約克安特衛(wèi)普規(guī)則(中英對(duì)照).doc

約克安特衛(wèi)普規(guī)則1994（YORK-ANTWERP RULES, 1994） In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith. 共同海損理算，適用下列規(guī)則，凡與這些規(guī)則相抵觸的法律和慣例都不適用。 Except as provided by the Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules. 除首要規(guī)則和數(shù)字規(guī)則已有規(guī)定者外，共同海損應(yīng)按字母規(guī)則理算。 RULE PARAMOUNT首要規(guī)則 In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably made or incurred. 犧牲或費(fèi)用，除合理做出或支付者外，不得受到補(bǔ)償。 RULE A規(guī)則A There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. 只有在為了共同安全，使同一航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)脫離危險(xiǎn)，有意而合理地做出特殊犧牲或支付特殊費(fèi)用時(shí)，才能構(gòu)成共同海損行為。 General average sacrifices and expenditures shall be borne by the different contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided. 共同海損犧牲和費(fèi)用，應(yīng)按下列規(guī)定，由各分?jǐn)偡椒謹(jǐn)偂?RULE B規(guī)則B There is a common maritime adventure when one or more vessels are towing or pushing another vessel or vessels, provided that they are all involved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation. 如果船舶拖帶或頂推其他船舶而它們都從事商業(yè)活動(dòng)而不是救助作業(yè)，則處于同一航程之中。 When measures are taken to preserve the vessels and their cargoes, if any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply. 如果所采取的措施是為了使這些船舶及其貨物（如果有）脫離共同危險(xiǎn)，則應(yīng)適用本規(guī)則。 A vessel is not in common peril with another vessel or vessels if by simply disconnecting from the other vessel or vessels she is in safety; but if the disconnection is itself a general average act the common maritime adventure continues. 如果一艘船舶只要脫離其他船舶便能獲得安全，則同其他船舶不處于共同的危險(xiǎn)之中，但如果脫離本身是共同海損行為，則共同航程繼續(xù)存在。 RULE C規(guī)則C Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average. 只有屬于共同海損行為直接后果的損失或費(fèi)用，才應(yīng)作為共同海損。 In no case shall there be any allowance in general average for losses, damages or expenses incurred in respect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property involved in the common maritime adventure. 環(huán)境損害或因同一航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)漏出或排放污染物所引起的損失或費(fèi)用不得認(rèn)作共同海損。 Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be admitted as general average. 不論是在航程中或其后發(fā)生的滯期損失、行市損失和任何因遲延所遭受的損失或支付的費(fèi)用以及任何間接損失都不得認(rèn)作共同海損。 RULE D規(guī)則D Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure, but this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault. 即使引起犧牲或費(fèi)用的事故，可能是由于航程中某一方的過(guò)失所造成的，也不影響要求分?jǐn)偣餐p的權(quán)利，但這不妨礙非過(guò)失方與過(guò)失方之間就此項(xiàng)過(guò)失可能提出的任何索賠或抗辯。 RULE E規(guī)則E The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense claimed is properly allowable as general average. 提出共同海損索賠的一方應(yīng)負(fù)舉證責(zé)任，證明所索賠的損失或費(fèi)用應(yīng)作為共同海損。 All parties claiming in general average shall give notice in writing to the average adjuster of the loss or expense in respect of which they claim contribution within 12 months of the date of the termination of the common maritime adventure. 所有提出共同海損索賠的關(guān)系方應(yīng)于共同航程終止后十二個(gè)月內(nèi)將要求分?jǐn)偟膿p失或費(fèi)用書(shū)面通知海損理算師。 Failing such notification, or if within 12 months of a request for the same any of the parties shall fail to supply evidence in support of a notified claim, or particulars of value in respect of a contributory interest, the average adjuster shall be at liberty to estimate the extent of the allowance or the contributory value on the basis of the information available to him, which estimate may be challenged only on the ground that it is manifestly incorrect. 如不通知或經(jīng)要求后十二個(gè)月內(nèi)不提供證據(jù)支持所通知的索賠或關(guān)于分?jǐn)偡降膬r(jià)值的詳細(xì)材料，則海損理算師可以根據(jù)他所掌握的材料估算補(bǔ)償數(shù)額或分?jǐn)們r(jià)值。除非估算明顯不正確，否則不得提出異議。 RULE F規(guī)則F Any additional expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as general average shall be deemed to be general average and so allowed without regard to the saving, if any, to other interests, but only up to the amount of the general average expense avoided. 凡為代替本可作為共同海損的費(fèi)用而支付的額外費(fèi)用，可作為共同海損并受到補(bǔ)償，無(wú)須考慮對(duì)于其他有關(guān)方有無(wú)節(jié)省，但其數(shù)額不得超過(guò)被代替的共同海損費(fèi)用。 RULE G規(guī)則G General average shall be adjusted as regards both loss and contribution upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the adventure ends. 共同海損損失和分?jǐn)偟睦硭悖瑧?yīng)以航程終止的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的價(jià)值為基礎(chǔ)。 This rule shall not affect the determination of the place at which the average statement is to be made up. 本條規(guī)定不影響對(duì)編制海損理算書(shū)地點(diǎn)的決定。 When a ship is at any port or place in circumstances which would give rise to an allowance in general average under the provisions of Rules X and XI, and the cargo or part thereof is forwarded to destination by other means, rights and liabilities in general average shall, subject to cargo interests being notified if practicable, remain as nearly as possible the same as they would have been in the absence of such forwarding, as if the adventure had continued in the original ship for so long as justifiable under the contract of affreightment and the applicable law. 船舶在任何港口或地點(diǎn)停留，而根據(jù)規(guī)則十和十一的規(guī)定將發(fā)生共同海損補(bǔ)償時(shí)，如果全部貨物或其中的一部分用其他運(yùn)輸方式運(yùn)往目的地并已盡可能通知了貨方，則共同海損的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，將盡可能地如同沒(méi)有此一轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)而是在運(yùn)輸合同和所適用的法律所許可的時(shí)間內(nèi)可以由原船繼續(xù)原航程一樣。 The proportion attaching to cargo of the allowances made in general average by reason of applying the third paragraph of this Rule shall not exceed the cost which would have been borne by the owners of cargo if the cargo had been forward at their expense. 因適用本條第三款，認(rèn)作共同海損補(bǔ)償而由貨物分?jǐn)偟牟糠植粦?yīng)超過(guò)假如由貨主承擔(dān)費(fèi)用把貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至目的港所應(yīng)支付的費(fèi)用。 RULE I. JETTISON OF CARGO 規(guī)則一 拋棄貨物 No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade. 被拋棄的貨物， 除非按照公認(rèn)的海運(yùn)習(xí)慣運(yùn)送，不得作為共同海損受到補(bǔ)償。 RULE II LOSS OR DAMAGE BY SACRIFICES FOR THE COMMON SAFETY 規(guī)則二 為了共同安全做出犧牲所造成的損失 Loss of or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety, and by water which goes down a ships hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety, shall be made good as general average. 為了共同安全做出犧牲或其后果和為了共同安全進(jìn)行拋棄而開(kāi)艙或打洞以致進(jìn)水，造成共同航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失，應(yīng)作為共同海損受到補(bǔ)償。 RULE III. EXTINGUISHING FIRE ON SHIPBOARD 規(guī)則三 撲滅船上火災(zāi) Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or otherwise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extinguishing a fire on board the ship, shall be made good as general average; except that no compensation shall be made for damage by smoke however caused or by heat of the fire. 為了撲滅船上火災(zāi)，因水或其他原因使船舶、貨物遭受損壞，包括將著火船舶擱淺或鑿沉所造成的損壞，均應(yīng)作為共同海損受到補(bǔ)償。但由于煙熏或因火引起熱烤所造成的損壞除外。 RULE IV. CUTTING AWAY WRECK 規(guī)則四 切除殘余部分 Loss or damage sustained by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have been previously carried away or are effectively lost by accident shall not be made good as general average. 因切除由于意外事故原已折斷或?qū)嶋H上已經(jīng)毀損的船舶殘留部分所遭受的損失，不得作為共同海損受到補(bǔ)償。 RULE V. VOLUNTARY STRANDING 規(guī)則五 有意擱淺 When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure shall be allowed in general average. 船舶無(wú)論是否勢(shì)必?cái)R淺，如果為了共同安全有意擱淺，因此所造成的共同航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損。 RULE VI. SALVAGE REMUNERATION 規(guī)則六 救助報(bào)酬 (a) Expenditure incurred by the parties to the adventure in the nature of salvage, whether under contract or otherwise, shall be allowed in general average provided that the salvage operations were carried out for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the common maritime adventure. (1)航程中各有關(guān)方所支付的救助費(fèi)用，不論救助是否根據(jù)契約進(jìn)行，都應(yīng)認(rèn)入共同海損，但以使在同一航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)脫離危險(xiǎn)而進(jìn)行的救助為限。 Expenditure allowed in general average shall include any salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment such as is referred to in Art.13 paragraph 1(b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account. 認(rèn)入共同海損的費(fèi)用應(yīng)包括1989年國(guó)際救助公約第13條第1款（b）所述的考慮到救助人在防止或減輕環(huán)境損害中的技藝和努力而付給救助人的任何救助報(bào)酬。 (b) Special compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner under Art. 14 of the said Convention to the extent specified in paragraph 4 of the Article or under any other provision similar in substance shall not be allowed in general average. （2）根據(jù)上述公約第14條第4款或任何其他實(shí)質(zhì)上類(lèi)似的規(guī)定由船舶所有人付給救助人的特別補(bǔ)償不得認(rèn)入共同海損。 RULE VII. DAMAGE TO MACHINERY AND BOILERS 規(guī)則七 機(jī)器和鍋爐的損壞 Damage caused to any machinery and boilers of a ship which is ashore and in a position of peril, in endeavouring to refloat, shall be allowed in general average when shown to have arisen from an actual intention to float the ship for the common safety at the risk of such damage; but where a ship is afloat no loss or damage caused by working the propelling machinery and boilers shall in any circumstances be made good as general average. 在船舶擱淺并有危險(xiǎn)的情況下，如經(jīng)證明確是為了共同安全，有意使機(jī)器、鍋爐冒受損壞的危險(xiǎn)而設(shè)法起浮船舶，由此造成任何機(jī)器和鍋爐的損壞，應(yīng)認(rèn)入共同海損，但船舶在浮動(dòng)狀態(tài)下因使用推進(jìn)機(jī)器和鍋爐所造成的損失，在任何情況下都不得作為共同海損受到補(bǔ)償。 RULE VIII. EXPENSES LIGHTENING A SHIP WHEN ASHORE,AND CONSEQUENT DAMAGE 規(guī)則八 減載擱淺船舶所引起的費(fèi)用和損壞 When a ship is ashore and cargo and ships fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire and reshipping (if incurred), and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common Maritime adventure in consequence thereof, shall be admitted as general average. 作為共同海損行為而卸下擱淺船舶的貨物、船用燃料和物料時(shí)，其減載、租用駁船和重裝（如果發(fā)生）的額外費(fèi)用和由此造成共同航程中的財(cái)產(chǎn)的任何滅失或損壞，都應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損。 RULE IX. CARGO, SHIPS MATERIALS AND STORES USED FOR FUEL 規(guī)則九 用作燃料的貨物、船用材料和物料 Cargo, ships materials and stores, or any of them, necessarily used for fuel for the common safety at a time of peril shall be admitted as general average, but when such an allowance is made for the cost of ships materials and stores the general average shall be credited with the estimated cost of the fuel which would otherwise have been consumed in prosecuting the intended voyage. 在遭遇危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，為了共同安全的需要，用作燃料的貨物、船用材料和物料，應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損，但船用材料和物料費(fèi)用受到補(bǔ)償時(shí)，為完成原定航程本應(yīng)消耗的燃料的估計(jì)費(fèi)用，應(yīng)從共同海損中扣除。 RULE X. EXPENSES AT PORT OF REFUGE, ETC. 規(guī)則十 在避難港等地的費(fèi)用 (a)When a ship shall have entered a port or place of refuge or shall have returned to her port or place of loading in consequence of accident, sacrifice or other extraordinary circumstances which render that necessary for the common safety, the expenses of entering such port or place shall be admitted as general average; and when she shall have sailed thence with her original cargo, or a part of it, the corresponding expenses of leaving such port or place consequent upon such entry or return shall likewise be admitted as general average. (1)船舶因遭遇意外事故、犧牲或其他特殊情況，為了共同安全必須駛?cè)氡茈y港、避難地或駛回裝貨港、裝貨地時(shí)，其駛?cè)脒@種港口或地點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用，應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損；其后該船舶裝載原裝貨物或其一部分駛出該港口或地點(diǎn)的相應(yīng)費(fèi)用，也應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損。 When a ship is at any port or place of refuge and is necessarily removed to another port or place because repairs cannot be carried out in the first port or place, the provisions of this Rule shall be applied to the second port or place as if it were a port or place of refuge and the cost of such removal including temporary repairs and towage shall be admitted as general average. The provisions of Rule XI shall be applied to the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by such removal. 船舶在某一避難港或避難地不能進(jìn)行修理而需轉(zhuǎn)移到另一港口或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，此第二港口或地點(diǎn)應(yīng)視作避難港或避難地適用本條的規(guī)定。此項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移費(fèi)用，包括臨時(shí)修理和拖帶費(fèi)用，應(yīng)作為共同海損。因此項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移而引起的航程延長(zhǎng)，適用規(guī)則十一的規(guī)定。 (b)The cost of handling on board or discharging cargo, fuel or stores whether at a port or place of loading, call or refuge, shall be admitted as general average, when the handling or discharge was necessary for the common safety or to enable damage to the ship caused by sacrifice or accident to be repaired, if the repairs were necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage, except in cases where the damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstances connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage. （2）在裝貨、?？炕虮茈y港口或地點(diǎn)在船上搬移或卸下貨物、燃料或物料的費(fèi)用，應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損，如果這種搬移或卸載是共同安全所必需，或者是為了使船舶因犧牲或意外事故所造成的損壞得以修理，而且此項(xiàng)修理是安全地完成航程所必需的。但如果船舶的損壞是在裝貨或?？扛劭诨虻攸c(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而且航程中沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)與此項(xiàng)損壞有關(guān)的任何意外事故或其他特殊情況，則不在此列。 The cost of handling on board or discharging cargo, fuel or stores shall not be admissible as general average when incurred solely for the purpose of restowage due to shifting during the voyage, unless such restowage is necessary for the common safety. 只是為了重新積載在航程中移動(dòng)的貨物而產(chǎn)生的在船上搬移或卸下貨物、燃料或物料的費(fèi)用，除非該項(xiàng)重新積載是共同安全所必需的，不得認(rèn)作共同海損。 (c) Whenever the cost of handling or discharging cargo, fuel or stores is admissible as general average, the costs of storage, including insurance if reasonably incurred, reloading and stowing of such cargo, fuel or stores shall likewise be admitted as general average. The provisions of Rule XI shall be applied to the extra period of detention occasioned by such reloading or restowing. （3）當(dāng)貨物、燃料或物料的搬移或卸載費(fèi)用可認(rèn)作共同海損時(shí)，該貨物、燃料或物料的存儲(chǔ)費(fèi)，包括合理支付的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、重裝費(fèi)和積載費(fèi)也應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損。規(guī)則十一適用于重裝或重新積載所引起的額外停留期間。 But when the ship is condemned or does not proceed on her original voyage, storage expenses shall be admitted as general average only up to the date of the ships condemnation or of the abandonment of the voyage or up to the date of completion of discharge of cargo if the condemnation or abandonment takes place before that date. 但是，如果船舶報(bào)廢或不繼續(xù)原定航程，認(rèn)作共同海損的儲(chǔ)存費(fèi)只應(yīng)計(jì)算至船舶報(bào)廢或放棄航程之日為止。如果船舶在卸貨完畢以前報(bào)廢或放棄航程，則應(yīng)計(jì)算至卸貨完畢之日為止。 RULE XI. WAGES AND MAINTENANCE OF CREW AND OTHER EXPENSES BEARING UP FOR AND IN A PORT OF REFUGE, ETC. 規(guī)則十一 駛往和停留在避難港等地的船員工資、給養(yǎng)和其他費(fèi)用 (a)Wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew reasonably incurred and fuel and stores consumed during the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by a ship entering a port or place of refuge or returning to her port or place of loading shall be admitted as general average when the expenses of entering such port or place are allowable in general average in accordance with Rule X(a). （1）如果船舶駛?cè)氡茈y港、避難地或駛回裝貨港、裝貨地的費(fèi)用依照規(guī)則十（1）的規(guī)定可認(rèn)作共同海損，則由此而引起的航程延長(zhǎng)期間合理產(chǎn)生的船長(zhǎng)、高級(jí)船員和一般船員的工資、給養(yǎng)和消耗的燃料、物料，也應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損。 (b)When a ship shall have entered or been detained in any port or place in consequence of accident, sacrifice or other extraordinary circumstances which render that necessary for the common safety, or to enable damage to the ship caused by sacrifice or accident to be repaired, if the repairs were necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage, the wages and maintenance of the master, officers and crew reasonably incurred during the extra period of detention in such port or place until the ship shall or should have been made ready to proceed upon her voyage, shall be admitted in general average. （2）由于意外事故、犧牲或其他特殊情況，船舶駛?cè)牖蛲Ａ粼谌魏胃劭诨虻攸c(diǎn)，如果是為了共同安全的需要，或者是為了使船舶因犧牲或意外事故所造成的損壞得以修理，而且此項(xiàng)修理是安全地完成航程所必需的，則在此種港口或地點(diǎn)額外停留期間，直至該船舶完成或應(yīng)能完成繼續(xù)航行的準(zhǔn)備工作之時(shí)為止合理產(chǎn)生的船長(zhǎng)、高級(jí)船員和一般船員的工資和給養(yǎng)應(yīng)認(rèn)入共同海損。 Fuel and stores consumed during the extra period of detention shall be admitted as general average, except such fuel and stores as are consumed in effecting repairs not allowable in general average. 額外停留期間消耗的燃料、物料，應(yīng)作為共同海損，但為進(jìn)行不屬于共同海損的修理所消耗的燃料、物料除外。 Port charges incurred during the extra period of detention shall likewise be admitted as general average except such charges as are incurred solely by reason of repairs not allowable in general average. 額外停留期間的港口費(fèi)用也應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損，但僅為進(jìn)行不屬于共同海損的修理而支付的港口費(fèi)用除外。 Provided that when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstance connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage, then the wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed and port charges incurred during the extra detention for repairs to damages so discovered shall not be admissible as general average, even if the repairs are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage. 如果船舶的損壞是在裝貨或停靠港口或地點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而且航程中沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)與此項(xiàng)損壞有關(guān)的任何意外事故或其他特殊情況，則在修理上述損壞的額外停留期間所支付的船長(zhǎng)、高級(jí)船員和一般船員的工資、給養(yǎng)和消耗的燃料、物料和港口費(fèi)用不得認(rèn)作共同海損，即使這項(xiàng)修理是安全的完成航程所必需的。 When the ship is condemned or does not proceed to her original voyage, the wages and maintenance of the master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed and port charges shall be admitted as general average only up to the date of the ships condemnation or of the abandonment of the voyage or up to the date of completion of discharge of cargo if the condemnation or abandonment takes place before that date. 如果船舶報(bào)廢或不繼續(xù)原定航程，認(rèn)作共同海損的船長(zhǎng)、高級(jí)船員和一般船員的工資、給養(yǎng)和消耗的燃料、物料和港口費(fèi)用，只應(yīng)計(jì)算至船舶報(bào)廢或放棄航程之日為止；如果船舶在卸貨完畢以前報(bào)廢或放棄航程，則應(yīng)計(jì)算至卸貨完畢之日為止。 (c)For the purpose of this and the other Rules wages shall include all payments made to or for the benefit of the master, officers and crew, whether such payments be imposed by law upon the shipowners or be made under the terms of articles of employment. （3）本條和其他各條所稱(chēng)的工資應(yīng)包括付給船長(zhǎng)、高級(jí)船員和一般船員或?yàn)樗麄兊睦娑Ц兜囊磺锌铐?xiàng)，不論這種款項(xiàng)是法律規(guī)定由船東支付的或者是根據(jù)雇傭條件支付的。 (d) The cost of measures undertaken to prevent or minimise damage to the environment shall be allowed in general average when incurred in any or all of the following circumstances. (4)為了防止或減輕環(huán)境損害采取措施的費(fèi)用， 如果是在下列情況下產(chǎn)生的，應(yīng)認(rèn)作共同海損； (i) as part of an operation performed for the common safety which, had it been undertaken by a party outside the common maritime adventure, would have entitled such party to a salvage reward; （i）作為為了共同安全而采取的措施的一部分，而這種措施假如由同一航程以外的第三方所采取，該方本可獲得救助報(bào)酬的； (ii) as a condition of entry into or departure from any port or place in the circumstances prescribed in Rule X(a); （ii）作為規(guī)則十（1）所述的情況下船舶進(jìn)入或離開(kāi)任何港口或地點(diǎn)的條件的； (iii) as a condition of remaining at any port or place in the circumstances prescribed in Rule XI(b), provided that when there is an actual escape or release of pollutant substances the cost of any additional measures required on that account t