論《卡斯特橋市長》中亨察德和法爾弗雷的對(duì)比英語論文.doc

本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）冊 學(xué)院 XXX學(xué)院 專業(yè) 英語教育 班級(jí) XXX班 學(xué)生 XXX 指導(dǎo)教師 XXX XXXX大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書編 號(hào)： 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目：論卡斯特橋市長中亨察德和法爾弗雷的對(duì)比學(xué) 院： XXX學(xué)院 專業(yè)： 英語教育 班級(jí)： X班 學(xué)生姓名： XXX 學(xué)號(hào)： XXXX 指導(dǎo)教師： XXX 職稱： XX1、 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）研究目標(biāo)及主要任務(wù)本論文研究目標(biāo)是探討小說卡斯特橋市長中兩位主人公亨查德和法爾弗雷的性格特點(diǎn)。主要任務(wù)是分析其生活觀、事業(yè)觀的不同。 2、 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的主要內(nèi)容論文分為四章。第一章探究兩位主人公性格的相似之處，第二章研究其生活觀的不同，第三章分析其事業(yè)觀的不同，第四章歸納其最終命運(yùn)的不同。矚慫潤厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴。3、 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的基礎(chǔ)條件及研究路線論文的基礎(chǔ)條件是兩位主人公的成長環(huán)境和教育背景有著天壤之別，從而導(dǎo)致最終命運(yùn)的大相徑庭。研究路線是根據(jù)兩位主人公對(duì)日常生活中態(tài)度的不同，總結(jié)出其生活觀和價(jià)值觀的不同。聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛氌譴凈。4、 主要參考文獻(xiàn)Ibsen，Henrik. A Dolls House. New York : Modern Library College Editions, 1982.殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟。Philip Rice, Patricia Waugh. Modern Literary Theory. London: Arnold, 2011.釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐。Du, Xiuhon. 2011. “Contrast between Henchard and Farfrae”. Foreign Language Teaching Methods No. 12, 45-6.彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡。聶珍釗. 文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評(píng)及其它：聶珍釗自選集. 武漢:華中師范大學(xué)出版社，2012伊格爾頓. 二十世紀(jì)西方文學(xué)理論.北京:北京大學(xué)出版社，2007詹姆遜.論文化研究.北京:中國人民大學(xué)出版社,20045、 計(jì)劃進(jìn)度階段起止日期1確定初步論文題目3月16日前2與導(dǎo)師見面，確定大致范圍，提出初步要求3月23日前3提交論文提綱3月30日前4交初稿和文獻(xiàn)綜述4月20日前5交終稿和評(píng)議書5月8號(hào)指 導(dǎo) 教師： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 日XXXX大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）開題報(bào)告書 XXX 學(xué)院 英語教育 專業(yè) XXXX屆學(xué)生姓名XXX論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目論卡斯特橋市長中亨察德和法爾弗雷的對(duì)比指導(dǎo)教師XXX專業(yè)職稱XX所屬教研室高年級(jí)教研室研究方向英語語言文學(xué)課題論證：從對(duì)待生活，事業(yè)，愛情等角度研究兩位主人公態(tài)度的不同，導(dǎo)致其最終命運(yùn)的不同。方案設(shè)計(jì)：第一章探究兩位主人公性格的相似之處，第二章研究其生活觀的不同，第三章分析其事業(yè)觀的不同，第四章歸納其最終命運(yùn)的不同。進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：3月16日前確定初步論文題目3月23日前與導(dǎo)師見面，確定大致范圍，提出初步要求3月30日前提交論文提綱4月20日前交初稿和文獻(xiàn)綜述5月8號(hào)交終稿和評(píng)議書指導(dǎo)教師意見： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日教研室意見： 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日XXXX大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）文獻(xiàn)綜述Literary reviewsThe novel The Mayor of Casterbridge , written by Thomas Hardy, relates the rise and fall of Henchard, who became an honorable mayor from a humble hay-trusser. But after Farfrae, a passionate and intelligent young man with plenty of fresh ideas, came into his life, his career began to decline gradually. In the end, he lost the position of the mayor, and died in misery. On the contrary, all the glories and achievements swarmed to Farfrae. The story took place when England was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution, which marked a new era in English history. Almost every aspect of the daily life was affected. The book is one of Hardys Wessex novels, which are also regarded as novels of character and environment. Wessex novels are known for the vivid description of the unexpected change of life of the people who live in an agricultural setting threatened by the storm of the invading capitalism. In this thesis, the tension between tradition and innovation is clearly reflected through the conflict between the two mayors, Donald Farfrae and Michael Henchard. They had such a different destiny. According to their different fates, thesises from home and abroad give so many explanations. In terms of the Thomas Hardy, he saw the tremendous changes influenced by the Capitalism in his own very eyes. Through he was a modern, even a revolutionary writer in his time, most of his read him now as a lyrical pastoralist. It may be a sign of the times that some of us take his books to bed, as if even his pessimistic vision was one that enabled us to sleep soundly. Hardy often said: “Happiness is nothing more than occasional episode drama in pain”. His pessimism towards life can be tracked back to his attitude to the change of current society. Although he knows clearly that he can not alter this historical course, he doesnt want to accept that in his inner heart. But, the fact is that, he has to. Considering the love and sentimentality to his hometown, he created the pessimism image-Henchard. No matter how much he cherishes his hometown, it is true that the peaceful and pastoral countryside can not resist the invasion of Capitalism. That is to say, Henchard can not adapt to the new environment. On the contrary, Farfrae, a young man from Scotland with new thoughts, will win.Once mentioning the name of the book The Mayor of Casterbridge, most people will think the mayor only refers to Henchard. Because the whole novel describes the rise and fall of the man Henchard, including his humble birth, the mistakes he made when he was young, the measures he took when he was in change of the corn management, etc. In the beginning of the story, a vulgar mans selling his wife opens the prelude of the scene. People begin to keep a watchful eye on the mans succeeding stories. In the end, readers feel sorry for the mans miserable destiny. Therefore, from the beginning to the end, people give more concern to Henchard than other actors of the novel. Whats more the subtitle of the novel is A Man of Chacter. However, if the mayor only refers to Henchard , what about Farfrae? Later he takes Henchards place and becomes the mayor. So it is wrong to assert that Henchard is the protagonist. In fact the “mayor” is the combination of Henchard and Farfrae. That can be deduced from Hardys attitude towards the society. In other words, Henchard and Farfrae right represent two sides of Hardys mind.Many scholars give their analysis in terms of Henchards failure. “Character is Fate, said Novis, and Farfraes character was just the reverse of Henchards, who might not inaptly be described as Faust has been describedas a vehement gloomy being who had quitted the ways of vulgar men without light to guide him on a better way. Throughout the novel, his changeable temper made him into fierce competitions with Farfrae, who stripped him of his pride and poverty. And his insecurities led him to deceive the people who really loved him. Still, people think he is a worthy man, a “Man of Character”. The reason lies in his determination to suffer and in his ability to endure great pain. In a world that seems guided by the “scheme of some sinister intelligence bent on punishing human beings, there can be no more honorable and more righteous characteristic than Henchards brand of defiant endurance. In many aspects, Farfrae is opposite to him. Farfrae has good humor, efficient business, polish behaviors, all of which make him extremely popular among the towns citizens. However, it is theses qualities that eventually make him Henchards rival. All the time, Farfrae remains patient, fair-minded, and generous in the matters with the ruined Henchard.Another saying about Henchards failure lies in Hardys pessimism towards life. As an outstanding realistic critic, Hardy reveals the sin hidden in the false prosperity and the suffering of people in the Victorian Age through his particular angle and sharp eyes. He uncovered the hard life under the Capitalism. Since he had seen the dark side of the society and the desperation towards reality, he sensed the corruption of Capitalist, realized the hardship and helplessness of people, and revealed them deeply. For him, fate is governed by a kind of mysterious force. People can never control his own destiny, except to march by the track devised already. This thought is reflected in his works. Therefore his works are filled with pessimism. Hardy has an observing eye, a remembering mind; he does not need the Greeks to teach him that the Furies do arrive punctually, and that neither act, not will, nor intention will serve to deflect a mans destiny from him, once he has taken the step which decides it.XXXX大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評(píng)議書姓 名XXX學(xué)院XXX學(xué)院專業(yè)英語教育年級(jí)（班）XXXX級(jí)英教X班論 文 題 目論卡斯特橋市長中亨察德和法爾弗雷的對(duì)比完成時(shí)間XXXX年5月8號(hào)論文內(nèi)容摘要卡斯特橋市長，副標(biāo)題是一個(gè)人性格的生與死，它是托馬斯哈代在1886年完成的一部悲劇小說，屬于威塞克斯小說的一種。威塞克斯小說主要描述資本主義的盛行給英格蘭的社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治領(lǐng)域帶來的意想不到的巨大變化。這篇故事的發(fā)生背景是邁克爾亨查德統(tǒng)治下的卡斯特橋，在亨查德的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，卡斯特橋位置偏遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。但是當(dāng)及熱情，智慧和新思想于一身的新青年唐納德法爾弗雷出現(xiàn)時(shí)，形勢就發(fā)生了變化。小說卡斯特橋市長向我們展示了亨查德和法爾弗雷之間復(fù)雜和激烈的競爭。他們經(jīng)營著相同的生意谷物。他們愛上了同一個(gè)女人露西塔。逐漸地，他們之間的緊張關(guān)系愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)哈代 “性格決定命運(yùn)”說，很明顯，法爾弗雷將贏得市長的位置。本篇論文解釋了他們的最終命運(yùn)差別如此巨大的原因，主要采用對(duì)比和對(duì)照的方法。第一章講述了兩位主人公的性格，包括相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。第二章探討他們個(gè)人生活觀的不同，呈現(xiàn)了他們對(duì)待婚姻和人際關(guān)系的不同。第三章研究他們事業(yè)觀的不同。通過以上論述，讀者將會(huì)意識(shí)到亨查德注定要被法爾弗雷擊敗。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語 年 月 日指 導(dǎo) 教 師職稱初評(píng)成績答辯小組姓名職稱教研室組長成員答辯記錄： 記錄人簽字： 年 月 日答辯小組意見： 組長簽字： 年 月 日學(xué)院意見： 評(píng)定成績： 簽章 年 月 日 本科生畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì) 論卡斯特橋市長中亨察德和法爾弗雷的對(duì)比作者姓名 XXX 指導(dǎo)教師 XXX 所在學(xué)院 XXX學(xué)院 專業(yè)（系） 英語教育 班級(jí)（屆） XXXX級(jí) 完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 8 日 A Contrastive Analysis of Henchard and Farfrae inThe Mayor of CasterbridgeByXXXProf. XXXX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of EnglishLanguage and Literature in PartialFulfillment of theRequirements for the Degree of B.A in EnglishAt XXXX University摘 要卡斯特橋市長，副標(biāo)題是一個(gè)人性格的生與死，它是托馬斯哈代在1886年完成的一部悲劇小說，屬于威塞克斯小說的一種。威塞克斯小說主要描述資本主義的盛行給英格蘭的社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治領(lǐng)域帶來的意想不到的巨大變化。這篇故事的發(fā)生背景是邁克爾亨查德統(tǒng)治下的卡斯特橋，在亨查德的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，卡斯特橋位置偏遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。但是當(dāng)及熱情，智慧和新思想于一身的新青年唐納德法爾弗雷出現(xiàn)時(shí)，形勢就發(fā)生了變化。謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔。出生在鄉(xiāng)下且文化水平不高的邁克爾亨查德從唐納德法爾弗雷那里咨詢很多谷物管理方法，法爾弗雷受過良好的教育并且為人精明，他深受當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦臍g迎，被認(rèn)為更有資格作市長。因此，他們有很多沖突。小說卡斯特橋市長向我們展示了亨查德和法爾弗雷之間復(fù)雜和激烈的競爭。他們經(jīng)營著相同的生意谷物。他們愛上了同一個(gè)女人露西塔。逐漸地，他們之間的緊張關(guān)系愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)哈代 “性格決定命運(yùn)”說，很明顯，法爾弗雷將贏得市長的位置。廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷。本篇論文解釋了他們的最終命運(yùn)差別如此巨大的原因，主要采用對(duì)比和對(duì)照的方法。第一章講述了兩位主人公的性格，包括相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。第二章探討他們個(gè)人生活觀的不同，呈現(xiàn)了他們對(duì)待婚姻和人際關(guān)系的不同。第三章研究他們事業(yè)觀的不同。通過以上論述，讀者將會(huì)意識(shí)到亨查德注定要被法爾弗雷擊敗。煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚。關(guān)鍵詞 沖突 競爭 命運(yùn) 性格AbstractThe Mayor of Casterbridge, subtitled “The Life and Death of a Man of Character”, is a tragic story written by Thomas Hardy in 1886. The book is one of Hardys Wessex novels, which describe the unexpected and huge changes in fields of society, economy, politic in England after the invasion of Capitalism. This story is set in a fictional town of Casterbridge under the reign of Michael Henchard, in whose charge the town is very remote and removed from the scientific and technological advancements. But the situation is changed by the appearance of Donald Farfrae, a passionate and intelligent young man with plenty of fresh ideas.鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴。Michael Henchard, a country man without much knowledge, consults a lot from Donald Farfrae, well-educated and shrewd about the methods of the corn management. The latter is greatly welcomed by the local people and is believed to be more qualified for the mayor. Therefore, they have many conflicts. The story of The Mayor of Casterbridge presents a complicated and fierce competition between Henchard and Farfrae. They work on the same businesscorn. They fall in love with the same womanLucetta. Gradually, the tension of their relationship is more and more serious. According to Hardys notion “Character is fate”, it is obvious that Farfrae wins the crown of the mayor in the end. 籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)。This thesis will analyze the reasons why they have such a big difference in the final destiny. It mainly adopts the methods of comparison and contrast. Chapter One deals with the characters of the two protagonists. Chapter Two studies distinct visions on personal life, which presents the attitude towards marriage and interpersonal relations. And Chapter Three relates their different perceptions of career. From these comments, the readers will realize that Henchard is doomed to be defeated by Farfrae. 預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴。Key words conflicts competition destiny character滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦。Table of ContentsIntroduction.1Chapter One Comparison of the Two Characters.3鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡。Chapter Two Distinct Visions on Personal Life A. Different Education Backgrounds.5B. Attitudes towards Interpersonal Relations.6擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔。C. Values on Marriage.10Chapter Three Different Perceptions of CareerA. Consciousness about Current Situation.13B. Conceptions on Management Control.14贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷。C. Notions of Business Opponents.16Chapter four Difference in the Final Destiny.19壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚。Conclusion.21Notes.23蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅。Bibliography.24買鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄。IntroductionThe Mayor of Casterbridge, written by Thomas Hardy, is one of Hardys Wessex novels, which are also regarded as novels of character and environment. The book was finished in 1886 when England witnessed a great change under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, which was a transition from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, and the increasing use of steam power, etc. It marked a new era in English history. Almost every aspect of the daily life was affected. Wessex novels describe the huge changes after the Industrial Revolution (or the invasion of Capitalism), such as the society, politics, ethics economy, and customs in England. They are known for the vivid description of the unexpected change of life of the people who live in an agricultural setting threatened by the storm of the invading capitalism. In this thesis, the tension between tradition and innovation is clearly reflected through the conflict between the two mayors, Donald Farfrae and Michael Henchard.綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴。Thomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockhampon in Dorset, a rural region of England where Hardy set most of his fictions. Novelist, poet, and painter, Hardy was initially an architect in the city of Dorchester. Later the city served as the model for Hardys fictional Casterbridge. Hardy wanted to attend university eagerly and enter the church, which was expressed in his novel Jude the Obscure. Given his declining religious faith and lack of money, he decided to pursue the career in writing instead. After years of hardwork, failure and obscurity, he achieved his success in his critical novel Far from the Madding Crowd, published in 1874. Finally he made a living as a writer.驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦。As the invasion of Capitalism marked a turning point of England, great changes took place in various aspects of life. The novel The Mayor of Casterbridge chronicles the dramatic change of an isolated, rural agricultural community into a modern city, which can also be found in Hardys other novels such as Tess of the DUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. In these novels, Hardy explores the effects of cultural and economic development: the decline of Christianity as well as folk traditions, the rise of industrialization and urbanization, and the unraveling of universally held moral codes. Hardy ever said: “Happiness is nothing more than occasional episode drama in pain”.1(all the quotations are taken from The Mayor of Casterbridge unless otherwise noted) Hardys pessimism comes from his concern about the change of his hometown. Although he cant alter this historical transformation, he isnt willing to accept the fact in his deep emotion. 貓蠆驢繪燈鮒誅髏貺廡。 The Mayor of Casterbridge reveals the complex characters of Henchard, stubborn, jealous, conservative, impulsive, etc. Generally speaking, Henchard was a country man without much education, while Farfrae was a shrewd and wise businessman, well-educated. When Hench met Farfrae, a passionate and intelligent young man with plenty of fresh ideas, through their totally different angles towards the world and a series of fierce competitions, it was doomed that the latter will won eventually. Henchards old, traditional methods of corn management could not meet the scientific and technological advancements the Industrial Revolution brings to the society. Instead, Farfare was able to suit for all the changes. In fact, the two main characters Henchard and Farfrae, rightly represent two different forces: the tradition and the innovation. The traditional productive methods are destined to be replaced by the advanced productivity. Hardy, appropriating the words of the eighteenth-century German writer Noalis, stresses that “Character is Fate”. This thesis will explore the different characters of Henchard and Farfrae through their different views on personal life and career, adopting the methods of comparison and contrast.鍬籟饗逕瑣筆襖鷗婭薔。Chapter One Comparison of the Two CharactersOnce mentioning the name of the book The Mayor of Casterbridge, most people will think the mayor only refers to Henchard. Because the whole novel describes the rise and fall of the man Henchard, including his humble birth, the mistakes he made when he was young, the measures he took when was in change of the corn management, etc. In the beginning the story, a vulgar mans selling his wife opens the prelude of the scene. People begin to keep a watchful eye on the mans succeeding stories. In the end, all feel sorry for the mans miserable destiny. Therefore, from the beginning to the end, readers give more concern to Henchard than other actors of the novel. Whats more, the subtitle of the novel is A Man of Character.構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖。However, if the mayor only refers to Henchard, what about Farfrae? Later he took Henchards place and became the mayor. So it is wrong to assert that Henchard is the protagonist. In fact the “mayor” is the combination of Henchard and Farfrae. That can be deduced from Hardys attitude towards the society.輒嶧陽檉籪癤網(wǎng)儂號(hào)澩。Hardy often said: “Happiness is nothing more than occasional episode drama in pain”. His pessimism towards life can be tracked back to his attitude to the change of current society. Although he knows clearly that he can not alter this historical course, he does not