廈門韋博商務(wù)英語對(duì)話自學(xué)實(shí)戰(zhàn) 第十三回合勞資關(guān)系詞匯.doc

廈門商務(wù)英語對(duì)話自學(xué)實(shí)戰(zhàn) 第十三回合勞資關(guān)系詞匯在西方，常會(huì)看到工會(huì)所組織的工人的罷工活動(dòng)。但是在中國，罷工卻很少發(fā)生，工人們一般都習(xí)慣在企業(yè)內(nèi)部自行解決矛盾。而且，在中國罷工等集會(huì)形式都需要得到政府的批準(zhǔn)，否則就是不合法的。 在中國，工會(huì)是自愿結(jié)合的工人階級(jí)群眾組織，是中國共產(chǎn)黨聯(lián)系職工群眾的橋梁和紐帶。中國的工會(huì)形式是這樣的：同一企業(yè)、事業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)單位中的會(huì)員，組織在一個(gè)工會(huì)基層組織中；同一行業(yè)或性質(zhì)相近的幾個(gè)行業(yè)，根據(jù)需要建立全國或地方產(chǎn)業(yè)工會(huì)組織。省、自治區(qū)、直轄市、自治州、市、縣（旗）建立地方總工會(huì)。全國成立統(tǒng)一的中華全國總工會(huì)。一般企業(yè)中的工會(huì)主席由企業(yè)的副職領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼任，并設(shè)副主席和幾名干事。在企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位中，工會(huì)的作用是支持行政依法行使管理權(quán)力，組織職工參加民主管理和民主監(jiān)督，與行政方面建立協(xié)商制度，保障職工的合法權(quán)益，教育職工不斷提高思想道德素質(zhì)和科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)，調(diào)動(dòng)職工的積極性，促進(jìn)企業(yè)、事業(yè)的發(fā)展。工會(huì)常做的事情是發(fā)送福利、組織活動(dòng)、節(jié)日慰問等，平時(shí)還給工人提供法律服務(wù)、社會(huì)保障咨詢等等。同西方一樣，工會(huì)的基本職責(zé)也是維護(hù)職工合法權(quán)益，協(xié)調(diào)勞資關(guān)系，調(diào)節(jié)社會(huì)矛盾。英：Labor union Organization which protects and serves the rights, privileges, and needs of workers. Originally served to curb abuses to low- value, low-skilled, poor workers who usually worked long hours for low pay in service and manufacturing industries. Today, labor unions span across all industries in the West, from automobile plant workers to zoo keepers.Syndicate A syndicate is a group of unions in the same industry (i.e. automobile manufacturing, assembly line workers), or across multiple industries serving the same main industrial sector (i.e. electricians, truckers, technicians, etc.).Union rep A union representative is a union member who is the liaison between management and unionized employees.Grievance A complaint from a union employee or employees who believe that something in the labor contract is not being adhered to.Dues A regular deduction (usually at source) that is paid to the union for membership privileges.Walkout Unapproved stoppage of work by unionized employees to protest something. Generally short in nature.Contract negotiation Negotiation between a company and a labor union to settle items in a new contract or to renegotiate items in an existing contract. It includes such items as: salary, benefits, job security, workloads, working conditions, and safety conditions.Legal strike A stoppage of work by unionized employees, usually due to stalled negotiations for a new contract or to protest violations of the terms in an existing contract. Before striking, the union must obtain approval by a majority of unionized members, serve advance notice to the company of a pending strike, and notify them of the effective date. There is a cooling-off period, usually set by government, between contract expiry and the earliest date that the union is legally allowed to strike.Wildcat strike An illegal stoppage of work by unionized employees. Usually happens when the union feels there has been gross violation and abuse of their rights and privileges as workers and citizens.Scabs Non-unionized employees brought in by management to substitute for unionized workers who are on strike, whether legal or illegal.Arbitration Method of settling disputes between employer and employees by seeking and accepting a decision by a third party. Such arbitration may be compelled by the government or it may be by voluntary agreement. 中：工會(huì)為工人的權(quán)利、利益和需要提供保護(hù)和服務(wù)的組織。它們最早是為防止那些在制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)工作的低價(jià)值、低工資、低報(bào)酬并長時(shí)間勞動(dòng)的窮工人遭到虐待而成立的。如今工會(huì)組織在西方幾乎涵蓋了所有的行業(yè)，從汽車廠工人到動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)員。辛迪加辛迪加是在同一產(chǎn)業(yè)中的一些聯(lián)合會(huì)（如，汽車制造業(yè)的流水線工人），或在同一主要產(chǎn)業(yè)部門的跨行業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)（如，電工，卡車司機(jī)，維修工等）。工會(huì)代表 工會(huì)中成員，代表工會(huì)聯(lián)絡(luò)管理者和工會(huì)成員。申訴 工會(huì)中一名成員或多名成員，抱怨勞動(dòng)合同上的部分條款沒有被履行。會(huì)費(fèi) 按時(shí)從工資中扣除的、工會(huì)成員交給工會(huì)的費(fèi)用。罷工 工會(huì)成員在沒有得到容許的情況下停止工作，以抗議待遇不公。通常時(shí)間較短。合同談判 公司和工會(huì)就新的合同中的條款進(jìn)行談判或重新談判舊合同中的條款。包括工資、福利、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工作強(qiáng)度、工作環(huán)境和安全條件。合法罷工 工會(huì)成員停止工作，通常是由于新勞動(dòng)合同談判受阻，或者原有勞動(dòng)合同條款被違反。罷工前工會(huì)必須征得大多數(shù)工會(huì)成員的同意，提前通知公司即將進(jìn)行的罷工，并通知他們開始的日期。在合同期滿日及工會(huì)被允許合法