keen on himself Indeed until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade the cult of the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism as evidence that a firm was being led by an all conquering hero Narcissus met a nasty end of course And in recent years boss worship has come to be seen as bad for business In his management bestseller Good to Great Jim Collins argued that the truly successful bosses were not the self proclaimed stars who adorn the covers ofForbes and Fortune but instead self effacing thoughtful monkish sorts who lead by inspiring examples A statistical answer may be at hand For the first time a new study It s All About Me to be presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management offers a systematic empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosses have on the firms they run The authors Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambrick of Pennsylvanian State University examined narcissism in the upper levels of 105 firms in the computer and software industries To do this they had to solve a practical problem studies of narcissism have hitherto relied on surveying individuals personally something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination So the authors devised an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the cooperation 夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套 啟迪廣袤思維點(diǎn)燃無窮智慧SummerEnglish is a powerful weapon 9 of the boss These are the prominence of the boss s photo in the annual report his prominence in company press releases the length of his Who s Who entry the frequency of his use of the first person singular in interviews and the ratios of his cash and non cash compensation to those of the firm s second highest paid executive Narcissism naturally drives people to seek positions of power and influence and because great self esteem helps your professional advance say the authors chief executives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the general population How does that affect a firm Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger and leverage they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions and their results were both more extreme more big wins or big losses and more transient than those of firms run by their humbler peers For shareholders that could be good or bad Although oddly the authors are keeping their narcissism ranking secret they have revealed that Mr Ellison did not come top Alas for him that may be because the study limited itself to people who became the boss after 1991 well after he took the helm In every respect Mr Ellison seems to be the classic narcissistic boss claims Mr Chatterjee There is life in the old joke yet 31 The joke about Mr Ellison implies that he is A notoriousin software industry B very conscious of hisgod like role C entitled to some privileges D different from otherchief executives 32 Jim Collins seems to believe that truly successful executives A shouldbe regardedasstars by theiremployees B shouldgive priority to theirself images C shouldbehaveashumblyaspossible D shouldencourage the staff by setting up examples 33 Apractical problem with It sallabout me studyisthat A itsinvestigatory listsusedto be more complicated B it focuses on the charming qualities of leading executives Aspiring Perspiring Inspiring and P 文化晉升境界教育造就人生10 C the survey takes too much time to be completed D the subjects forthe survey may not be very cooperative 34 According to the researchers compared with humbler managers narcissistic managers are more likely to A make fasterprofessional advances B tend to be more aggressive investors C dramatize the changes in theircompanies D use the resources in extreme ways 35 It can be inferred from the passage that if the survey focusedon an earlierperiod A the rankingmay be quite different B the resultsmight be widely publicized C Mr Ellison wouldbealaughing stock D the authorscould offermore evidence TextTextText Text 4 4 4 4 Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarzenegger California governor said that the state s penal system was falling apart in front of our very eyes Indeed so Some 172 000 inmates are crowded into institutions from the state s 33 prisons to its 12 community correctional facilities that are meant to house fewer than 90 000 Drug abuse is rampant so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C Race based gangs pose the constant threat of violence riot and even murder And with more than 16 000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms rehabilitation programs are virtually non existent which helps to explain why two thirds of California s convicts the highest rate in the country are back in prison within three years of being released Will the governor s summons of a special session of the state legislature beginning this week bring a remedy The reason for the session is to discuss Mr Schwarzenegger s request for almost 5 8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system Bonds for 2 billion would finance ten 500 bed re entry facilities for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences another 2 billion would 夏徛榮文化教育 考研英語學(xué)習(xí)系列 考研英語測試題庫 第 102 套