延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞xiti.doc

中考英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性問(wèn)題 我們首先要了解什么是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，什么是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞）。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間（幾分鐘/小時(shí)/年），如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用since或for引導(dǎo)，可以用how long對(duì)它進(jìn)行提問(wèn))。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生即結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；另外它也不能和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，而且有持續(xù)的過(guò)程，如果這樣的動(dòng)詞和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，往往表示的是即將進(jìn)行的意思。 在中考里，往往這樣考查同學(xué)們對(duì)這個(gè)概念是否理解：一、till/until的用法中涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問(wèn)題：如果一個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由till/until引導(dǎo)，那么它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞就必須用肯定形式；如果它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞就必須用否定形式。例如：He didnt leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭作業(yè)才離開(kāi)。（在這個(gè)句子里leave 為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以用了否定形式）He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那個(gè)女孩一直到很晚的時(shí)候。（在這個(gè)句子里wait為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以用了肯定形式）二、完成時(shí)態(tài)里涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問(wèn)題： 很多同學(xué)在初學(xué)完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候都不能正確地翻譯這樣的句子，例如：他買(mǎi)這輛車(chē)已經(jīng)兩年了。很多同學(xué)會(huì)把它翻譯成：He has bought this car for two years. 在這個(gè)句子里，動(dòng)詞buy是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是一段時(shí)間，所以把它們聯(lián)系起來(lái)顯然是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。正確的說(shuō)法是：He has had this car for two years. 并不是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，而只是在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是一段時(shí)間的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞只能為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. （當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。）這樣的說(shuō)法沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”（當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始十分鐘了。）就不正確，因?yàn)槭昼姳硎镜氖且欢螘r(shí)間，而begin不能延續(xù)，所以應(yīng)該把這個(gè)句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.三、“how long”短語(yǔ)涉及的動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性問(wèn)題：“how long”是對(duì)一段時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短提問(wèn)，所以和它連用的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如“這本書(shū)我能借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？”不能說(shuō)成：How long can I borrow this book? 而應(yīng)該說(shuō)成：How long can I keep this book? 某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，往往要進(jìn)行改變，對(duì)此我作了簡(jiǎn)單的小結(jié)，請(qǐng)大家牢記：（前面為短暫，后面為延續(xù)）2.買(mǎi) buy: have3.死 die: be dead4.走/離開(kāi)go/leave: be away5.參軍 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier6.入黨 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member7.開(kāi)始放映/展出 begin: be on 8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends9.結(jié)婚marry: be married10.開(kāi)放/營(yíng)業(yè) open: be open11.關(guān)閉/停業(yè) close: be closed中考試題練習(xí)（答案為畫(huà)線部分）1. -How long may I _ the book? - For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy2. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be3. -_ you _ China for a long time? - Yes, I came here three years ago. A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in 4. -How long _ you _ here? - For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming5. Jack has _ for a week. A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold7. When did you join the League ? - Last year. I _ a league member for one year. A. was B. became C. have been8. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please? Im sorry, but I _ it for only two days. I havent finished it yet. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away11. -How long have you _ the motorbike?-For about two weeks. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent12. A: How long can I _ the magazine? B: For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep 13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _it for a week. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend14. Is your father a Party member? Yes, he _the Party three years ago. He _a Party member for three years. A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was15. _your sister _ in Greener China for a long time? Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined16. Dongdong has _ Greener China for two months. A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of 17. -How long may I _ t