譯林版高二英語選修8學案：Unit1Section I.doc

unit 1the written word詞匯poetry n. 詩歌fiction n. 小說；虛構的事characteristic n. 特征，特點adj. 典型的，獨特的，特有的novelist n. 小說家opera n. 歌??；歌劇團；歌劇院abuse vt.虐待；辱罵；濫用desperate adj.鋌而走險的，拼命的，絕望的；非常需要，渴望generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；寬厚的，仁慈的bent adj.彎曲的；駝背的；不誠實的n天賦，愛好live up to 達到，符合(期望)violence n. 暴力，暴行resist vi.& vt. 反抗，抵制，抵擋worn out adj. 破爛不堪的，廢舊的；精疲力盡的brand new adj. 全新的，嶄新的rescue n&vi.&vt. 救援，營救intend vt.&vi. 打算，計劃，想要句型1.“so/such.that”引導結果狀語從句2make賓語賓補3would rather do.than do.4表示喜歡、厭惡的動詞之后加it，后接if/that/wh從句5what引導主語從句6unless引導條件狀語從句7where引導定語從句語法否定陳述寫作寫一篇文學評論考向such；make賓語賓補；hate it if its not clean；主語從句；unless；where；compare；否定陳述等charles dickens，the greatest representative(代表) of english critical realism(批判現(xiàn)實主義)，was born in 1812 at portsmouth.when he was four years old，his family moved to chatham，and the five years he spent there was the happiest of all his boyhood.in 1821 the dickens family moved to a poor quarter in london.mr.dickens was heavily in debt.finally he was taken to the prison for debt.shortly afterwards mrs.dickens and the younger children went to the prison，too，to join the father.the 12yearold charles was sent to work in a factory.work there began at eight in the morning and ended at eight at night.he spent sundays at the prison，and during the week he was out working all day.his miserable life at the factory left an everlasting，painful brand on the boys mind.years later，when he was a man，he would not walk by the place where the factory had lain.all this had a deep influence on dickens thought and works in after years.charles dickens visited america in the fall of 1867.wherever he went，the reception was always the same.the night before tickets went on sale，crowds arrived and lined up before the door.by morning the streets became campgrounds with men，women，and children sitting or sleeping right there.in new york city，over 5000 people waited from nine oclock in the morning for the evening performance.everywhere the readings were successful，but audiences were surprised to hear their favorite novel characters speak with an english accent.after 76 readings，dickens got on a ship for england.when his fellow passengers requested a reading，he replied that rather than read a word，he would assault(毆打) the captain and be put in prison.appreciating literature細節(jié)理解1 in the end，_ is more important for pip.awealth bfriendshipceducation dmoney2 which one doesnt belong to charles dickenss works?aoliver twistbdavid copperfieldcgreat expectationsdthe merchant of venice主旨大意3 mist is a symbol of _in great expectations.adanger and uncertaintybeducation and moneycdanger and happyddanger and money細節(jié)理解4 the twist in the plot of great expectations is _.athat pip lives with his sisterbthat a very generous stranger gives pip a lot of moneycthat pip meets with estelladthat pip moves to london5 great expectations is set in _.aengland in the early 1800sbparis in the early 1800scengland in the late 1800sdparis in the middle 1800s.robert burns and his poetry細節(jié)理解1 which is not burns work?ato a mousebthe holy fairca red，red rosedode to a nightingale2 the romantic movement started around _ and lasted until about _.a1780；1830 b1750；1770c1750；1850 d1770；1870主旨大意3 the romantic poets often used _as a theme in their poetry.anature bflowercfarming ddeath推理判斷4 in a poem，the_expressed is(are)more important than the language used.aemotions bhappinesscsorrows danger細節(jié)理解5 robert burns is a poet of _.aengland bscotlandcireland dfrance答案：.1.b2.d3.a4.b5.a.1.d2.a3.a4.a5.bpart welcome to the unit，reading & word power1they are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.(page 2)經(jīng)典文學作品是很久以前創(chuàng)作的小說、戲劇和詩歌，寫得很好，直至今日人們?nèi)匀辉陂喿x這些作品。1)結構剖析主句為“they are novels，plays and poems”?！皌hat were written a long time ago and were so well.nowadays”為定語從句，修飾先行詞novels，plays and poems。在定語從句中，又出現(xiàn)了“.so well written that people still read them nowadays.”這一結果狀語從句。2)so/such.that引導結果狀語從句he was so excited that he couldnt speak.他興奮得連話都說不出來。we have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.我們已做好安排，所以每天我們總有一人在值班。mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.邁克是一個如此誠實的工人，我們都相信他。it is such fine weather we all want to go to the park.天氣這么好，我們都想去公園。he earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙錢這么少，不能養(yǎng)活他的家庭。(1)如果前后句子主語一致，引導結果狀語從句的so.that也可用so.as to.或such (.) as to替換。the windows are so small asnot to admit much light at all.窗戶那么小，以致光線不能充分透進來。(2)在“so.that.”句型中，“so adj./adv. ”位于句首時，主句謂語動詞要用部分倒裝。so excited was he that he couldnt speak.他如此興奮以致不能說話。,11)長難句翻譯in spite of all his efforts he failed.he was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.譯文：_2)(1)句型轉換we were such fools that we believed him.we were_ _ _ _ believe him.(2)單項填空pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.aas bthatcwhich dwhereit is _ work of art that everyone wants to look at it.aa so unusual bsuch an unusualcso unusual dsuch unusualpeter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit chongqing.awhere bthatcwhy dwhenso sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.adid the attack bthe attack didcwas the attack dthe attack wasthe weather was _ cold that i didnt like to leave my room.areally bsuchctoo dsoi havent seen ann for _ long that ive forgotten what she looks like.asuch bverycso dtoo2.this makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.(page 2)這讓許多人認為名著閱讀起來很困難，因此它們經(jīng)常被遺忘在書架上布滿灰塵。此句中使用了“make賓語賓補”這一常用結構，其中賓語補足語可以用名詞、形容詞、動詞的過去分詞或不定式來充當，以表示賓語的情況或動作。marx made london the base for his revolutionary work.馬克思把倫敦作為他革命工作的基地。our english teacher always tries his best to make his classes lively and interesting.我們的英語老師總是想方設法使他的課既活潑又有趣。he raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高聲音以便使別人聽到他的話。you may take a horse to the water，but you cant make him drink.牽馬到河邊易，逼馬飲水難。make之后作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to，但當make用于被動語態(tài)時，不定式前須帶to。she was made to sing us a song at the party.在那次聚會上，我們讓她唱了首歌。2.1)用動詞的適當形式填空(1)what made you _ (think) so?(2)when you speak english，be sure to make yourself _ (understand)(3)he was made _ (stay) after school by the teacher.(4)this dress makes me _ (look) fat.2)單項填空(1)helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.amaking herself hearbto make herself hearcmaking herself hearddto make herself heard(2)the poor light made _ hard _.a/；for us to find the tiny ink markbthe tiny ink mark；for us to findcthe tiny ink mark；for us to be founddit；we will find the tiny ink mark(3)as the busiest woman in norton，she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.athis bthat cone dit3.three years later，in 1998，a modern adaptation of charles dickenss novel great expectations appeared in cinemas.(page 2)三年后的1998年，根據(jù)查爾斯狄更斯的小說遠大前程改編的現(xiàn)代版影片在影院上映。adaptationn. 改編；改寫；適應this is a screen adaptation of shakespeares macbeth.這是莎士比亞的麥克白的電影改寫本。desert species need the adaptation to the hot conditions.沙漠物種需要適應炎熱的環(huán)境。(1)adapt vt.改編；適應adapt.to.使適應；(使)適合we had to adapt quickly to the new system.我們不得不迅速適應新體制。(2)adapt sth.for sth.為改編；adapt.from.從改編為three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的小說中有三部已改編成電視劇。(3)adopt vt.采用，采納；收養(yǎng)，領養(yǎng)all three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三個隊處理這個問題的方法各不相同。adopt a child領養(yǎng)孩子3.1)翻譯句子(1)she made a good adaptation to her new post._(2)our school has adopted a new teaching method._(3)the play has been adapted from a novel._(4)all his suggestions have been adopted._2)單項填空(1)it took him a while _ himself _ his new surroundings.ato adapt；to bto adopt；tocadapting；to dadopting；to(2)the old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.aadopt badaptcbring dreceive(3)the good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.aadapt bappealcattach dapply4.pips sister often abuses him，.(page 3)皮普的姐姐經(jīng)常辱罵他，abuse vt.虐待；辱罵；濫用 n. 濫用；妄用；虐待；辱罵all the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有這些兒童的身心都受到了摧殘。journalists covering the case have been threatened and abused.報道此案的新聞記者遭到了恐嚇和謾罵。he abused his body with heroin.他因吸服海洛因把身體搞垮了。when i gave her some advice on her work，she gave me a stream of abuse.a child abuser一個虐待兒童的人abusive adj. 惡語的；毀謗的；虐待的4.1)翻譯詞組(1) abuse ones power _(2) abuse animals _(3) abuse drug _(4) to shout abuse _2)完成句子(1)她濫用自己的職權將工作安排給朋友們。she_ _ _ by giving jobs to her friends.(2)他因被控貪污腐化和濫用職權而遭逮捕。he was arrested on charges of corruption and _ _ _.3)單項填空it has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and positions to get illegal profits for themselves.aemploy btake cabuse doverlook5. .，but joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to pip.(page 3)但是喬是一個淳樸、善良的人，他寧愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何傷害。would rather do.than do.寧愿而不愿she would rather stay at home than go shopping.她寧愿待在家里也不愿去購物。i would rather borrow money from the bank than turn to you for help.我寧愿向銀行借款也不愿向你求助。would you rather eat at home or go to a restaurant?你愿意在家吃飯，還是在外面的餐館吃？(1)“寧愿而不愿”的表達would do.rather than do.prefer to do.rather than do.prefer doing/n. to doing/n.(2)would rather sb.did sth.寧愿某人現(xiàn)在或將來做某事i would rather you told me the news now.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在告訴我這個消息。(3)would rather sb.had done sth.寧愿某人過去做了某事5.單項填空(1)rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle.aride；ride briding；ridecride；to ride dto ride；riding(2)i would rather you _ me now.apaid bpaycwill pay dare paying(3)i would rather you _ here yesterday.acame bcomecshould come dhad come(4)im sure youd rather she went to school by bus，_？ahadnt you bwouldnt youcarent i ddidnt she(5)do you mind if i open the window?_ i feel a bit cold.aof course not.bid rather you didnt.cgo ahead.dwhy not？6.pip dislikes it when joe comes to visit him in london.(page 3)當喬來倫敦看他時，皮普很不高興。it經(jīng)常被放在表示喜歡、厭惡的動詞如love，like，appreciate，enjoy，prefer，hate，dislike之后，后接if/that/wh從句，it代指從句中所提到的內(nèi)容。i dont like it when you speak to your mother like that.我不喜歡你那樣對你媽說話。i will appreciate it if you can help me.如能幫忙，我將不勝感激。i hate it when someone speaks with his mouth full of food.我討厭人們嘴里塞滿食物時說話。she doesnt enjoy it when her husband drives fast.她不喜歡她丈夫開快車。ait指物，也可代替this，that。bit指時間、距離、天氣、情況等。cit指不明性別或性別無關緊要的人或嬰兒。dit用作形式主語或形式賓語。eit用于一些特殊結構如強調結構。it is cold here in the house.這房子里很冷。who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？its me.是我。is it a boy or a girl？這是個男孩還是女孩？it is easy to solve the problems.解決這些問題很容易。it is only two years since i got to know him.我只認識他兩年。6.單項填空(1)_ seems that he has left for home.athis bitcthat dwhich(2)i hate _ when you always complain.athat bthiscit dwhat(3)you can depend on _ he will keep his promise.athat it bit thatcit it dthat that(4)oh，_ you.i never thought i would see you here.aits byourecthat is dits(5)ive read another book this week.well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.athis bthatcthere dit(6)human body has the ability to kill virus to protect _.ait bthemchimself ditself(7)i like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but i dont have enough money to buy _.aone bit cthis dthat7.pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning estellas love.(page 3)皮普決心要成為一名紳士，贏得埃斯特拉的愛。bent adj. 彎曲的；駝背的；不誠實的；決心的n. 天賦，愛好just as the twig is bent，the tree is inclined.彎曲的樹苗長成彎曲的樹。he has a bent for art.他愛好藝術。bent on (doing) something決心做某事(通常指壞事)he was bent on making them happy.他一心想讓他們幸福。follow ones bent 憑某人興趣做事7.1)完成句子(1)這彎曲的金屬片能自己變直。the_ strip can straighten up by itself.(2)他決心要寫完他的隨筆。hes_ _ completing his essay.(3)他總是憑興趣做事。he is always _ _ _.2)翻譯句子she is bent on becoming a film star when she grows up._8.what it really means to be a gentleman is an important theme in great expectations.(page 3)什么是真正的紳士，這是遠大前程的一個重要主題。what it really means to be a gentleman是主語從句，what作means的賓語，it為形式主語，to be a gentleman為真正的主語。what引導主語從句what i need are more books.我所需要的是更多的書。what he wants is money.他想要的是錢。it isnt known what he has done.人們不知道他做了什么。what引導主語從句時，在主語從句中作一個句子成分，意為“什么；所的”，相當于一個名詞加一個定語從句；what從句作主語，若主句中動詞是系動詞時，謂語根據(jù)表語來判斷；同時，我們還可用it作形式主語，把what從句放到后面。what除了可以引導主語從句外，還可引導表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句，但注意what不引導定語從句。8.1)翻譯句子nobody knows what will happen next._2)單項填空(1)_ we cant get seems better than_ we have.athat；what bwhat；thatcthat；that dwhat；what(2)what we want to say _ two words “thank you.”ais barecwere dhave been(3)when asked _ they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.awhat bwhycwhom dwhich(4)it is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.asince bwhatcwhen dwhether9.in a persuasive essay，the author tries to convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view.(page 3)在勸說性的文章中，作者盡力地說服讀者接受某種觀點。convincevt.使信服；使相信；說服i cannot convince myself that she has failed.我無法讓自己相信她失敗了。i couldnt convince him of his mistake.我無法說服他認識錯誤。i am absolutely convinced that the plan will work.我絕對相信這項計劃是可行的。we convinced anne to go by train rather than plane.我們說服了安坐火車去，不要搭飛機。convincing adj. 令人信服的；有說服力的she couldnt show us convincing evidence.她無法給我們出示令人信服的證據(jù)。the data we have collected is not enough to be convincing.我們所收集的證據(jù)還不足以令人信服。convinced adj.確信的；信服的convince sb.of sth./that勸服某人相信某事be convinced of sth./that某人被勸服相信某事comnvince sb.to do sth.勸服某人去做某事9.1)翻譯句子(1)he made a convincing speech._(2)im convinced that i am right._2)單項填空(1)although he offered her a high salary，he couldnt _ her to accept a position with his firm.aadvise bpersuadecconceive dconvince(2)his appearance has _ the fans of a sure victory for the houston rocket in the coming nba contest.aaccused bexpectedcconvinced dpersuaded3)句型轉換i am convinced that he is honest.i _ _ _ _ _.10.，and then with finn going to a rich and crazy womans house to be estellas companion. (page 5)，后來芬恩去了一個富有卻瘋狂的女人家去當埃斯特拉的伙伴。companion n. 旅伴；伴侶；陪伴；伙伴，同伴；成對的物品之一tom was my companion on the journey.湯姆是我的旅伴。fear was the hostages constant companion.人質一直都感到恐懼不安。wo became companions in misfortune.我們成了患難之交。(1)company n. u陪伴；做伴；客人 c公司；一群人keep pany陪伴某人；做伴in company with sb.與某人一起be good (bad) company是有趣(乏味)的伙伴(2)accompany vt.陪伴accompany sb.to.陪某人去10.1)翻譯句子(1)a dog is a faithful companion._(2)where is the companion to this sock?_2)單項填空(1)i11 keep _ company while you are waiting.ayour byoucyours dthe(2)i used to have a _ to that vase，but i broke it.acompany baccompanyccompanion dcommunity(3)it is said that dogs will keep you _ as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.asafety bcompanychouse dfriend11.，as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.(page 5)，因為它可能不符合你的期望。live up to符合，不辜負(期望)；遵守，實踐(諾言、原則等)you must live up to your promise.你必須實踐自己的諾言。the players failed to live up to their coachs expectations of them.選手們辜負了教練對他們的期望。his wife was so clever that he felt that he could never live up to her.他妻子非常聰明，他感到自己無法比得上她。11.1)完成句子他忠實地實踐了他的諾言。he faithfully_ _ _ his promise.2)單項填空the wto cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.aas long as bwhilecif deven though12.her novel pride and prejudice was chosen as “nations bestloved book” in bbcs big read in 2003.(page 7)她的小說傲慢與偏見在2003年的英國廣播公司舉辦的大閱讀活動中被評選為“全國最受喜愛的書”。prejudice n. 偏見；成見vt.使懷有偏見；有損于their decision was based on ignorance and prejudice.他們的決定建立在無知和偏見的基礎上。i must admit to a prejud