譯林版必修一unit 3 looking goodfeeling good grammar課件（59張）.ppt

grammarandusage 定語(yǔ)從句theattributiveclauses 定語(yǔ) 用來(lái)修飾限定 thisisaredcar thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding thewomandoctorismywife ihavesomethingtotellyou themaninfrontofthegateismr li everystudenthasanenglishbook 定語(yǔ) 名詞 what sthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart 1 maryisa21 year oldstudent sheisanicegirl 2 maryisastudent21yearsold maryisastudentinhertwenties 3 maryisastudentwhois21yearsold mainclause theattributiveclause maryisastudentwhois21yearsold hewholaughslastlaughsbest 主句部分 從句部分 從句部分 attributiveclause定語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中 用來(lái)修飾某一名詞 代詞的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句 在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞 故稱為形容詞性從句 antecedent先行詞 被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞 relativepronouns定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 緊跟先行詞 并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分 relativepronouns who whom which that whose和as maryisastudentwhois21yearsold allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethatimade isatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasdiane 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語(yǔ)從句常用關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系代詞 who whom whose that which as等 在句中作主 表 賓 定等成分 關(guān)系副詞 where onwhich when inwhich why forwhich 在句中作狀語(yǔ) e g themanwholivedonthethirdfloorwasafamousscientist 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語(yǔ)從句 1 who先行詞指人時(shí)用關(guān)系詞who 在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 但是她的前面不能有介詞 如果帶介詞必須用賓格whom 即 介詞 whom eg sheisthegirlwithwhomiwillgotoshanghai 她就是要和我一起去上海的女孩 2 whom當(dāng)先行詞指人充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 可以用關(guān)系代詞who或whom 但whom比who要更正式 此時(shí)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略 4 that關(guān)系代詞that可以指人也可以指物 在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 5 which關(guān)系代詞which用來(lái)指物 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略 3 whose當(dāng)先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)指人或物用關(guān)系代詞whose davidisakindperson healwayshelpsothers davidisakindpersonwhoalwayshelpsothers subject ilikethegift hegotthegiftforme ilikethegiftwhichhegotforme object heisagreatboy hisnamewillberemembered heisagreatboywhosenamewillberemembered attribute 定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇 取決于先行詞 被修飾詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中的位置 成分 e g thepeoplewhom who thatyoumetinthecampusarefromaustralia 作賓語(yǔ) thiswasthetimewhen atwhichsheleftforbeijing theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists 使用要點(diǎn) 1 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 不能省略 e g theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped 2 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí) ?？墒÷?e g thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks 3 關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略 e g ihavecometoexplainthereasonwhyiwasabsentfromthemeeting doyouknowtheprofessorwillgiveusaspeechnextweek ireadareportabouthisnewnovelwillsoonbepublished theplantheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast thisisthenewsecretaryiwouldliketointroducetoyou thesoldierlegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay who that 作主語(yǔ) that which 作主語(yǔ) that which 作賓語(yǔ) who whom that 作賓語(yǔ) whose 作定語(yǔ) 用關(guān)系代詞填空 并指出該關(guān)系代詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾詞起到限制 修飾的作用 一般不可缺少 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充 附帶說(shuō)明作用 缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解 e g shesaidshehadfinishedherwork whichidoubtedverymuch i vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatihavetodealwith 考點(diǎn)1 在定語(yǔ)從句中可以看出who that指人時(shí)可以通用 但在下列情況下則宜用who 而不用that 1 當(dāng)先行詞是one ones anyone those等代詞時(shí) 宜用who onewhofearsnothingiscertainlybrave 一個(gè)什么都不怕的人當(dāng)然是勇敢的 thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished 那些違反法律的人應(yīng)該受到懲罰 anyonewhofailstfinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized 任何人不能完成指定的任務(wù) 都應(yīng)受到批評(píng) 2 當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí) 宜用who thestudentfromoxfoduniversitywhospeaksfluentchinesewillcometochinaforfurtherstudy 那個(gè)來(lái)自牛津大學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)流利中文的學(xué)生將會(huì)來(lái)中國(guó)做進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí) imetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinchinese 昨天 我在街上遇到一位能用漢語(yǔ)問(wèn)我問(wèn)題的外國(guó)人 3 一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that 為了避免重復(fù) 另一個(gè)宜用who theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdayisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard 昨天你在學(xué)校門口看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)男孩是我們的班長(zhǎng) 他學(xué)習(xí)非常的認(rèn)真 4 在therebe開(kāi)頭的句子中 宜用who therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsttheplan 很多年輕的男士都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃 thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou 有個(gè)老人要見(jiàn)你 1 doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand 2 theonlything wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice 3 whoistheman isstandingthere 4 herbag in sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen 5 sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth that that that which which 考點(diǎn)2 that與which 在下列情況下 只宜用that 而不用which 1 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí) eg thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution 這是用來(lái)防止污染的最好的辦法 englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears 英語(yǔ)是這幾年當(dāng)中你所學(xué)科目中最難得一科 2 先行詞是序數(shù)詞 或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞 heisthelastperson that iwanttosee 他是我最不想見(jiàn)的人 itisthefirstamericanmovieofthiskindthati veeverseen 這是我看到的第一部這類美國(guó)影片 3 主句已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí) whichisthebikethatyoulost 你丟失的是哪輛自行車 whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting 在大會(huì)上被表?yè)P(yáng)的那位婦女是誰(shuí) 4 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí) 宜用that doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingaboutinthehall 你知道他們?cè)诖髲d里正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪虑?5 先行詞是all much little something everything anything nothing none theone等代詞時(shí) 用that youshouldhandinallthatyouhave 你們應(yīng)該吧你們所有的一切都交上來(lái) wehaven tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou 我們沒(méi)有許多能向你們提供的東西 imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow 我指的是你剛剛談到的那個(gè) 6 先行詞前面有only any few little no all oneof thesame thevery等次修飾時(shí) 宜用that theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney 我們唯一能做的就是給你一些錢 limingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass 李明是我們班想當(dāng)老師的學(xué)生之一 7 有兩個(gè)定于從句 其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which 另一個(gè)宜用that edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore 愛(ài)迪生辦了一家工廠 生產(chǎn)過(guò)去從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的東西 fillintheblankswith who whom whose thatandwhich 1 onefailstoreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman 2 isthistheshopsellschildren sclothing 3 thisistheboyfootballwaslost 4 thatyouborrowedfrommewasn tarealdiamondnecklace 5 heisnolongertheshyboyhewas who that whose which that 6 theyrefusedtotakeonanyone eyesightwaspoor 7 thegentleman youtoldmeaboutyesterdayprovedtobethief 8 whoisthestudentwaslateforschool whose whom that 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 in with on by which whom 單個(gè)介詞 關(guān)系代詞 whom which 介詞確定依據(jù)a依從句中的動(dòng)詞 形容詞 名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定b依先行詞與從句中動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定thetwothingofwhichtheyfeltveryproudwerejim sgoldwatchanddella shair aharvesterisamanwhoisharvestingoramachinewithwhichweharvestcrops 注意 如何判斷介詞 thegirl whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim heistheman whomithinkyoucandepend 1 看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 for on 2 看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配 hereferredmetosomereferencebooks whichiamnotveryfamiliar dolphinsmightbetrainedtocooperatewithfishermenandhelpthembyfindingorevencatchingfish allofwhichactivitiesdolphinsareexpert with in 3 根據(jù)先行詞判斷 所用的介詞與先行詞搭配 therate whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased thisisourclassroom whichthereisateacher sdesk at inthefrontof 1 theteacher ilearntmostwasmrszhu 2 thisisthehouse luxunoncelived 3 hewillneverforgettheday hecametobeijing 4 thereason icamehereisthatiwanttogetyourhelp 5 thefellow ispokemadenoanswer fillintheblankswithproperwords fromwhom inwhich onwhich forwhich towhom 6 thewestlake hangzhouisfamous isabeautifulplace 7 thisistheshop mydaughterworks 8 thepencil hewrotewasbroken 9 shehasthreechildren all areatschool 10 thepoliceman thethiefwascaughtisanoldman 11 iwassurprisedattheway hetreatedtheoldman forwhich inwhich withwhich ofwhom bywhom inwhich relativeadverbs when where andwhy when指時(shí)間 相當(dāng)于in at onwhich 修飾先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞 如time moment month day year等 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet iwillneverforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet ontheday where指地點(diǎn) 相當(dāng)于in at fromwhich 修飾的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞 如school house place village等 在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 hedoesn t trememberthenameofthefarmwherehisfatheronceworked hedoesn t trememberthenameofthefarmonwhichhisfatheronceworked onthefarm why指原因 相當(dāng)于forwhich 在定語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ) pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouwerelateagain pleasetellmethereasonforwhichyouwerelateagain forthereason exercises 1 afterlivinginparisforfiftyyearashereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild whichb wherec thatd when2 thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar awayvillage untilb thatc whend where3 thereason theyquarreledisquiteclear a thatbwhyc whend inwhich pleasecomparethefollowingsentencesandfillintheblanks 1 istillrememberthedayswevisitedthecountry side 2 istillrememberthedayswespenttogether when that 3 ireturntothevillageiwasbroughtup 4 ireturntothevillagewepaidavisittolastweek 5 idon tknowthereasonhewaslate 6 idon tknowthereasonheexplainedtotheteacher that why that where tocombinethetwosentencesintoonesentenceusingwhen whyandwhere 1 i llneverforgettheday ijoinedtheplaonthatday 2 lifanglivesinthatstreet doyouknowthestreet 3 canyouexplainthereason youactedinthatwayforit i llneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedthepla doyouknowthestreetwherelifanglives canyouexplainthereasonwhyyouactedinthatway summary ifyouwanttochoosethecorrectrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbs first youshouldfindtheantecedentandthenyoushoulddecidewhichparttheantecedentplaysinthesentence thesubject theobjectortheadverbial 常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類型舉例 一 在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ) 如1 someoftheboysiinvitedthemdidn tcome 2 thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary 二 把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò) 如 1 anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished 2 thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome breaks have 3 heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowfrenchinourschool 4 thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow 三 誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 1 thekeyopensthebikeismissing 2 childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth knows are which that who that 四 定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞 如 1 thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing 2 istillrememberthedayonwhenifirstcametobeijing 五 在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 1 istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether2 thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear which that which that 六 在先行詞reason后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞why 1 haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence 2 idon tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate which that whichthat 七 誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句 如 1 itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout 2 wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn tcome that that 1 haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend a thosewhob hewhoc thatwhod youwho2 thisisthelongesttrain ihaveeverseen a whichb thatc whatd whom3 weallknow swimmingisaverygoodsport a whichb thatc asd who 選擇填空 4 ishallneverforgetthoseyears ilivedinthefarm youvisitedlastweek a when whereb which whichc when whichd which where5 theradioset lastweekhasgonewrong a iboughtitb whichiboughtitc iboughtd whatibought6 hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows mostof hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear a theseb themc thatd which 7 thedaywillcome thepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation a thatb wherec whichd when8 mr herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho inchina a worksb isworkingc areworkingd hasbeenworking9 theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool a whichb thatc whod whom 10 myglasses iwaslikeablindman felltothegroundandbroke a whichb withwhichc withoutwhichd that11 heisamanofgreatexperience muchcanbelearned a whob fromhimc fromwhomd whom12 ihaveboughtthesamedress sheiswearing a asb thatc whichd what 13 aharvesterisamachine weharvestcropsoraperson isharvesting a which whob that thatc withwhich whod that14 inthepolicestationisawthemanfrom roomthethiefhadstolenthetvset a whomb whichc thatd whose15 thisistheveryreason weallknow a whyb thatc forwhichd what 16 pleaseputtheletter hecaneasilyfindit a inwhichb wherec theplacewhered intheplace17 thehouse thereisabigtreewasbuiltmorethan1000yearsago a whichb infrontofwhichc thatd inthefrontofwhich18 antarctic weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround a whichb wherec thatd aboutwhich 19 thereason iwasawayfromschoolis iwasillyesterday a that thatb why whyc why thatd that why20 itwasameeting importanceididn trealizeatthattime a whichb ofwhichc thatd whose21 thisisthestore wevisitedthefamousshopassistants a whereb therec thatd which 22 theyhavedecidedtostayathome ithink awisechoice a which areb which isc that ared that is23 alltheapples felldownwereeatenbythepigs a thoseb thatc whichd what24 didyouseetheman a inoddedjustnowb whominoddedjustnowc whominoddedtohimd whominoddedto 25 thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice peopleexpected a likeb asc thatd which26 i veneverheardsointerestingastory youtoldme a asb thatc ofwhichd aboutwhi