for與to的用法.doc

for有很多種用法： 1. 表示“當作、作為”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我們晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意為“因為、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 謝謝你幫我學習英語。 Thank you for your last letter. 謝謝你上次的來信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感謝你如此盡心地教我們。 3. 表示動作的對象或接受者,意為“給”、“對 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 讓我為你撿起來。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看電視太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示時間、距離,意為“計、達”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小時。 We will stay there for two days. 我們將在那里逗留兩天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意為“向、往、取、買”等。如: Lets go for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我來這兒取書包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元買這本詞典。 6. 表示所屬關系或用途,意為“為、適于的”。如: Its time for school. 到上學的時間了。 Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、贊成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對這個計劃? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老師。for與to的區(qū)別:In English, prepositions are used to indicate the relations between the predicate and its arguments. For, when used for this purpose, indicates the benefactive relation, i.e. some one who benefits from the event specified by the predicate.But TO is used to indicate the dative relation, i.e.the goal to which the action is directed. Compare the following two sentences: (a) John gave a gift to his girlfriend. (b) John gave his life for his country. 簡單來說就是,for更注重目的,表示有一方受益,to更注重指向.to的用法: 一：表示相對，針對 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to Air is indispensable to life. Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. This injection will make you immune to infection. 二：表示對比，比較 1：以-ior結尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2: 一些本身就含有比較或比擬意思的形容詞，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3：表示一些先后順序的形容詞，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 4: to也偶爾出現(xiàn)在個別動詞之后,與動詞形成固定詞組,表示比較,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比擬,而compare with sth.表示比較,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正確句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但當prefer后接動詞不定式時,表示比較的介 詞to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 5: to與及個別的名詞構成比較之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 三: 表示修飾關系 1: 表示回復,反應意思的詞,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2: 表示建筑構件的詞匯,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引橋 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的機會 The access to medical care 享受公費醫(yī)療的權利 3: 表示人物職位和官銜的詞,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National Peoples Congress advisor to the Prime Minister 4: 表示權利和許可的詞匯,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to . 5: 表示柵欄或障礙的詞匯,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 6: 表示與書籍,文本相關的詞,如:introduction to passage. 7: 表示恭喜或是祝賀,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Lets drink to Dicks success in business 8: 另外還有一些名詞符合這種用法,有的具有兩者息息相關,缺一不可的含義.如:key to door,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school 四: to還具有依據(jù),伴隨,和著節(jié)奏的含義,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste （一）：表示相關聯(lián)，相連接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness. （二）：表示反對和贊同。 1：to引導的表示反對，抗拒，對抗意義的詞組。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2: to引導的表示同意，贊同意義的詞組：consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise. 表示調整，使符合，使適應的含義，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesnt fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses. 3: 表示投降,屈服,服從的含義,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to, confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少數(shù)服從多數(shù) Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. Were not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 五: 表示趨勢或傾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to Hes liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 六: 表示對事情的堅持與執(zhí)著,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views. 七: 表示約束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to Hes confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 八: 表示一種習慣或是一種適應性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 九: 表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 十: 表示目的或結果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十一: 表示命運,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 十二: 表示數(shù)量上的積累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 十三: 表示全身心投入的含義,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his. 十四: 表示展望或是回顧,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century. 十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I dont like wool next to my skin. 十六: 表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 十七: 表示有關注,關于: as to,with regard to 十八: 表示關注或重視,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training. 十九: 表示依據(jù)或是根據(jù),如:according to,in proportion to According to todays newspaper,the match will be postponed. T