panda3D官方文檔翻譯.doc

翻譯翻譯 Panda3D Panda3D 手冊手冊 目錄目錄 Panda3DPanda3D 翻譯中的 Panda3D 目錄 因?yàn)槭钦诜g中 所以不完整 I Panda3D 導(dǎo)言 A B 在 Linux 下安裝 Panda3D 的方法 C 使用 Panda3D 前的準(zhǔn)備工作 D 建立您的開發(fā)環(huán)境 E 運(yùn)行您的程序 F 教程 Panda3D 的 Hello World 1 啟動 Panda3D 2 載入綠色的舞臺 3 控制攝像機(jī) 4 載入會動的熊貓模型 5 使用 Interval 控制熊貓的移動 II Panda3D 的程序 A ShowBase B 1 控制 scene graph 2 3 模型的一部分 4 在 Scene Graph 中查找 C 配置文件 1 配置文件 2 完整的控制變量列表 D Model 和 Actor 1 2 載入 Actor 和 Animation 3 Actor 動畫 E 1 2 光照 F G H I J Intervals 1 線性差值 Interval 2 函數(shù) Interval 3 Actor Interval K 任務(wù)和事件處理 1 任務(wù) L 顯示文字圖片 M DirectGUI 1 DirectButton 2 DirectCheckButton 3 4 DirectDialog 5 6 DirectFrame N O 有限狀態(tài)機(jī) 1 FSM 簡介 2 FSM 的簡單使用 3 FSM 的輸入 4 深入 FSM III IV 附帶的示例程序 V VI VII VIII A B C D E 導(dǎo)出 Model 1 2 3 Blender 格式轉(zhuǎn)換 翻譯翻譯 Panda3D Panda3D 手冊手冊 Panda3D Panda3D 導(dǎo)言導(dǎo)言 Panda3DPanda3D 轉(zhuǎn)載時請注明出處 謝謝 Panda3DPanda3D BasicsBasics Panda3DPanda3D 基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ) Panda3D is a 3D engine a library of subroutines for 3D rendering and game development The library is C with a set of Python bindings Game development with Panda3D usually consists of writing a Python or C program that controls the Panda3D library Panda3D 是一個 3D 引擎 一個 3D 渲染和游戲開發(fā)庫 這個庫和 C 或 Python 綁定 用 Panda3D 開發(fā)游戲時要通過 C 或 Python 調(diào)用 Panda3D 庫 Panda was created for commercial game development and its primary users are still commercial game developers Because of this Panda3D needs to emphasize four areas power speed completeness and error tolerance Everyone knows what power and speed are But completeness and error tolerance deserve some extra commentary Panda 是個商業(yè)游戲平臺 他的主要用戶依然是商業(yè)用戶 正因如此 Panda3D 強(qiáng)調(diào)四個方面 能力 速度 完整性和容錯 大家都知道什么是能力和速度 我們對完整性和容錯簡單的介紹一下 Completeness means that Panda3D contains tons of unexciting but essential tools scene graph browsing performance monitoring animation optimizers and so forth These things may not be sexy and as a result open source engines often don t have them But when you re serious about getting work done and not just playing these tools need to be there 完整性的意思是 Panda3D 包含及其枯燥的但重要的工具 場景瀏覽器 性能監(jiān) 視器 動畫優(yōu)化等等 這些東西并不吸引人 因此 引擎的開源版本并不包含 他們 但是您要是想完成工作 而不是用他來玩 您就需要這些工具了 Error tolerance is about the fact that all game developers create bugs When you do you want your engine to give you a clear error message and help you find the mistake Too many engines will just crash if you pass the wrong value to a function Panda3D almost never crashes and much code is dedicated to the problem of tracking and isolating errors 容錯是針對游戲開發(fā)中的錯誤 當(dāng)錯誤出現(xiàn)時 您希望引擎能給您一個明確的 錯誤信息來幫助您找出錯誤 但是許多游戲引擎 會在向函數(shù)傳遞錯誤的參數(shù) 后直接崩潰 Panda3D 幾乎從不崩潰 有很多代碼是專用于跟蹤和分析錯誤信 息的 Finally to come back to power and speed the best way to gauge Panda3D s capabilities is to take a look at the Sample Programs These are short programs that demonstrate a sampling of Panda3D s capabilities The screenshots have frame rates in the upper right corner taken on a Radeon X700 最后 回來談?wù)勀芰退俣?測試 Panda3D 性能的最好的方法試運(yùn)行一個示例 程序 這個簡單的演示程序測試了 Panda3D 的性能 畫面的右上角顯示了幀數(shù) taken on a Radeon X700 Panda3D was developed by Disney for their massively multiplayer online game Toontown It was released as free software in 2002 Panda3D is now developed jointly by Disney and Carnegie Mellon University s Entertainment Technology Center Panda3D 的發(fā)展依靠迪士尼的大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲 Toontown 這是 2002 年發(fā)布的自 由軟件 現(xiàn)在已由迪士尼和卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)娛樂技術(shù)中心完成開發(fā) You can read more about Panda3D s Features 想了解更多的相關(guān)信息請?jiān)L問 Panda3D 的特性 Panda3DPanda3D isis notnot a a Beginner sBeginner s ToolTool oror a a ToyToy Panda3DPanda3D 不是初學(xué)者用的工具或是什么玩具不是初學(xué)者用的工具或是什么玩具 To successfully use Panda3D you must be a skilled programmer If you do not know what an API is or if you don t know what a tree is you will probably find Panda3D overwhelming This is no point and click game maker this is a tool for professionals While It is important to point that out so you have accurate expectations it s also relevant to be aware that Panda3d is one of the easiest and most powerful engines you will ever use and we welcome your participation 要用好 Panda3D 您必須是一個熟練的程序員 如果您不知道是 API 或者 您不知道什么是 樹 您多半會發(fā)現(xiàn) Panda3D 是非常難的 他不是靠單擊鼠 標(biāo)就能制作出游戲的 這是一個專業(yè)工具 這點(diǎn)很重要 您要做好準(zhǔn)備 他也 將是您用過的最簡單的 功能最多的引擎 歡迎您的加 入 If you are just getting started with programming we suggest that your best option is to start with a class on programming Alternately you could try teaching yourself using a training tool like Alice also from CMU While on the discussion of tools it should be noted here for reference that Scene Editor is a very useful tool for constructing components of your panda app and should you wish to consider trying them once you are comfortable with using panda then you can find information about them in the manaul at section VIII H 如果您剛開始編程 我們建議您選擇帶有類的語言 或者 您可以使用像 Alice 這樣的工具來自學(xué) 或者用 CMU 現(xiàn)在聊聊工具 要注意 場景編輯 器 是一個 Panda 下對于建立程序組件非常有用的工具 您應(yīng)該嘗試一下這些 好用的工具 更多的信息請參見第 VIII 節(jié)的 H 部分 Some people have seen screenshots of childrens games written in Panda3D and concluded that Panda3D is graphically limited Not so Developers of childrens games often choose not to use shaders or other advanced graphics because children often own older hand me down computers But Panda3D supports the full range of what modern engines should it provides convenient support for normal mapping gloss mapping HDR cartoon shading and inking bloom and a number of other things It also allows you to write your own shaders making it capable of anything 好多人看到用 Panda3D 編寫的兒童游戲截圖后 會以為 Panda3D 的繪圖功能 不強(qiáng) 不是這樣的 用 Panda3D 編寫兒童游戲時往往不會用到著色器和其他的 繪圖功能 因?yàn)楹⒆觽兺ǔＪ褂眯阅懿惶玫挠?jì)算機(jī) 但是 Panda3D 支持很多 模式 他支持法線貼圖 光澤貼圖 HDR 卡通渲染和線框渲染 bloom 和很多 其他的模式 他也允許您自己寫的著色器 他能做任何事 People sometimes have the mistaken impression that Panda3D is written in python which would make it very slow But Panda3D is not written in python it s written in C The python is just for scripting developers usually write the performance intensive bits in C To see what kind of framerate a small Panda3D program typically gets take a look at the screenshots of the Sample Programs Those were taken using a Radeon x700 Of course only a sample program can run at 400fps like that but but for a real game 60fps is quite attainable One caveat though to get that kind of performance you need to understand 3D cards and 3D performance optimization It doesn t happen automatically Panda3D includes profiling tools you need to hit 60fps 人們經(jīng)常錯誤的認(rèn)為 Panda3D 是使用 python 寫成的 如果是這樣 Panda 會 非常慢 但是 Panda3D 不是用 python 寫成的 而是用 C 寫的 python 僅 僅負(fù)責(zé)腳本部分 引擎用的是性能較好的 C 看一看演示程序的截圖就能知 道小型 Panda3D 程序的幀率如何 這里是用的是 Padeon x700 顯卡 當(dāng)然 運(yùn)行簡單的程序能夠達(dá)到 400fps 的速率 運(yùn)行真正的游戲也能到 60fps 左右 注意 要想獲得好的性能 您需要了解 3D 顯卡和 3D 性能優(yōu)化 他是不會自 動完成的 Panda3D 的分析工具能幫您獲得 60fps 的速率 Panda3D sPanda3D s SoftwareSoftware LicenseLicense Panda3DPanda3D 的軟件協(xié)議的軟件協(xié)議 Since version 1 5 3 Panda3D has been released under the so called Modified BSD license which is a free software license with very few restrictions on usage In versions 1 5 2 and before it used a proprietary license which was very similar in intention to the BSD and MIT licenses though there was some disagreement about the freeness of two of the clauses The old license can still be accessed here 到了 1 5 3 版時 Panda3D 已經(jīng)使用 改進(jìn)后的 BSD 協(xié)議 這是一個限制非 常少的協(xié)議 在 1 5 3 版和后續(xù)版本中 使用的授權(quán)協(xié)議很像 BSD 協(xié)議和 MIT 協(xié)議 雖然兩者對于免費(fèi)的解釋有所不同 使用舊協(xié)議的版本請?jiān)L問這里 Although the engine itself is completely free it comes with various third party libraries that are not free software Some of them like FMOD even restrict you from using it in commercial games unless you have a licensed copy of FMOD Because of this reason Panda3D makes it easy to disable or remove these restricted thirdparty libraries and most of the time it offers an alternative For example instead of FMOD it also comes with OpenAL which you can use instead 盡管這個引擎本身是完全免費(fèi)的 他的第三方庫卻不是免費(fèi)的 其中的某些部 分 比如 FMOD 是限制用在商業(yè)游戲上的 除非您有 FMOD 的授權(quán) 因?yàn)檫@些 原因 Panda3D 提供了禁用這些庫的方法 大部分庫都有替代方案 比如 可 以用 OpenAL 替代 FMOD You can read Panda3D s License 您可以在這里找到 Panda3D 的協(xié)議 WhoWho isis WorkingWorking onon Panda3DPanda3D 哪些人在維護(hù)哪些人在維護(hù) Panda3DPanda3D There are a number of developers in the commercial and open source community Currently the two most active members of the development community are Disney and the Entertainment Technology Center at Carnegie Mellon Because both organizations have specific goals Panda3D must necessarily serve both 許多公司和開源團(tuán)體的程序員在維護(hù) panda 目前 最活躍的兩個社區(qū)是迪士 尼娛樂技術(shù)中心和卡耐基梅隆 因?yàn)檫@兩個團(tuán)體有明確的目標(biāo) Panda3D 一定 注重 Disney s primary interest in Panda3D is commercial Panda3D is being used in the development of a number of Disney games and amusement park exhibits To serve Disney s needs Panda3D must be a fully featured engine capable of all the performance and quality one expects in any A grade commercial title 迪士尼是最初對 Panda3D 的商業(yè)開發(fā)感興趣的公司 Panda3D 是迪士尼 一直用于游戲開發(fā)和多媒體展示的引擎 為配合迪士尼的需要 Panda3D 必須是一個全能的引擎 在所有的性能指標(biāo)上都要達(dá)到 A 級 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) The Entertainment Technology Center s primary goal is education To serve the Entertainment Technology Center s needs Panda3D must be well suited for use in student projects Since students have a unique talent for causing crashes bulletproof reliability is needed Since projects only last one semester the learning curve must be very short and prototyping must be very rapid 娛樂技術(shù)中心一開始的目標(biāo)是教學(xué) 為滿足媒體中心的需要 Panda3D 必須非常適合教學(xué) 學(xué)生們會制造出意想不到的問題 所以穩(wěn)定是必需 的 由于學(xué)期非常的短 模型必須非常迅速 As it turns out the two sets of goals are complementary The rapid development and high reliability needed by the Entertainment Technology Center are also highly advantageous in a game development studio since they lower development time and costs The good visual quality and full feature set needed by Disney to make a professional quality game also turn out to be useful in a university setting with a broad range of features at their disposal students can explore their creativity more fully than they could with a more limited engine 事實(shí)證明 在這兩個目標(biāo)之外 娛樂技術(shù)中心的游戲開發(fā)工作事業(yè)需要迅速的 開發(fā)和高可靠性 較低的開發(fā)式間和開發(fā)費(fèi)用 出色的視覺效果和完善得功能 是是迪士尼制作的專業(yè)游戲所必需的 也是大學(xué)必需的 他的用途很廣 學(xué)生 們可以根據(jù)他開發(fā)另一個引擎 The most supported language is Python Though you can use C too the documentation is mostly aimed at Python use 支持最好的語言是 Python 盡管您也可以用 C 這個文檔更適合 Python 用 戶 TheThe IntroductoryIntroductory ChapterChapter 前言前言 This introductory chapter of the manual is designed to walk you through some of the basics of using Panda3D This chapter is structured as a tutorial not as a reference work 這本手冊的前言介紹一些 Panda3D 的基本知識 這一章的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個教程的結(jié) 構(gòu) 不是工作流程 翻譯翻譯 在在 LinuxLinux 下安裝下安裝 Panda3DPanda3D 的方法的方法 Panda3DPanda3D 轉(zhuǎn)載時請注明出處 謝謝 TheThe InstallationInstallation ProcessProcess LinuxLinux 安裝方法安裝方法 Linux Linux The easiest way to install panda is to use the RPM or DEB packages This is only possible if your version of Linux is one of the provided versions of Linux If not you will need to compile from source If there is an installer available download and install the RPM or DEB appropriate to your version of Linux 安裝 Panda 最簡單的方法是使用 RPM 包或 DEB 包來安裝 不過這個方法只適用 特定的幾個 Linux 發(fā)行版 如果您用的是其他的發(fā)行版 請下載源代碼后編譯 安裝 如果您可以直接使用軟件包 請下載對應(yīng)您 Linux 版本的 RPM 包或者 DEB 包 After installing panda you should run the sample programs to verify that the installation is good To do so you need to change directory to the panda samples directory select a sample program change directory to that sample and run the sample using Python 安裝好 Panda 之后 您需要運(yùn)行一些測試程序來檢查您安裝的是否正確 測試 的方法是 進(jìn)入 panda 的 samples 目錄 在進(jìn)入要運(yùn)行的示例的目錄 然后用 python 運(yùn)行示例 cd usr share panda3d samples ls Asteroids Ball in Maze Boxing Robots Carousel Cartoon Shader Chessboard Disco Lights Fireflies Fractal Plants Glow Filter GUI Infinite Tunnel Looking and Gripping Media Player Motion Trails Music Box Normal Mapping Particles Procedural Cube Roaming Ralph Shadows Solar System Teapot on TV Texture Swapping cd Boxing Robots python Tut Boxing Robots py UsingUsing anan UnsupportedUnsupported LinuxLinux DistributionDistribution oror anan UnsupportedUnsupported PythonPython 使用不被支持的使用不被支持的 LinuxLinux 發(fā)行版或不被支持的發(fā)行版或不被支持的 PythonPython 版本版本 Python packages need to be compiled for a particular variant of python For example a package that works with python 2 4 will not work with python 2 5 A package that works with 32 bit python will not work with 64 bit python A package that works with UCS2 python will not work with UCS4 python And so forth In short a python package must be carefully aligned feature for feature with one particular python interpreter That package will not work with any other python interpreter Python 軟件包需要合適的編譯環(huán)境 比如 一個包能在 python 2 4 下運(yùn)行但 不能在 python 2 5 下運(yùn)行 一個包能在 32 位 python 下運(yùn)行但不能在 64 位 python 下運(yùn)行 一個包能在 UCS2 python 下運(yùn)行但不能在 UCS4 python 下運(yùn)行 以此類推 簡單地說 每個包都和一個環(huán)境一一對應(yīng) 一個包不能運(yùn)行在另一 個 python 環(huán)境之上 Fortunately for you our prepackaged copies of Panda3D are already carefully matched For example our Panda3D for Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon is already perfectly matched to the python interpreter that comes with Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon So normally you don t need to worry about this at all 幸運(yùn)的是 我們?yōu)榇蟛糠窒到y(tǒng)都提供了相應(yīng)的 Panda3D 安裝包 比如支持 Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon 和 Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon 后續(xù)版本的軟件包 所以 沒 什么好擔(dān)心的 If your Linux Distribution is not listed you will need to build your own copy of Panda3D The build process will automatically create a copy of Panda3D which perfectly matches your Linux Distribution s python interpreter This is easy to do but it does require a time consuming compile On the other hand trying to use an RPM or a DEB from some other Distribution is very unlikely to work because of this need for an exact feature for feature match between the python package Panda3D and the python interpreter 如果您的 Linux 發(fā)行版不在我們的支持列表中 您就需要自己編譯 Panda3D 了 編譯過程由 python 腳本自動完成 這個過程很簡單 但很耗時 從另一個方 面說 在這些 Linux 版本上安裝 RPM 包或者 DEB 包是不工作的 因?yàn)檐浖?Python 的解釋器需要和平臺對應(yīng) If you are using a copy of python other than the one that came with the Linux Distribution you have a bigger problem Panda3D s build scripts automatcially build Panda3D for the system s native python interpreter not for some other python interpreter To get Panda3D to build for some other python interpreter you will have to edit the build scripts 如果您從其他復(fù)制 python 您會遇到大問題 Panda3D 的編譯腳本能根據(jù)您的 系統(tǒng)編譯 換了其他的環(huán)境就行不通了 在某些 python 平臺上 您還必須修改 編譯腳本 WhatWhat toto dodo ifif youyou seesee thethe ErrorError Message Message 您看到這些提示時 您看到這些提示時 If you see this error 如果您看到這些提示 display error The application requested harware acceleration but your OpenGL display error driver GDI Generic only supports software rendering display error You need to install a hardware accelerated OpenGL driver or display error if you actually want to use a software renderer then display error alter the hardware software configuration in your Config prc file display error Window wouldn t open abandoning window This error is fairly self explanatory it means your video drivers are inadequate Obtain better drivers 這些錯的意思是 您的顯卡檔次太低 換塊好一點(diǎn)的吧 WhatWhat toto dodo ifif youyou seesee thethe ErrorError Message Message 當(dāng)您看到這些提示時 當(dāng)您看到這些提示時 ImportError No module named direct directbase DirectStart This error means it couldn t find the python modules please make sure you are running the correct version of Python probably python 2 5 that depends on the Panda3D version and that the panda3d pth is located inside the python site packages directory 這個錯誤的意思是沒有找到 python 模塊 請安裝合適版本的 python python 2 5 左右的就可以了 panda3d pth 可以從 python 網(wǎng)站上下載 WhatWhat toto dodo ifif youyou seesee thethe ErrorError Message Message 您看到這些提示時 您看到這些提示時 Warning DirectNotify category Interval already exists This error is of no consequence Ignore it 這個錯誤可以忽略 WhatWhat toto dodo ifif youyou seesee thethe ErrorError Message Message 當(dāng)您看到這些提示時 當(dāng)您看到這些提示時 ImportError usr lib panda3d libpandaexpress so undefined symbol PyUnicodeUCS4 AsWideChar This could mean that your version of python is compiled with the flag Py UNICODE SIZE set to 2 Please find a python version compiled with Py UNICODE SIZE set to 4 which is usually the default See this forum topic for a more detailed explanation about this problem 這個提示的意思是 你的 Py UNICODE SIZE 設(shè)置成 2 了 應(yīng)該設(shè)置成 4 這 個通常是默認(rèn)值 相關(guān)內(nèi)容請參見論壇 翻譯翻譯 使用使用 Panda3DPanda3D 前的準(zhǔn)備工作前的準(zhǔn)備工作 Panda3DPanda3D 轉(zhuǎn)載時請注明出處 謝謝 GeneralGeneral PreparationPreparation 準(zhǔn)備工作準(zhǔn)備工作 You can use multiple programming languages with Panda3D The most commonly used language is Python followed by C Some manual pages offer both C and Python information use the toggle button at the top of the manual page to toggle between C information and Python information 您可以在 Panda3D 下使用很多種語言 用的最多的是 Python 接著是 C 我 們提供的許多手冊都同時支持 C 和 Python 您可以單擊頁面頂端的切換按鈕 隨時切換 翻譯部分只針對 Python For example if you want this page to contain information about learning C instead of learning Python just hit the C link at the top of this page 比如 您希望在頁面中顯示 C 的信息并隱藏 Python 的信息 只需要點(diǎn)擊頁面 上的 C 鏈接即可 翻譯部分只針對 Python LearningLearning PythonPython 學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí) PythonPython Since Panda3D is a library and not a point n click game maker it is needed to learn Python or C before you will be able to use it Since this engine s main goal is to support Python it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with Python before continuing 使用 Panda3D 的庫 不是只用鼠標(biāo)就能完成的 在使用 Panda3D 之前要先學(xué)一 些 Python 或者 C 這個引擎的主要目標(biāo)是支持 Python 建議先熟悉 Python 在繼續(xù)使用您喜歡的語言 Python is an interpreted interactive object oriented language comparable to Java or Perl It is available on several platforms including UNIX Windows OS 2 and Mac Python also has a large number of modules outside of the standard Python installation and additional modules can be created in C or C Because it is late binding and requires minimal memory management it is an ideal language for rapid prototyping Python 是一個面向?qū)ο蟮?交互的 類似于 Java 和 Perl 的解釋語言 Python 支持多種平臺 包括 UNIX Win OS 2 和 Mac Python 也支持由 C 來創(chuàng)建的模塊 因?yàn)樗呛笃诮壎?并且僅需很少的內(nèi)存用來管理 Python 是 一個理想的適合快速開發(fā)的語言 TheThe CopyCopy ofof PythonPython thatthat comescomes withwith PandaPanda 安裝安裝 PandaPanda 需要的需要的 PythonPython It is not necessary to install python because the windows installer for Panda3D includes a copy This is a completely normal copy of python identical to what you would have if you installed python using the standard python installer Panda s built in copy of python is automatically added to the PATH environment variable This enables you to type python at the command prompt and it will run the python that comes with panda 有時您不需要手動安裝 python 因?yàn)樘峁┙o win 的 Panda3D 安裝包已經(jīng)包 含了 python 他會和您用默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)安裝的 Python 一樣 Panda 的 python 會 自動添加系統(tǒng)變量 您可以使用 python 命令來進(jìn)入附帶有 Panda3D 的 Python 控制臺 WhatWhat ifif I I alreadyalready havehave a a copycopy ofof Python Python 當(dāng)您已經(jīng)安裝了當(dāng)您已經(jīng)安裝