仁愛版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)小結(jié).doc

Unit 1 Are you going to play basketball?本課重點(diǎn)的語法：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情。表示準(zhǔn)備，打算做某事用法：be going to +V原形例句：He is going to write a letter tonight. I am going to play basketball.重點(diǎn)短語：(1) see sb do sth 看見某人做了某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見動(dòng)作的全過程） see sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的一部分）例句 I often see Tom play basketball on the playground.我經(jīng)常看見湯姆在操場上打籃球 I saw Tom playing basketball on the playground yesterday.我昨天看見湯姆正在操場上打籃球。類似的詞還有：hear， watch， (2) almost 副詞 adv. 意為“幾乎，差不多”用法：放在be動(dòng)詞前，動(dòng)詞之后。例句：Supper is most ready. 晚飯就要好了。 I most fell off my bike.我?guī)缀鯊淖孕熊嚿纤は聛怼?3) cheer sb. on 為某人喝彩例句：I cheer him on. 我為他喝彩。(4) against 介詞 pre.對(duì)著，反對(duì) play against 與抗衡/較量例句：We are against the war. 我們反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭。 We play against the red team. 我們與紅隊(duì)較量。(5) prefer 較喜歡，更喜歡；用法：prefer+Ving/名詞/代詞例句：I prefer playing basketball.我更喜歡打籃球。 I prefer the white dog. 我更喜歡這只白狗。 I prefer it. 我更喜歡它。詞組：preferto 喜歡不喜歡例句：His brother prefers English to math. 他的哥哥喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。I prefer play basketball to play football. (注意此時(shí)是用原形)(6) both and兩個(gè)都；即又(后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)例句：Both Yaoming and Yijianlian play basketball in the NBA.（對(duì)） Both Yaoming and Yijianlian plays basketball in the NBA.(錯(cuò))(7)dream of/about 夢(mèng)見 注意of/about 是介詞，后面的動(dòng)詞要加ing例句：Last night I dreamed of flying in the sky.(8) give up+Ving/名詞/代詞 意為“放棄”例句：He gives up smoking. I dont give up English. Dont give it up. 注意代詞放中間(9) 感嘆句 What + a +感情色彩的名詞！例句：What a pity!=What a shame! 多有趣??！(10) take part in 參加，加入 join 參加，加入take part in指加入比賽或者活動(dòng) join一般指加入組織例句：She took part in running. 她參加跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)。 He joined the army in 1995. 他在1995年參軍。(11) spend+時(shí)間 on sth /(in ) doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間在某事上/花費(fèi)時(shí)間在做某事上例句：He spent one hour on the book.He spent two hours (in) doing his homework.(12) exercise 作：動(dòng)詞，名詞(不可數(shù))， 鍛煉例句：She dose morning exercise every day. (作名詞) She exercises every day.（作動(dòng)詞）(13) be good at+doing sth / 名詞=do well in 擅長做某事例句：I am good at English. He is good at playing baskerball.(14) be good for 對(duì)有益，有好處be bad for 對(duì)有害，不好例句：Exercise is good for your health. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.同類的詞組還有：be good to sb 對(duì)某人好 be bad to sb 對(duì)某人不好例句：The English teacher is good to us.(15) keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康health（健康，名詞） healthy（健康的，形容詞） healthily（健康地，副詞）(16) relax 放松 詞組：relax oneself 使自己放松例句：Stop and relax yourself.(17) arrive in +大地方 (北京，上海，廈門，美國)arrive at + 小地方 （village 小村莊）get to +地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地reach+地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地上述詞后跟home, here, there, back時(shí)，都不用介詞。后面無地點(diǎn)時(shí)用arrive。(18) excited 激動(dòng)的，興奮的，用來修飾人exciting 令人激動(dòng)的，使人興奮的，用來修飾物區(qū)別：We are excited to hear the good news.聽到這個(gè)好消息我們很興奮。 It is an exciting story.這是個(gè)令人興奮的故事。類似的詞還有：interested 和 interesting bored 和boring tired 和tiring (19) leave for sp. 動(dòng)身前往某地 leave for Shanghai 動(dòng)身前往上海 leave sp. for. sp 離開某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 離開北京去上海(20) for +一段的時(shí)間 Stay for two weeks. (兩星期是一段的時(shí)間)(21) all over the world 全世界(22) hope to do sth（希望做什么） hope + 句子（希望的事情，實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性大）wish sb sth（希望某人某事）wish sb to do sth（希望某人干什么）wish+句子（希望的事情，實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性小表虛擬語氣）I hope to become/ be a teacher. I hope he will become a teacher. I wish you good luck. I wish him to become/ be a teacher. I wish I were a bird. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. She prefers _ basketball. A. play B. to playingC. playingD. plays2. _ do you play sports? Once a week. A. How longB. How oftenC. How manyD. How much3._ makes your body strong. A. Runing B. RunningC. To run D. Runner4. _ more sports and you can _ next year. A. Do, be health B. Doing, healthC. Do, be healthy D. Doing, healthy5. They are _ Beijing tomorrow. A. leave forB. will leave forC. leaving forD. going to leaving for6. He will be back _ four days. A. after B. inC. from D. to7. Lily the long jump, and she jumped very far. A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in 8. Cycling can make your body . A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong9.He will _ Beijing tomorrow morning, if the train isnt late. A. reached B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in 10. I am good at _ basketball. A. to play B. play C.playing D. to playing 11.Ann _ mountains tomorrow morning. A. is climbing B. climb C. is going to climb D. climbs 12. I saw Tom often _ with his father during the summer. A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming 13.Running is a good way _ fit . A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 14. He prefers _ on the weekend. A . go shopping B. going shop C. going shopping D. to go shopping15. _my father _mother are wokers.A. All; of B. Both; and C. Either; of D. Neither; nor Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water 本課重點(diǎn)語法：1.Would you mind doing ？你介意嗎？請(qǐng)你好嗎？ 其否定形式為：Would you mind not doing ？ 2. Would you mind if +從句？如果你介意嗎？回答時(shí)可以用：用yes 或者no 回答例如：No, not at all. / Certainly not. / Of course not. 不介意，當(dāng)然可以。 I am sorry, but 對(duì)不起，但是 Yes, youd better not. 是的，你最好不要。例句：Would you mind opening windows？你介意打開窗戶嗎？ Would you mind my opening windows? 你介意我打開窗戶嗎？ Would you mind if I open windows? 如果我打開窗戶，你介意嗎？ 3. Could you please + V 原型？ = Would you please + V 原型？請(qǐng)你好嗎？例句：Could you please give me some water ? 請(qǐng)你給我些水好嗎？ Sure. / Of course. 好啊，當(dāng)然可以。 重點(diǎn)短語：(1) do sb. a favor = help sb.= give sb. a hand 幫助某人(2) one of 意為“中的一個(gè)” 后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例句：One of the girls is my sister. 這些女孩中的其中一個(gè)是我的妹妹.(3) fall ill 生病(4) be glad to do sth. 樂意做某事例句：I am glad to help you. 我很樂意幫助你。(5) practice 練習(xí) 用法：practice sth/ doing sth/ 代詞 例句：You can practice speaking English every day.(6) be late 遲到 例句：I am late. He/She is late./ You are late. be late for 做遲到 例句：I am late for school. 我上學(xué)遲到了。(7) manage 管理，經(jīng)營，處理 用法: manage sb./ sth. 例句：She manages the hotel well. 她把旅館管理得井井有條。 Manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做成某事 例句：She manages to climb the mountain. 她設(shè)法爬上這座山。(8) need v.需要 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為“必須”后面跟V 原型 用法：need to do sth. 需要做某事 need sth. 需要某物 例句：He needs some help. 他需要一些的幫助。（做動(dòng)詞）注意不要弄混淆 He need finish the homework. 他必須要完成家庭作業(yè)。（做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）(9)do ones best to do sth.= try ones best to do sth. 努力去做某事例句：I will do/try my best to study English. (10) believe sb. 相信某人（所說的話） believe in sb. 信任某人例句：I believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他的話，但是我不信任他。(11) keep doing sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事 keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)干某事(12) be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 例句：Dont be angry with others. 不要總是對(duì)別人生氣。(13) with the help of sb.= with ones help 在某人的幫助下例句：With the help of the teacher, he did better.= With teachers help, he did better. (14)be sure(that ) +從句 意為：確信 be sure to do sth. 確信要做某事 be sure about sth. 對(duì)某事確信例句：I am sure that you can do well in the middle exam. I am sure to finish the task. I am not sure about the answer. (15) turn down 把調(diào)小 turn up 把調(diào)大 turn on/off 打開/關(guān)閉(16) hear sb. do sth 聽見某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth 聽見某人正在做某事(17) be important to sb. 對(duì)某人是重要的(18) busy adj. 忙碌的用法：be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. (19) enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 例句： He joins reading very much. 他非常喜歡讀書。(20) have a history of + 時(shí)間段 表示有多長的歷史例句：China has a history of more than 5000 years.(21)a 15-year-old girl 一個(gè)15歲的女孩 （注意year 沒有加S）(22) 系動(dòng)詞有 get, turn, make, sound, 這些系動(dòng)詞的后面跟形容詞 get tired/hungry 感到疲勞/變餓 turn green 變綠 make strong 變的強(qiáng)壯 sound interesting 聽起來很有趣 (23) instead of 代替 例句：Lets stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie. (24) have fun =enjoy oneself =have a good time 玩得高興，玩得愉快 have great fun doing sth. 非?？鞓返淖瞿呈孪嚓P(guān)聯(lián)系，單項(xiàng)選擇1. Would you mind if I shut(關(guān)) the door?AYes, please. B.Ok. Do as you like C. Thats all right. D. Of course not. Do please.2. Do you mind _ up the music? A. to turn B. turning C. turn D to turning 3.Learning English well is important _ you . A . for B. to C. of D. with 4.Would you mind if _my bike here?A.I put B. I putting C. me put D. my putting 5.Your MP4 is nice. Where did you buy _ ? I want to buy _. A one, one B it, it C it , one D. one, it 6. Ann is only _ girl, but she can speak English well. A8years- old B. a 8years old Can 8year- old D. 8 years old7. Li Ping did not go shopping. He went skating _. A. of instead B instead of C instead D take the place 8. Do you mind _ the window ? A. I close B. I closing C. me close D . my closing 9. I want to be a basketball player. So I enjoy _ basketball every day. A. practice to play B. play the C. practicing playing D playing the 10. Could you please _ me around ? -Sure. A. to follow B. follow C. following D followed 11. _ the help of mother, I can cook (煮飯). A Under B Using C. With D. By Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?1I am ready for the long jump我為跳遠(yuǎn)做好了準(zhǔn)備。be ready for+活動(dòng)，表示“為準(zhǔn)備好了”。如：We are ready for the next exam. 我們?yōu)橄麓蔚目荚囎龊昧藴?zhǔn)備?！就卣埂浚?）be ready for sth. 表示“為準(zhǔn)備好”。如：Id just been ready for tea when they called他們打電話時(shí)，我剛剛把茶準(zhǔn)備好。（2）be ready to do sth. 表示“準(zhǔn)備好做某事”。如：We were all ready to spend the holiday. 我們都為度假做好準(zhǔn)備了。2Its my first time to take part in the high jump這是我第一次參加跳高比賽。Its ones first time to do sth. =Its the first time for sb. to do sth. 表示“某人第一次做某事”。如：Its Marys first time to see the cute pandas=Its the first time for Mary to see the cute pandas這是瑪麗第一次看到可愛的大熊貓。3. Maybe Michael will make many friends during the sports meet. 也許邁克爾在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)期間會(huì)交許多朋友。（1）make friends with sb.與某人交朋友。如：Would you like to make friends with me?你愿意和我交朋友嗎?（2）maybe adv也許，可能，大概。如：maybe與may bemaybe adv.，意為“可能，也許，大概”，在句中作狀語，通常置于句首，也可放在動(dòng)詞之前。may be分開來寫則是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，意為“可能是，也許是”。其中be還可換成其他的動(dòng)詞原形出現(xiàn)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后。試比較：Maybe he is eighteen.=He may be eighteen他可能十八歲了。Maybe the book is in the desk. =The book may be in the desk那本書可能在書桌里。Maybe you have a good chance. =You may have a good chance. 或許你有一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。4When shall we meet? 我們什么時(shí)候見面?（1）shall同I和we連用，表示“將來，將要，將會(huì)”，后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：At this time next week I shall be in Scotland. 下周這個(gè)時(shí)候我就在蘇格蘭了。（2）否定shall not=shant，過去式should。如：We shant go there. 我們不去那兒。I said that I should be pleased to help. 我說過我樂意幫忙。（3）在疑問句中和Iwe連用，表示提出或征求意見。如：Shall I send you the book? 我把書給你寄去，好不好?What shall we do this weekend? 這個(gè)周末我們要做什么呢?5Congratulations! 祝賀你!congratulation n祝賀、恭賀、賀詞用于向某人表示祝賀，復(fù)數(shù)為congratulations。如：we are getting married! 我們要結(jié)婚了!Congratulations! 祝賀你們!Congratulations on your exam results! 祝賀你取得好的成績!【拓展】congratulate v. 祝賀，道賀congratulate sb. (on sth.)向某人道賀如：I congratulated them on their results. 我為他們?nèi)〉玫某煽兿蛩麄儽硎咀ＹR。6Im so excited我太興奮了。There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon. 今天下午還有一場令人激動(dòng)的接力賽。（1）excited adj.，意為“激動(dòng)的，對(duì)感到興奮”，主語通常是人。如：The children were excited about opening their presents. 孩子們對(duì)打開禮物感到興奮不已。（2）exciting adj.，意為“令人興奮的”，主語通常是物，類似的詞還有：interested和interesting，tired和tiring等。如：They waited and waited for something exciting to happen. 他們等啊等啊，等待著激動(dòng)人心的事情發(fā)生。It is an exciting match. 這是一場令人激動(dòng)的比賽。7This encourages me a lot這次對(duì)我的鼓勵(lì)很大。encourage v. 鼓勵(lì)。常用詞組encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。如：Our English teacher often encourages us to study well.我們的英語老師常常鼓勵(lì)我們好好學(xué)習(xí)。8The Peoples Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952中華人民共和國第一次參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是在1952年。（1）the Peoples Republic of China. 中華人民共和國?？s略形式為PRC。（2）for the first time第一次。類似的短語有：for the second time第二次；for the last time最后一次。如：In 1984，she look part in the Olympics for the second time1984年，她第二次參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。In 2012，he will take part in the Olympics for the last time2012年他將最后一次參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。9Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the l984 Los Angeles Olympics.許海峰在1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)上為中國奪得第一枚金牌。win v.獲勝，贏；n. winner獲勝者，過去式won，現(xiàn)在分詞winning。如：They are the winners. 他們是冠軍。win表示“贏得”，其賓語通常是war, game, battle, match, fame等。win可作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。如：They won the match他們贏了這場比賽。He couldnt win without your help. 沒有你的幫助他贏不了。10Its motto is“Faster，higher，stronger”它的宗旨是“更快，更高，更強(qiáng)。”motto n. 箴言，格言，座右銘。作可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式既可以為mottos，也可以是mottoes。如：“Its never too old to learn”is my motto“活到老學(xué)到老”是我的座右銘。11. The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games奧運(yùn)五環(huán)是奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的一種標(biāo)志。a symbol of sth 的象征。如：White is always a symbol of purity in we stem cultures. 在西方文化中，白色象征純潔。12There are five rings，and they stand for the five parts of the wind它有五個(gè)環(huán)，代表著世界上的五大洲。stand for意為“代表”。如：HK stands for Hong Kong. HK代表香港?！就卣埂縮tand for容忍，忍受。如：Im not standing for the way he speaks我再也不能忍受他講話的方式了。13You can easily find at least one of these colors in the flag of every country. 你能很容易地在每個(gè)國家的國旗上，至少找到這些顏色中的一種。at least至少；最少。如：The red car will cost at least 200,000 yuan 那輛紅色的小汽車至少要值200 000元?！就卣埂科浞戳x詞組為：at(the)most，意為“至多；不超過”。如：There are at most 5,000 people in this town這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)最多有5 000人。14We should improve our environment我們應(yīng)該改善我們的環(huán)境。improve提高，改善。相當(dāng)于to make sth. better。如：Can you help me improve my English? 你能幫我提高英語水平嗎?( )1My mother _ a dinner for my birthday next week. A. host Bhosted Chosting Dwill host( )2We had a sports meeting last SundayI took part in the _race Aboys 80