簡述各種從句中的引導(dǎo)詞.doc

簡述各種從句中的引導(dǎo)詞一名詞性從句是指在句中充當(dāng)名詞能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄈ缰髡Z，賓語，表語，同位語）的從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞（5個(gè)）：that （賓語從句或表語從句中that有時(shí)可以省略）whether, if （均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分連接代詞（9個(gè)）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever連接副詞（7個(gè)）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, howeverA賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞1. 從屬連詞，包括that、 if、whether、as if和as though,都不在從句中從當(dāng)任何成分。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，通常可省略。if和whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。如：He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2.關(guān)聯(lián)代詞who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。如：Do you know who has won Red Alert game？The book will show you what the best CEO should know.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone？3.連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.如：He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panelNone of us knows where these new parts can be bought.B主語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞1） 從屬連詞that，whether,if等；其中that一般見于形式主語后面的從句中，通常可省略。如：Its a great pity（that）they didnt get married. 2） 連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等；其中which需要特別注意，所有的名詞性從句中，只有主語從句在表示選擇的時(shí)候，用到它。如：which he will choose remains unknown.3) 連接副詞how，when，where，why 等。C表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞大致和主語從句一樣D同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)。如：The news that our team won the match is exciting. 二 定語從句是在句中充當(dāng)定語的從句，其引導(dǎo)詞包括兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：that which who whom whose以及as.其中that which who在從句中 充當(dāng)主語或者賓語，whom只能充當(dāng)賓語，whose只能充當(dāng)定語,as僅用于非限定性定語從句中。如：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞Why =for whichWhere =in/ at/ on which（介詞同先行詞搭配）When =during/ on/ in/ 三狀語從句是在句中充當(dāng)狀語的從句。1.時(shí)間狀語從句：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：常用引導(dǎo)詞：where，特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible。3. 原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.如：Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.4 目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that如：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.5 結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,如：He got up so early that he caught the first bus.6 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that如：You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever如：Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.8 比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A to B is what/as X is to Y; no more than; not so much A as BThe house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food to men is what oil is to machine. 9 方式狀語從句常用