如何防止核擴(kuò)散.doc

Effective way to prevent nuclear proliferation is international cooperation.In the context of globalization, international cooperation is particularly important. The purpose of cooperation in that through the efforts of relevant international organizations, international organizations and non-countries, unite all positive forces internationally to limit nuclear proliferation. Effective ways of international cooperation in the field of nuclear non-proliferation, to the full functioning of the UN Security Council, to improve the working mechanism of the IAEA, to broaden the national dialogue channels, and the importance of international non-governmental exchanges.Under the system of international cooperation between the Council.The Council is the most important United Nations agency entrusted with the important mission of maintaining international peace and security. Accordance with the provisions of the UN Charter, the Council is entitled to determine the existence of harm peace and security situation, and to take all actions, including force, to restore peace in the state. This means that the Council can play an irreplaceable role in nuclear non-proliferation affairs. The Council could legally determine the hazards of nuclear proliferation to world peace, can take peaceful means to solve the problem of nuclear proliferation, we can take military measures to eliminate nuclear proliferation situation. At present, the more often used peaceful means of economic sanctions, such as March 7, 2013 Sixth Council resolution against the DPRK had expanded financial sanctions against the DPRK and prevent the DPRK car, jewelry and other luxury goods in the previous resolution, also repeatedly frozen North Korean entities and officials of assets, prohibition of the DPRK to provide and sell luxury goods. Since this means easy for other countries cooperate with each other for efficient international cooperation, we can quickly achieve the purpose and effect of sanctions.International non-proliferation regime is an important part of the international security system, the outlook depends largely on how the new security concept of countries to guide their safety behaviors, forming a virtuous interaction of security. Non-nuclear countries, particularly non-aligned countries, in terms of nuclear disarmament requires nuclear-weapon States to take more concrete actions to provide security assurances to non-nuclear countries substantive, while required to maintain the rights of countries to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to strengthen international cooperation in this field . In contrast, Western countries want to strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation efforts. In fact, for small countries, its limited financial and technical capacity is difficult to support the development of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems and storage facilities, as well as the maintenance and updating of the high cost of nuclear weapons. Bilateral and multilateral dialogue between countries is an important channel to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation on this basis is necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of non-proliferation achieved.Private individuals is to promote nuclear non-proliferation effectives. Maintenance of peace is the common pursuit of insight, whether in nuclear or non-nuclear countries, countries have denuclearization outcry. In the international non-proliferation arena, activity of the plurality of non-international organizations. They engage in a variety of ways nonproliferation advocacy, lobbying, expose, stop work, a significant achievement. The international community should pay attention to and support for civil society activities in this field.Non-proliferation regime is a matter of the field of international relations, diplomacy, law and nuclear technology, including the mechanisms and treaty mechanisms for content organization legal mechanism. Due to the impact of international politics, there are some flaws in this system. In the context of globalization, the nuclear issue facing the international community is more prominent. Improve international cooperation in the field of nuclear non-proliferation mechanism very urgent. Give full play to the functions of the Council, to strengthen the IAEAs mandate, carry out coordination and cooperation as well as non-governmental exchanges between the governments, non-proliferation is an effective way of international cooperation.Nuclear non-proliferation is a common problem facing the international community as one of the nuclear powers and major international political power, China has actively participated nonproliferation act responsibility. China has played an active role in the North Korean nuclear test, the worlds nuclear affairs, but generally speaking, active participation is not enough, there is no substantive ownership. Whether it is in order to safeguard their own national security, or to establish and consolidate the image of a big country, China should actively work to prevent nuclear proliferation. First, actively participate in international non-proliferation affairs, play a leading role. Secondly, to strengthen the relevant legislation, one active participation in international legislation, the second is to strengthen the national nuclear legislation. Again, with other countries to strengthen mutual legal assistance in the nuclear field, to effectively combat nuclear proliferation crime.防止核擴(kuò)散的有效途徑是國(guó)際合作。在全球化背景下，國(guó)際合作尤為重要。合作的目的在于，通過(guò)有關(guān)國(guó)際組織、非國(guó)際組織及國(guó)家之間的努力，團(tuán)結(jié)國(guó)際上一切積極力量，限制核擴(kuò)散。核不擴(kuò)散領(lǐng)域國(guó)際合作的有效途徑，在于充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)的職能，完善國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的工作機(jī)理，拓寬國(guó)家對(duì)話渠道，并重視國(guó)際民間交往。安理會(huì)體制下的國(guó)際合作 安理會(huì)是聯(lián)合國(guó)最重要的工作機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)有維護(hù)國(guó)際和平與安全的重要使命。依據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章的規(guī)定，安理會(huì)有權(quán)判定危害和平與安全情勢(shì)的存在，并可采取包括武力在內(nèi)的一切行動(dòng)，恢復(fù)和平狀態(tài)。這意味著安理會(huì)完全可以在核不擴(kuò)散事務(wù)中發(fā)揮不可替代的重要作用。安理會(huì)依法可以判定核擴(kuò)散對(duì)世界和平的危害，可以采取和平手段解決核擴(kuò)散問(wèn)題，可以采取武力措施消除核擴(kuò)散情勢(shì)。目前，在和平手段中較常采用的是經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁手段，例如2013年3月7日安理會(huì)第六次對(duì)朝決議中就有“擴(kuò)大對(duì)朝金融制裁”和“防止向朝鮮提供賽車(chē)、珠寶等奢侈品”，在以往的決議中亦有多次凍結(jié)朝鮮實(shí)體及官員資產(chǎn)、禁止對(duì)朝提供和銷(xiāo)售奢侈品的條款。因?yàn)樵撌侄稳菀鬃屍渌麌?guó)家相互配合，進(jìn)行高效的國(guó)際合作，能較快地達(dá)到制裁目的和效果。國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散體系是國(guó)際安全體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分，前景如何很大程度上取決于各國(guó)能否以新安全觀指導(dǎo)各自的安全行為，形成良性的安全互動(dòng)。無(wú)核武器國(guó)家，尤其是不結(jié)盟國(guó)家，在核裁軍方面要求擁有核武器國(guó)家采取更多實(shí)際行動(dòng)，向無(wú)核國(guó)家提供實(shí)質(zhì)性安全保障，同時(shí)要求維護(hù)各國(guó)和平利用核能的權(quán)利，加強(qiáng)該領(lǐng)域的國(guó)