初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納(賓語(yǔ)從句).doc

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納：賓語(yǔ)從句為了提高同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)效率，中國(guó)教育在線(xiàn)整理了初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面為大家詳細(xì)講解一下。一、概述賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個(gè)成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)單句She knew the teacher(賓語(yǔ))復(fù)合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(賓從)二、賓語(yǔ)從句1.語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?The small children dont know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西.I dont know which belongs to my father.2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢(qián)嗎?4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。2.連接詞1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。2)當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.但在下列情況下只能用whether： 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)I dont know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I dont know whether or not he does any washing.)I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。 在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪(fǎng)那位老人。I dont know whether to go.我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車(chē)去還是坐火車(chē)去。 whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。The question is whether we can catch the bus.問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車(chē)。 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書(shū)。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書(shū)，請(qǐng)告訴我。3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?3.時(shí)態(tài)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：I dont know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：The children didnt know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。He asked his father how it happened.他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4.注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎?Sorry, I dont know. When he comes back, Ill tell you. 對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了，我將告訴你。I dont know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。He will come if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨，他會(huì)來(lái)的。賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句(六種方法)，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise(和主觀決定有關(guān))等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell(和記憶認(rèn)知有關(guān))等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式(短語(yǔ))來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓＠纾篒t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was d