學(xué)人教版選修8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Period1Reading（8頁(yè)word版）.doc

2018學(xué)年度人教版選修8unit 3 inventors and inventions period1reading教材分析和教材重組教材分析本單元的中心話題是“發(fā)明家與發(fā)明”，具體涉及“發(fā)明與發(fā)現(xiàn)的區(qū)別”，“發(fā)明產(chǎn)生的過(guò)程”和“申請(qǐng)發(fā)明專(zhuān)利的條件”。通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，可以幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立生活的信心，激勵(lì)學(xué)生開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，發(fā)揮想象力和創(chuàng)造力去發(fā)明以解決生活中可能遇到的問(wèn)題；同時(shí)告訴學(xué)生不要害怕失敗， 成功的發(fā)明家往往要經(jīng)歷很多次實(shí)驗(yàn)的失敗。通過(guò)本單元的語(yǔ)言技能訓(xùn)練，要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)使用正確得體的英語(yǔ)打電話以及寫(xiě)求職信。1. warming up 讓學(xué)生了解發(fā)明與發(fā)現(xiàn)的區(qū)別并討論描述一些熟悉的現(xiàn)代文明；為本單元reading部分的精彩故事做好了詞匯鋪墊。2. pre-reading 提供發(fā)明家為了讓其發(fā)明得到認(rèn)可所必須通過(guò)的六個(gè)程序。 。3. reading 是一篇記敘文。故事講的是一個(gè)女孩如何通過(guò)多次嘗試最后成功地把在她母親家院子里安家的一窩蛇捉住并放歸大自然，她的捕蛇技術(shù)申請(qǐng)了發(fā)明專(zhuān)利。4. comprehending 共有3個(gè)練習(xí)，這3個(gè)練習(xí)的設(shè)置由表及里，由淺入深，非常科學(xué)。練習(xí)1是淺層次的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)理解題；練習(xí)2要求學(xué)生在正確理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上，激勵(lì)學(xué)生開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋，發(fā)揮想象力和創(chuàng)造力去發(fā)明以解決生活中可能遇到的問(wèn)題；練習(xí)3要求學(xué)生判斷什么樣的發(fā)明才能獲得專(zhuān)利并給出理由，加深對(duì)專(zhuān)利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理解。5. learning about language 分為兩部分，discovering useful words and expressions是本單元的詞匯練習(xí)題; discovering useful structures是本單元的語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題，通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，要求學(xué)生熟練掌握過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。6. using language 部分在閱讀和聽(tīng)力材料中分別介紹了電話發(fā)明家亞力山大格雷厄姆貝爾以及當(dāng)今發(fā)明家詹姆斯戴森的故事。并通過(guò)操練打電話和寫(xiě)求職信進(jìn)一步訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說(shuō)和寫(xiě)的能力。教材重組1. 將warming up，pre-reading，reading與comprehending整合在一起上一節(jié)“閱讀課”。2. 將learning about language和workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一節(jié)“語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)課”。3. 將using language設(shè)計(jì)為一節(jié)包括聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)在內(nèi)的“綜合技能課（一）”。4. 將workbook的reading and listening和talking結(jié)合在一起上一節(jié)“聽(tīng)說(shuō)課”。5. 將workbook的listening task，reading and writing task和speaking task設(shè)計(jì)為一節(jié)“綜合技能課（二）”。課時(shí)分配1st period reading2nd period language study3rd period integrating skills()4th period listening and speaking5th period integrating skills() period 1 readingaimsto help students develop their reading abilityto help students learn about inventors and inventionsproceduresi. warming up by learning about the past participle used as attributives分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞前置we can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人分詞后置 (i分詞詞組；ii 個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii 修飾不定代詞 something等)there was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里this is the question given. 這是所給的問(wèn)題there is nothing interesting. 沒(méi)有有趣的東西過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa. 典型例題 1) the first textbook _ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. a. have writtenb. to be writtenc. being writtend. written答案d. 書(shū)與寫(xiě)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句 which is written 2）whats the language _ in germany?a. speakingb. spokenc. be spokend. to speak答案b. 主語(yǔ)language與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過(guò)去分詞形式，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)language, spoken 與 language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 該句可以理解為：whats the language (which is) spoken in german? ii. pre-readingwhat is invention? invention is the successful exploitation of new ideas, new objects. by reasoning, analyzing and experimenting new things and new ideas are invented for the benefits of the world. look at the photo, please. this man is a great inventor called thomas edison.thomas edison received over 1000 u.s. patents, the most issued to any individual. some people also credit him with an invention that received no patent: the modern corporate research laboratory. while this conclusion is arguable, his menlo park laboratory was intentionally designed to be an invention factory. it housed a large reference library, and often served to showcase the wizards work. some who worked in or visited the lab later became competitors.“box telephone” telegraph sewing machine light bulbiii. reading for forms read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. iv. copying and making sentencesyou are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. you may make your own sentences with each of these expressions.expressions from the problem of the snakescall upon the telephone給打電話, in the countryside在農(nóng)村, in our yard在院子里，come near the house走近房子, now and then時(shí)而、有時(shí)，make ones home here在這里安家, get rid of除掉, feel very proud感到自豪驕傲, a chance forto do某人做的機(jī)會(huì), distinguish oneself顯揚(yáng)自己，使自己揚(yáng)名, invent something發(fā)明某物, catch snakes捉住蛇, hurt these living creatures傷害這些生物, be designed to do旨在做, kill snakes殺死蛇, a new approach新方法, set about doing著手開(kāi)始做, research the habits of研究的習(xí)性, trapin the easiest way用最簡(jiǎn)易的方法捕, make the solution easier使問(wèn)題比較容易解決, be prepared with做準(zhǔn)備, decide on決定, remove ones habitat鏟除的棲息地, attractinto a trap把引進(jìn)陷阱, use male or female perfume or food用男人或女人用的香水或食物, become sleepy困乏, be easily caught容易被捉住, an ice-cream maker一個(gè)之冰激凌的器具, between the outside and inside walls of the bowl在碗的外壁和內(nèi)壁, freeze hard凍結(jié), placeover把放在上方, on top of 在上方, keep cool保持冷卻, cover the whole thing with用把整個(gè)罩住, a large bucket一個(gè)大桶, abruptly disappear into a convenient hole突然一下子就消失在附近的洞里, adjust ones plan調(diào)整計(jì)劃, for the second attempt第二試驗(yàn), leaveovernight把通宵放在, early the next morning第二天一早, see the result看結(jié)果, get down to do蹲下去做, pick up撿起, improve ones design改進(jìn)方案, repeat the earlier procedure重復(fù)上次程序, carry in ones hand手里拿著, a small net used for一個(gè)用來(lái)的小網(wǎng), in the expectation that預(yù)料到, be monitored carefully仔細(xì)監(jiān)視, go according to plan按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行, the passive snakes溫順的蛇, releaseall back into the wild全都釋放到野外, be pressed by由于的督促, sendto the patent office把送到專(zhuān)利局, get recognition for給與認(rèn)可, have the recognition取得認(rèn)可, truly an inventor真正的發(fā)明者, in addition此外, get a patent去得專(zhuān)利, a scientific theory一種科學(xué)理論, a mathematical model一種數(shù)學(xué)模式, a computer program一個(gè)電腦程序, a large number of patent examiners一大批專(zhuān)利審查人員, ones application for.申請(qǐng), fill in the form填表, file ones patent application with the patent office向?qū)＠痔峤簧暾?qǐng)書(shū), a matter of事情, succeed by the size of ones bank balance看某人的銀行結(jié)余判斷是否成功, wish luck祝好運(yùn)v. reading to transform informationthe problem of the snakeswhy was my mother upset?there are some snakes in our yard.why did i feel very proud?here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm themwhat was the first thing i tried to do?the first thing i tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me.what are the three possible approaches?firstly, removing their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they became sleepy and could be easily caught.how many attempts did i make? i made three attempts.my first step:vi. reading to draw a diagram of the text and retell the test in your own wordsinventing something that would catch snakes but not harm themcooling the snakes so that they became sleepy and could be easily caughtplacing the frozen bowl and ice-cubes over the snakes habitat and covering the bowl with the bucket collecting the passive snakes and releasing them back into the wildfilling in the form and filing my patent application with the patent officethe problem of the snakesadditional materialscomplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.when i called up my mother she was 1_ because there were some 2_ in the yard. she asked me whether i could get 3_ of them. having thought that it would be a 4_ for me to 5_ myself by inventing something that would catch snakes without 6_ them, i was willing to have a 7_. first, i set about researching the 8_ of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 9_, i decided on three possible 10_: firstly, 11_ their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a 12_ using male or female 13_ or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they became 14_ and could be easily caught. i decided to use the last one. unluckily, i tried twice but failed and i had to 15_ my plan. my third 16_ was successful. i collected the snakes and the next day we 17_ them all back into the wild. 18_ by my friends and relations, i decided to send my invention to the 19_ office to get 20_ for my successful idea.（key: 1. upset 2. snakes 3. rid 4. chance 5. distinguish 6. harming 7. try 8. habits 9. second 10. approaches 11. removing 12. trap 13 perfume 14. sleepy 15. adjust 16. attempt 17. released 18. pressed 19. patent 20. recognition ）comprehension questions1. after being asked to get rid of the snakes in the yard, the writer felt very _.a. upset b. proud c. angry d. disappointed2. from the text we know that _.a. the writer knew nothing about the habits of snakes b. if the snakes are cooled, they will become sleepy c. the writer succeeded in catching the snakes without any difficultiesd. it is easy to get a patent3. no invention will get a patent unless it is_.a. a scientific theory or mathematical model b. a new animal or plant varietyc. truly novel d. a game or program 4. which of the following statements about a patent is not true according to the passage?a. a search will be made to find out that your product really is different from everybody elses.b. a large number of patent examiners will examine whether your claim is valid or not.c. if you pass the test, your application for a patent will be published 16 months from the date you apply.d. youll know if you get the recognition by the size of your bank balance.（key: 1. b 2.b 3. 4. c）notes to some difficult sentences1. here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them. 這回我有機(jī)會(huì)表現(xiàn)一下自己了，我要發(fā)明一個(gè)既能捉住蛇又不會(huì)傷害它們的東西。distinguish oneself: to cause(oneself) to be eminent or recognized 意思是“使自己與眾不同；使自己出名”； that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句限定something。 they have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers. 他們以全心全意的社會(huì)工作者而著稱(chēng)。 2. this was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 這是（因?yàn)槲遥╊A(yù)料到蛇還會(huì)再咬人。句中的that從句是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，做expectation的同位語(yǔ)。there was a general expectation that he would win.普遍認(rèn)為他會(huì)獲勝。3. the criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. 評(píng)定專(zhuān)利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，因此除非設(shè)想真的很新穎，否則很難被接受。這里that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。主句與從句是原因與結(jié)果的關(guān)系，譯作“因此”。she described the events so graphically that i could almost see them.他把那些事件描述得活靈活現(xiàn)，我?guī)缀跄苡H眼目睹了。 4. the criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. 評(píng)定專(zhuān)利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，因此除非設(shè)想真的很新穎，否則很難被接受。novel在此處是形容詞，意思是“新的；新穎的；新奇的”。其名詞形式是novelty。the novelty of office work wore off, and jim soon got tired of it. 辦公室工作的新鮮感消失了，吉米很快就對(duì)它厭倦了。she is always looking for novelty items to wear. 她穿著上總是追求新穎。5. “l(fā)eave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. all really big discoveries are the result of thought.” 譯文是：“偶爾離開(kāi)平路， 去尋求困境。當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的東西。跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺(jué)中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果。”beaten track 踩出來(lái)的路；慣例they live miles off the beaten track. 他們住的地方遠(yuǎn)離人煙。 【高考鏈接】only倒裝句在高考題中的使用 only + 狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)（修飾副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句）放在句首，主句要部分倒裝 the teacher told me that only in that way could i learn english well.老師告訴我只有以這種方法，我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。i received my mothers call at 11a.m., only then did i remember it was my birthday today.我上午十一點(diǎn)接到媽媽的電話。只有那時(shí)我才記起今天是我的生日。only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。使用特點(diǎn)：1. 在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語(yǔ)部分無(wú)助動(dòng)詞，則須找助動(dòng)詞來(lái)幫助它構(gòu)成倒裝句。如：only after the war learned he the sad news. (錯(cuò))only after the war did he learn the sad news. (對(duì))2. only 修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不可倒裝。only when did he return did we find out the truth. (錯(cuò))only when he returned did we find out the truth. (對(duì))3. only 修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不可倒裝。 only can he answer the question. (錯(cuò))only he can answer the question. (對(duì))【高考鏈接】1. only then _how much damage had been caused. (2006陜西)a. she realized b. she had realized c. had she realized d. did she realized2. only after my friend came _. (2005福建)a. did the computer repair b. he repaired the computer c. was the computer repaired d. the computer was repaired3. only when your identity has been checked, _. （2003上海）a. you are allowed in b. you will be allowed in c. will you allow in d. will you be allowed in4. i failed in the final examination last term and only then _the importance of studies. （2004 重慶）a. i realized b. i had realized c. had i realized d. did i realized5. _a mobile phone can you ring _you want to talk with anywhere. (2005朝陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)a. using; whoever b. only on; whoever c. by; whomever d. not only with; whoever6. only under special circumstances _to take up those tests. (2006 濰坊四月)a. are freshmen permitted b. freshmen are permitted c. permitted are freshmen d. are permitted freshmen7. only when the war was over _to his hometown. (2001上海)a. did the young soldier return b. the young soldier returnedc. returned the young soldier d. the young soldier did return【鞏固練習(xí)】1. onlywhenclassbegan_thathehadlefthisbookathome. a. willherealize b.hedidrealize c.didherealize d.shouldherealize 2.onlywhenyouhavefinishedyourhomework_gohome. a.canyou b.wouldyou c.youwill d.youcan 3._canyouexpecttogetapayrise. a. withhardworkb.althoughworkhardc.onlywithhardworkd.nowthatheworkshard 4. onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_beabletobe good at