2013年12月六級(jí)新題型-翻譯費(fèi)下載.doc

最新英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯 （1） 中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘?2%。在過(guò)去相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期里，由于諸多原因， 貧困一直困擾著中國(guó)。20世紀(jì)80年代中期，中國(guó)農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)憑借自身的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)得到快速增長(zhǎng)， 但少數(shù)地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、歷史、自然等方面的制約，發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后。中國(guó)政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)全面發(fā) 展的進(jìn)程中，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施了以解決貧困人口溫飽問(wèn)題為主要目標(biāo)的有計(jì)劃、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開(kāi) 發(fā)，極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象。China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the worlds total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.難點(diǎn)精析1.發(fā)展中國(guó)家：英語(yǔ)中對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)為developing country，該句結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，直譯即可。 ： ：2.人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘模捍司渚o接上文，和前面一個(gè)分句共享一個(gè)主語(yǔ)China，為了指代清楚并且避免重復(fù)，此處的“人口”可譯為its population。表達(dá)“(數(shù)量、比例上)占”有一個(gè)常用的詞組account for。 “世界總?cè)?口”如果直譯的話是the worlds total population或者the total population of the world，但是由于該分句的主語(yǔ)中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一次population,故此處可將total活用作名詞，意為“總數(shù)”。3.在過(guò)去相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期里：該分句如果直譯的話可譯為for a long time in the past，但是根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處“相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期”指的是“中國(guó)歷史中的一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期”，又由于該分句所在句的主語(yǔ)隨后緊接著出現(xiàn)，因:而可以意譯為for a long period of its history。 !4.由于諸多原因：此處較為簡(jiǎn)單，可以有多種譯法?！坝捎凇笨梢杂胋ecause of, due to, out of來(lái)表達(dá)，也可以用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的單詞for。“諸多”的表達(dá)方式也有很多，如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而該分句可簡(jiǎn)潔地譯為for various reasons。 : ：5.貧困一直困擾著：表達(dá)“被貧困所困擾”較為常用的譯法是be plagued by，由于此處表達(dá)的是過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生并且其影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一種狀態(tài)，因而注意時(shí)態(tài)要采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。此處可譯為has been lagued by poverty。6. 20世紀(jì)80年代中期發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后：該句較長(zhǎng)，翻譯時(shí)要注意平衡句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快”中的: ;“經(jīng)濟(jì)”指的是“中國(guó)農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)”，在翻譯時(shí)可以照此調(diào)整一下句子的語(yǔ)序?！皽蟆背Ｓ胠ag behind 來(lái)表達(dá)。7.中國(guó)政府在致力于緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象：該句內(nèi)容較多，翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)義將該長(zhǎng)句拆分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，即：“中國(guó)政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)全面發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施了有計(jì)劃、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)。扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)以解決貧困人口的溫飽問(wèn)題為主要目標(biāo)，極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象?！?“致力于”可以用短語(yǔ)work on來(lái)表達(dá)?！胺鲐氶_(kāi)發(fā)”實(shí)際上是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，因而可靈活譯為a program for development-oriented poverty relief。（2）原文：北京有無(wú)數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來(lái)了無(wú)窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門(mén)建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大 廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來(lái)。參考答案：In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.難點(diǎn)精析：1.帶來(lái)了無(wú)窮的魅力：翻譯為bring endless charm to。2.漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于用并列的散句或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，而英文習(xí)慣上用整句表述，句內(nèi)不太重要的信息會(huì)用介詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如本段中“胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的漢語(yǔ)短句，翻譯成英文時(shí)可將第二句用with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)出來(lái)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。3.充滿友善和人情味：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語(yǔ)的應(yīng) 用，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。（3）原文：要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解。中國(guó)地方戲種類(lèi)很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表 性的劇種。作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ) 上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂(lè)上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂(lè)器。由于京劇是在融 合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。參考答案To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點(diǎn)精析1.要了解中國(guó)文化，就應(yīng)該對(duì)中國(guó)的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒(méi)有給出明確的主語(yǔ)，因而在翻譯時(shí)要注意：增譯主語(yǔ)you。“中國(guó)的戲曲文化”可譯為the Chinese opera culture。2.中國(guó)地方戲種類(lèi)很多，其中京劇是一個(gè)具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時(shí)可以采用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營(yíng)養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the I basis of.會(huì)稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from.?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。4.念白：“念白”指的是中國(guó)戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對(duì)話，因而此處在翻譯時(shí)可將其靈活譯為the I spoken parts。5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒(méi)有直接對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以采用漢語(yǔ)拼音表示。6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛(ài)，也受到全國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)：“不僅 也 ”常用not onlybut also來(lái)表達(dá)。此處句中的“鐘愛(ài)”和“喜愛(ài)”同義，在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時(shí)可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略，故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。（4）原文：中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作取得了可喜的成果。歐盟巳經(jīng)成為中國(guó)的重要經(jīng)貿(mào)伙伴，是中國(guó)最大的技術(shù)供應(yīng)方、 第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和第五大實(shí)際投資方。2001年，中歐貿(mào)易達(dá)到766億美元，比上一年增長(zhǎng)11%，尤其是中國(guó)從 歐盟的進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)了 15.8%。我非常贊賞歐中貿(mào)協(xié)(Europe-China Business Association)與比中經(jīng)貿(mào)理事會(huì) (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)為發(fā)展中歐關(guān)系所做出的努力。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作具有廣 闊的前景。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性，在貿(mào)易、投資、科技等領(lǐng)域具有很大的合作潛力。參考答案：China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, Chinas imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.難點(diǎn)精析：1.中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作取得了可喜的成果：EU=European Union，表示歐盟;“取得了”可譯為has got，但稍顯生硬，yield fruit意為“結(jié)果，取得成果”，用在此處更為恰當(dāng);“可喜的”可譯為heartening，還可譯為 promising。2.第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和第五大實(shí)際投資方：“最大”用thelargest來(lái)表示，“第幾大”則可譯為the+序數(shù)詞+largest，因此此處“第三大”譯為thethirdlargest; “第五大”譯為the fi他largest?！百Q(mào)易伙伴”譯為tradingpartner; “實(shí)際投資方”譯為actual investor。3. 766億美元：應(yīng)譯為76.6 billion dollars。billion意為“10億”，而不是“1 億”。4.增長(zhǎng)了15.8%:可譯為grew by 15.8%,還可譯為increased by 15.8%。increase的反義詞為decrease，二者用 法相同，后接具體的百分比時(shí)，要與介詞by連用。5.發(fā)展中歐關(guān)系：“關(guān)系”還可譯為relationship，但tie表示的“關(guān)系”比relationship的情感色彩更強(qiáng)烈一些， ; 意為“緊密關(guān)系”，此處原文中雖沒(méi)有提及“緊密”，但很顯然是要發(fā)展中歐的緊密關(guān)系，故譯成tie更貼合文意。6.具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性：可譯為are strongly complimentary to each other, complimentary意為“互補(bǔ)的”。7.具有很大的合作潛力：“具有”此處譯為enjoy顯得生動(dòng)，帶有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩。potential后應(yīng)與介詞for 搭配。（5）原文：中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。如今， 中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)(western medicine)在中國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式 和豐富的典籍材料，備受世界矚目。中國(guó)的中醫(yī)事業(yè)由國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)負(fù)責(zé)?，F(xiàn)在國(guó)家巳經(jīng)出臺(tái)了管理中醫(yī)的政策、法令和法規(guī)，引導(dǎo)并促進(jìn)這個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究和 開(kāi)發(fā)。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實(shí)踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中醫(yī)療法、中草藥(herbalogy)、針 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和氣功(Qigong)。參考答案：Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.難點(diǎn)精析：1.不可分割的一部分：可譯為an integral part。2.為振興華夏做出了巨大的賁獻(xiàn)：可譯為has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“華夏”： 即“中國(guó)”或“中華”，可直接譯為China; “振興”此處翻譯成了名詞形式prosperity,還可譯為revitalization;“做出了 巨大的貢獻(xiàn)”可譯為 has made great contributions。3.并駕齊驅(qū)：此處指兩者(中醫(yī)和西醫(yī))都得以應(yīng)用，可簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯為both are being used。4.獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料：三個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)，可分別譯為unique ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解為歷史文獻(xiàn)資料，翻譯為historical literature and materials。5.引導(dǎo)并促進(jìn)這一新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)：“引導(dǎo)”譯為guide; “促進(jìn)”可譯為promote，還可譯為facilitate或further; “新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，可譯為promising industry,還可譯為new industry或emerging industry。6.中醫(yī)療法：譯為Chinese medication。（6）原文：中國(guó)新年是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國(guó)也被稱(chēng)為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到元宵 節(jié)(the Lantern Festival)，即從農(nóng)歷(lunar calendar)最后一個(gè)月的最后一天至新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡 度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)、迎好運(yùn)，家 家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門(mén)上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)(couplets)，對(duì)聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他 的活動(dòng)還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。參考答案：Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern F