高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài).doc

高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別（1） 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，英譯漢時可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已經(jīng)看過，且了解這本書的內(nèi)容)（2） 一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用，英譯漢時可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如： I read the novel last month.(只說明上個月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))2 表示將來時間的幾種形式比較（1） shall / will 與 be going toshall / will 強(qiáng)調(diào)將來的動作或狀態(tài); be going to 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)指向?qū)淼漠?dāng)前意圖和打算。如： Itll soon be Christmas. 很快就是圣誕節(jié)了。Im going to listen to rock-on-roll. 我打算聽搖滾樂。shall / will 表示未經(jīng)預(yù)先思考，計劃的意圖，be going to 表示先經(jīng)過思考，計劃的將來。如：-The phone is ringing.-Ill answer it. ( 不可說 Im going to answer it.)shall / will 表示說話人認(rèn)為，假定要發(fā)生的事，而be going to 表示有跡象表明馬上要發(fā)生的事。如：It looks as if it is going to rain soon.(2) be to do sth 表示將來表示按計劃，安排將要發(fā)生的動作（常用于新聞，廣播，報道官方計劃或決定） The president is to visit China later this year.(3) be about to 表示將來表示眼看就要發(fā)生的事情，可用于有生命或無生命的主語，不跟表將來的時間狀語。Dont get out. We are about to have dinner.(4) be doing 表將來 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等詞可用進(jìn)行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作 He is moving to the south.(5) 一般將來時表示將來 時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 The meeting starts at five oclock.3 下面主動形式常表示被動意義。如： The window wants / needs / requires repairing. The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold. The book is worth reading twice. The clothes wash well./ The book sells well.4 一些特殊句式中的時態(tài)（1）在含有“by the end of”或“by the time”的句式中，如果其表示的是過去時間，主句常用過去完成時；如果其表示的是將來時間，主句則常用將來完成時。如： 1 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A would be completedB was being completedC has been completedD had been completed 2 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A will graduateB will have graduatedC graduatesD is to graduate(2) 在“祈使句+and / or +并列分句”的句型中，并列分句中謂語動詞常用一般將來時。如：Try some of this juice-perhaps you _ it.A likeB will likeC have likedD liked(3) 在“It / This / That +be +序數(shù)詞+time + that從句”的句型中，要注意主從句時態(tài)的一致。如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，從句謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果主句為一般過去時，從句謂語則常用過去完成時。如：I was lucky actually, because that _ the second time I _ China that year.A was; had visited B was; visited C is; have visitedD was; have visited(4) 在“It + be + 一段時間 + since 從句”的句型中，如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時；如果主句為一般過去時，從句則常用過去完成時。如：-What was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A afterB beforeC whenD since(5) 在“It + be +一段時間 + before 從句”的句型中，如果主句為一般將來時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時；如果主句為一般過去時，從句則常用一般過去時。如：It will be six years before we _ again.A will meetB meetC metD have metIt _ not long before he told us about the affair.A will beB isC had beenD was(6) 在“It is (about / high ) time + that 從句”的句型中，從句謂語動詞常用一般過去時態(tài)。如：It is high time we _A startB startedC will startD have started(7) 在“would rather + 從句”的句式中，從句常用一般過去時態(tài)。如：-Who would you rather _ there with you ?-Jenny.A goB goingC to goD went(8) 在“hardly / scarcelywhen 和 no soonerthan”的句式中，從句常用一般過去時，主句常用過去完成時。如：Scarcely had he gone into the room when the phone _.A rangB had rungC would ringD ring強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1-Thank goodness, youre here! What _ you? -Traffic jam.A keepsB is keepingC had keptD kept2 The house could fall down soon if no one _ some quick repair work.A has doneB is doingC doesD had done3 The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A were waitingB had been waitingC had waitedD would wait4 She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A would changeB has changedC changedD was changing5 All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A encouragesB encourageC is encouragedD are encouraged6 -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A was waitingB had waitedC am waitingD have waited7 He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A sawB has seenC seesD had seen8 -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A was not invitedB have not been invited C hadnt been invitedD didnt invite9 The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A was comingB had comeC has comeD came10 Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A has closed downB closed down C is closing downD had closed down11 More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A treatedB have treatedC had been treated D have been treated12 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A beginB beganC have begunD had begun13 -The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks.A hasnt cleanedB didnt clean C wasnt cleanedD hasnt been cleaned14 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A was missingB had missedC will missD missed15 -Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A didB has doneC was doingD had done16 I _ you not to move my dictionary -I cant find it.A askedB askC was askingD had asked17 According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.A is expectedB expectsC expectedD is expecting18 The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A isB wasC has beenD had been19 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A persuadeB will persuadeC be persuadedD are persuaded20 -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower.A had startedB startedC have startedD was starting21 How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A has beenB had beenC wasD will be22 -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I? -You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A had saidB saidC were sayingD had been saying23 I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A wouldnt expectB havent expect C hadnt expectedD wasnt expecting24 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?A didnt theyB dont they C mustnt theyD havent they25 -Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. -You _ something.A have leftB are always leavingC are leavingD always left26 -I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. -Oh, I _ myself.A am talk