人教版高一英語必修三專題之 生詞巧解學(xué)案：Unit1　Festivals around the world.doc

庖丁巧解牛知識(shí)巧學(xué)生詞巧解take place 發(fā)生【詞析】義析:happen【典句】in 1919,may 4th movement took place in china.1919年,中國發(fā)生了“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)?！颈嫖觥?）take place和 take the placetake place指“發(fā)生”，表示所發(fā)生的事是按計(jì)劃或預(yù)料之中的,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。take the place指“代替”(take the place of.“代替”）。2）take place,happen,break out和come abouttake place 相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。指事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)想到的事情的發(fā)生。happen也是不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),指一切客觀事物或情況的偶然或未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生。可以和to連用，也可以接that引導(dǎo)的從句。 break out 僅用于負(fù)面場合,多指災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病之類現(xiàn)象的突然發(fā)生,同樣也不能用于被動(dòng)句式中。 come about屬于中性詞語，既可用于表達(dá)正面事物的發(fā)生,又可用于表達(dá)負(fù)面事物的發(fā)生。 【詞析】音析:字母組合ar讀,詞尾的e不發(fā)音形析:star(星星）+ve義析:cause to suffer or die from hunger【典句】the child was starved to death.孩子被活活餓死了?！就卣埂?）相關(guān)短語：starve for sth.渴望；starve sb.of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦。后者通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài),構(gòu)成be starved of的句型。如：the homeless children were starved of love.=the homeless children starved for love.這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛。(作此意講時(shí)類似于 long for sth.渴望某事）2）切記starve表“感覺很餓”時(shí),僅用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：when will the dinner be ready? im starving.晚飯什么時(shí)候做好？我要餓死了?！颈嫖觥縮tarve和 hungryhungry表示一般性的“餓了”,是形容詞。starve表示“餓”的程度更深，starve只用作動(dòng)詞。【詞析】音析:閉音節(jié)詞,元音字母e讀義析:a large amount【典句】we have plenty of time to catch the train.我們有充足的時(shí)間趕火車?！颈嫖觥坑⒄Z中表示“許多”的短語用法區(qū)別小結(jié)：修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞既修飾可數(shù)名詞又修飾不可數(shù)名詞manya good (great) manya large (great) number of/large (great) numbers ofmany amucha good (great) deal ofa large (huge) amount of/large (huge) amounts ofplenty ofa lot of/lots ofa large (great) quantity of/large (great) quantities of【詞析】音析:閉音節(jié)詞,元音字母a和i分別發(fā)和形析:satis(充分)+-fy(動(dòng)詞后綴)義析:to give what is wanted or needed【典句】they try to satisfy the customer.他們努力使顧客滿意?！就卣埂?）同根詞：satisfied意為“感到滿意的”；satisfying意為“令人滿意的”。2）短語：satisfy sb./sth.使某人/某物滿意(滿足）be satisfied with sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物感到滿意be satisfied to do sth.對(duì)做某事感到滿意【詞析】音析:字母組ea讀形析:類似的詞還有read,sea,tea等義析:to go in front of or to instruct【典句】all roads lead to rome.條條大路通羅馬?！就卣埂?) lead sb.to+n.帶領(lǐng)通往/到,to為介詞。如：your explanation has led me to a clear understanding.你的解釋使我清楚地了解此事。2) lead sb.to do sth.使做,此時(shí)to為動(dòng)詞不定式,后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：what led you to believe it?什么使你相信它？3）相關(guān)短語：lead a hard life過艱苦的生活；in the lead領(lǐng)先4)記住動(dòng)詞+介詞to構(gòu)成的常用短語有：look forward to盼望turn to求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向pay attention to注意stick to堅(jiān)持get down to開始認(rèn)真干object to反對(duì)belong to屬于refer to談到；涉及；參閱point to指向see to處理;料理come to共計(jì)；蘇醒reply to答復(fù)agree to同意add to增加devote.to.貢獻(xiàn)給compare.to.把比作dress up盛裝；打扮；裝飾【詞析】義析:wear ones best clothes【典句】the people in china will dress up on the first day of the lunar new year.在農(nóng)歷新年第一天,中國人要打扮一番?！就卣埂縟ress作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),如果是指穿衣的動(dòng)作,dress sb.表示“給某人穿衣”,dress oneself表示“給自己穿衣服”； 如果指“穿著某件衣服”這一狀態(tài)則必須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)be dressed in。如：she dressed her son in uniform in a hurry,because he couldnt dress himself.她匆匆地給兒子穿上制服,因?yàn)樗约翰粫?huì)穿。he is smartly dressed in red when i saw him at the dinner.我在宴會(huì)上見到他身著紅衣,帥氣十足?！颈嫖觥縟ress,put on,wear和have ondress表動(dòng)作,意思是“(給自己或幫別人）穿衣服”,可單獨(dú)用作不及物動(dòng)詞,接賓語要用表示人的名詞、代詞或反身代詞。 put on表動(dòng)作,意思是“穿上、戴上”,是終止性短語,其賓語是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、襪子、眼鏡等。 wear表狀態(tài),意思是“穿著、戴著”,除了接普通衣飾類,還可指佩戴手表、首飾、徽章、花兒以及留發(fā)型、胡須的長短等,含義最廣。 have on表狀態(tài)且是靜態(tài),意思是“穿著、戴著”,多用于口語,是比較普通的用語,不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【詞析】音析:元音i讀,a讀形析:arriv(e)(到達(dá))+-al(名詞后綴）義析:reaching a certain place or goal【典句】with the arrival of the holidays,people become busier than before.隨著節(jié)日的來臨,人們比以前更忙了?！就卣埂?）同根詞：arrive vi. 到達(dá)2）相關(guān)短語：arrive at/in sp.到達(dá)某地【詞析】音析:字母組合ai讀形析:類似的詞還有pain,train等義析:to win or get sth.by making a lot of efforts【典句】no pains,no gains.不勞無獲。(諺）【辨析】gain,get,win和achievegain指通過努力或有意識(shí)地來獲得某些有益的東西;get與其他幾個(gè)詞意思相同,但不如其他詞正式;win強(qiáng)調(diào)通過競爭贏得;achieve強(qiáng)調(diào)為實(shí)現(xiàn)某一目標(biāo),按常規(guī)步驟作出努力。【詞析】音析:a發(fā),字母組合th發(fā),er發(fā)形析:類似的詞還有father,mother,together等義析:to get together to collect in different places【典句】thousands of people gathered at the airport.數(shù)以千計(jì)的人聚集在機(jī)場。【辨析】gather和 collect gather是最概括的說法,因此也是應(yīng)用最廣泛的；指分散的人或物聚攏在一起。collect通常指有目的、有計(jì)劃、有條理地收集。通常指的是仔細(xì)選擇相似或有聯(lián)系的東西,來變成有組織的整體的一部分。【詞析】音析:元音字母u讀 ,o讀義析:traditional practice【典句】in france,it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office in the morning.法國人有每天早上上班和人握手的習(xí)慣。 【辨析】custom和 habit custom常指一個(gè)群體或國家代代相傳形成的固定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣；habit一般只用于個(gè)人的舉止和行為?！驹~析】音析:元音字母a讀,字母組合ar讀形析:a+ward(守衛(wèi)）義析:traditional practice【典句】he won the first award of talking big competition.他獲得吹牛比賽的一等獎(jiǎng)?！就卣埂縜ward也可以作為動(dòng)詞,意思是“頒發(fā),授予,賞給”。如：they awarded mr.brown the gold medal for his fine vegetables at the show.因其在展覽會(huì)上展出的優(yōu)質(zhì)蔬菜,他們頒發(fā)給布朗先生金牌獎(jiǎng)?！颈嫖觥縨edal,prize,reward和awardmedal指“獎(jiǎng)?wù)?勛章,紀(jì)念章”,如金牌、銀牌等； prize指“獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金；戰(zhàn)利品；捕獲物”,如在競爭或在比賽中給予的,或力求獲得的作為對(duì)勝利或優(yōu)勝的嘉獎(jiǎng)的東西；reward指“回報(bào),報(bào)酬,報(bào)應(yīng)”，為相應(yīng)的行為作酬勞或?yàn)樾皭旱呐e止作報(bào)應(yīng)而授予或收到的某些東西；award指“獎(jiǎng)品;因優(yōu)點(diǎn)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或授予的東西”?！驹~析】音析:a讀,字母組合ire讀成義析:to look at sth.or sb.with pleasure or approval【典句】he wants to drive his car and admire the view.他想開車去觀賞風(fēng)景?！就卣埂?）同根詞：admirer n.贊美者,羨慕者；admiring adj.贊賞的,羨慕的；admiration n.欣賞,欽佩2）常用搭配：admire sb.for sth.因?yàn)槟呈職J佩某人【詞析】音析:e讀,i讀,字母組合er讀形析:energy(n.精力)變y為e+tic義析:be full energy；be very active【典句】the children are energetic,running and jumping.孩子們又跑又跳,精力旺盛。look forward to sth./doing sth.期待著某事/做某事【典句】im looking forward to flying in the sky like a bird.我盼望能像鳥一樣能在空中飛翔。【拓展】1) 要注意這里的to是介詞,后面要接動(dòng)名詞或名詞。 2）要記住以look為中心的一些短語：look after照料look out注意;當(dāng)心look up查到;抬頭看look over翻閱;瀏覽look into調(diào)查look up to仰慕;尊敬look down upon輕視;看不起day and night日夜；晝夜；整天【詞析】義析:for a long time【典句】they watch for the sick man day and night.他們?nèi)找箍词刂∪??！就卣埂客惔钆洌簄ow and then 不時(shí)地;here and there 到處【詞析】音析:o讀，字母組合th讀形析:cloth(布料)+-ing(后綴)【典句】put clothing in order.把衣物放好了。【辨析】clothing,cloth和clothesclothing是衣物的總稱,是抽象名詞,為不可數(shù)；cloth指“布料”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,但具體指“布”時(shí),則為可數(shù)名詞,如a table cloth。clothes指“(具體的)衣服”,是可數(shù)名詞,永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可與數(shù)字連用。如不能說one clothes,但可以說many clothes。have fun with sb.玩得開心【詞析】義析:have a good time with sb.【典句】i had fun with my classmates last weekend.上周末我和同學(xué)在一起玩得很開心?！就卣埂肯嚓P(guān)搭配：make fun of sb.取笑某人for fun為了取樂；鬧著玩【詞析】音析:字母組合er讀,sion讀形析:permit(s)(v.許可；允許）+sion義析:the act of allowing【典句】the students come to sit down with the teachers permission.經(jīng)老師允許，學(xué)生們坐下來?！就卣埂抗潭ù钆洌簑ith/without sb.s permission (未）經(jīng)某人允許ask for sb.s permission征求某人的許可【辨析】permit和 allowpermit較為正式,含有積極的,從正面允許的含義。allow指“并不反對(duì)”，偏重“默許”“聽任”,含義較為消極。turn up出現(xiàn)；到場【詞析】義析:to make an appearance;arrive【典句】i was expecting him at ten,but he didnt turn up.我指望他十點(diǎn)來,但他卻沒有來?！就卣埂?） turn up其他詞義：表示“把聲音開大點(diǎn)”；如： turn up the radio a little.i cant hear it.把收音機(jī)音量開大一點(diǎn),我簡直聽不見。表示“發(fā)現(xiàn),找到”。如：she turned up the missing papers under her blotter.她在記事本下找到了丟失的文件。2）記住其他與up搭配的短語：stand up站起;lock up鎖起來;set up建