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一、緒論土木(Civil) 土木工程(Civil engineering)土木工程師(Civil engineers) 施工管理(construction management)城市規(guī)劃師(urban planners) 施工工程(construction engineering)工程管理(engineering management) 工程教學(xué)(engineering teaching)二、材料材料(materials)溫度(temperature)膨脹(expand)收縮(contract)混凝土(concrete) 鋼筋混凝土(reinforced concrete) 瀝青(asphalt)磚(brick) 石材(stone) 木材( wooden) 鋼材( steel)玻璃(glass) 抵抗(resist)壓力(compression)擠壓(squeeze)壓碎(crush)拉力(tension)拉(pull) 纖維的(fibrous)裝飾(decoration)飾品(ornament)Alloy steels(合金鋼) Steel wires(鋼絲)durability(耐久性)hydraulic cement(水硬性水泥)lime(石灰)3、 基礎(chǔ)工程土工試驗(soil experiments)自重(the own weight)巖土工程(Geotechnical engineering) 巖土特性分析(analyze the properties of soils and rocks)沉降(settlement) 基礎(chǔ)(foundation)坡體(slopes)填土(fills)壓縮(compaction)顆粒(particle)淤泥(silt)粘土(clay)砂(sand)礫石(gravel)巖石(rock)穩(wěn)定(stability)強度(strength)上部結(jié)構(gòu)( superstructure)下部結(jié)構(gòu)( substructure)變形(deform) 回彈(rebound) 時間相關(guān)的(time-dependent)施加(impose)隆起(heave)不均勻的(uneven)傾斜的(leaning)開裂(crack)倒塌(collapse)擴展基礎(chǔ)(spread footing)raftor mat(筏式基礎(chǔ))土力學(xué)(soil mechanics)樁(pile)The allowable bearing pressure(允許承載力)building code(建筑規(guī)范)grade beam(地梁)the retention of earth(填土)slide(滑移)overturn(傾覆)rigid(剛性的)discontinuity(不連續(xù)性)floating foundation(浮式基礎(chǔ)) survey(勘察)samples of soil and rock(巖土試樣)Bore(鉆孔) 地基土(subsoil)shear(剪力)4、 建筑工程建筑物(building)建筑學(xué)(architecture)結(jié)構(gòu)(structures)結(jié)構(gòu)工程(structural engineering)梁(beam)跨越(span)彎曲(bend)支座(support)柱(column)應(yīng)力(stress),柱(post)框架(frame) 外墻(exterior walls)承重墻(bearing walls)柱(post)過梁(lintel)簡支梁(simple beam) 骨架(skeleton) 懸臂的(cantilever)特種結(jié)構(gòu)(special structures )可居住的(habitable)自然采光(natural light) 人工照明(artificial light)耐久性(permanence)砌體(masonry)筒體(tube) 剛度(stiffness)剛梁(rigid beam)剛性框架(rigid frames) 桁架(trusses)側(cè)向穩(wěn)定( lateral stability)公共建筑(public building)高層建筑(tall buildings)超高層建筑(ultrahigh rise buildings)圍護(skin)應(yīng)力蒙皮(stressed-skin) 風(fēng)荷載(wind load)剛性帶桁架框架(frames with rigid belt trusses)框筒(framed tube)束筒(bundled tube)滑移(drift)筒中筒(tube in tube)剪力墻(shear wall) 組合體系(composite system)。5、 交通土建交通(transportation )交通工程(transportation engineering)公共設(shè)施(public facilities) 公共交通(mass transit) 鐵路(railroad)公路(highway)expressway(高速公路)6、 橋梁橋梁(bridge) 懸索橋(suspension bridge)橋墩(bridge pier)懸臂橋(cantilever bridge)懸臂(corbel)7、 隧道 隧道(tunnels)錨固(anchor)港口 水利水電 給排水 防災(zāi)減災(zāi)計算機大壩(dams)濱海(offshore)海港(harbors)水利工程(water resources engineering)防洪(prevent floods)供水(supply water )灌溉(irrigation) 運河(canals)Sea Works(海洋工程)martime engineering (海事工程)Fishing ports(漁港) marinas(碼頭)Reclamation and conservancy(填海與保護)estuaries(河口)Hydraulic(水力的),Natural harbor(天然海港),artificial harbor(人工海港),Tidal cycle(潮汐周期),scour(沖刷),siltation(淤積),breakwater(防波堤),Secondary wave(次生波),Reflected wave(反射波),disturbances(干擾),Bay(海灣),jetty(防波堤),mole(防波堤)。水閘(locks)大型水電壩(huge hydroelectric dams) 水圍堰(water impoundments )給水(water)排水(sewage)管線(pipelines)管道工程(Pipeline engineering)地下水( groundwater )結(jié)構(gòu)抗震(protect structures against earthquakes)地震(earthquake) 柔性的(flexible)索(cable) 橋臺(abutment)cantilever(懸臂梁),truss(桁架),arch(拱),suspension(懸索), cofferdams(圍堰),caissons(沉箱), piles(樁)。dam(水壩)discharge(流量), hydrauelectric(水電的),navigation(航行),spillways(泄洪道),gates(閘門),valves(閥門),tunnels(隧道),pipelines(管道),evacuate(開挖),reservoir(水庫),rockfill(填石),masonry(砌體),abutments(墩臺)。Site(場地),investigation(調(diào)查),boring(鉆孔),strata(地層),shaft(鉆桿),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透性),stress(應(yīng)力),groundwater(地下水),assess(評估),seismic(地震),hydraulic(水力的),F(xiàn)inite Element Analysis(有限單元分析),equilibrium(平衡),strain(應(yīng)變)。Tensile strength(抗拉強度),compressive strength(抗拉強度),support(支撐),vertical(垂直的),load(荷載),concrete(砼),cement(水泥),shrink(收縮),set(凝固),harden(硬化),crack(開裂),cast(澆注),blend(摻和),resistence(抵抗),aggregate(骨料),fine-grained(細顆粒的),fly ash(粉煤灰),filler(填充劑),volume(量),addivitives(添加劑),surface-active agents(表面活化劑),air-entraining agents(引氣劑),water-to-cement ratio(水灰比),cool(冷卻),extract(提?。?,vacuum(真空)。Permeable(可滲透的),resistance(抵抗),deterioration(侵蝕),deformation(變形),seepage(滲透),quick(流砂),fluid(流體),earthquake(地震),seismically active region(地震活動帶),strong ground motion(強地動),response(響應(yīng)),predict(預(yù)言),degree of freedom(自由度),damping(阻尼)。Highway(公路),maintenance(維護),financing(籌款),traffic(交通),assess(評估),layout(布局),capacity(容量),route(線路),preliminary(初步的),alternate(備選的),detailed design(詳細設(shè)計),terrain(地形),traverse(橫過),photogrammetric(攝影測量的),stage(階段),phase(階段),evaluation(評價)。Delay(延期),coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)),preserve(保護),propose(提議),blueprints(藍圖),earthwork(土方工程),surfacing(路面),grading(場地平整),excavate(開挖),fill(填),analyze the gradation(顆粒分析),compact(壓縮)。Surfacing(鋪面),accommodate(容納),frequency(頻率),roadway(路面),sandy clay(砂質(zhì)粘土),slag(礦碴),crushed stone(碎石),gravel(礫石),stabilize(穩(wěn)定),subgrade(路基),roller(滾壓機),soil-cement(水泥土),bituminous(瀝青的),surface drainage(地表排水),crown(路冠),shoulder(路肩),open ditches(明溝),storm drainage system(暴雨排水系統(tǒng)),catchbasin(集水井),runoff(徑流),duration(持續(xù)時間)Ponding(積水),spacing(間距),precipitation(降水量),flow(水流),culvert(涵管),roughness(粗糙度),entrance(入口),downstream(下游),conduit(導(dǎo)管),outlet(出水口)。Rest facilities(休息設(shè)施),rest stops(休息站),interstate highways(州際公路),access(入口),noise barriers(隔音墻),subgrade(路基),staking out(放樣),award(授予),contract(合同),detailed plan(詳細規(guī)劃),specifications(說明),lay out(布置),indicate(標(biāo)示),settlement(沉降),vibratory(振動的),maintenance(維護),signs(路標(biāo)),guard rails(護欄),traffic striping(交通帶),retaining walls(擋土墻),side slopes(邊坡),supervising(監(jiān)督)。Soil mechanics(土力學(xué)),laws of mechanics(力學(xué)定律),hydraulics(水力學(xué)),aggregate(集合),mineral grains(礦物顆粒),organic(有機的),constituents(成份),weathering(風(fēng)化),three phases(三相),composition(組成),heterogeneity(不均勻性),deposits(沉積土),retaining wall(擋土墻),earth pressure(土壓力),equilibrium(平衡),cohesion(粘聚力), plasticity(塑性),sand(砂土),clay(粘土),shearing(受剪的),sliding(滑動),the surface of rupture(破壞面),shearing force(剪力),approximation(近似),cohesive soils(粘性土), Curved surface(曲面),the surface of slip(滑動面)。Consolidation(固結(jié)),lag(滯后),settlement(沉降),waterlogged(浸水的),samples(試樣),testing on the site(現(xiàn)場試驗),testing in the laboratory(室內(nèi)試驗),internal friction(內(nèi)摩擦角),cohesion(粘聚力),compressibility(可壓縮性),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透性),capillarity(毛細管作用),moisture(水份),soil particles(土顆粒)。Tamping(夯打),load-bearing strength(承載力),elastic soils(彈性土),expansible soils(可膨脹土),flexible(柔性的),expand(膨脹),freezing-thawing cycles(凍融循環(huán)),wetting-drying cycles(濕干循環(huán)),soil grains(土顆粒),plane of free water(自由水面),volume(體積),stability(穩(wěn)定性),instrument(儀器),stabilometer(穩(wěn)定計),consolidation(固結(jié)),site investigation(場地勘察),survey(調(diào)查),visual investigation(肉眼鑒定),elaborate(詳細的),subsurface(地下的),exploration(勘探),boring(鉆孔),laboratory testing(室內(nèi)測試), Samples(試樣),identification(識別),classification(分類),grain size(顆粒大?。?,liquid limit(液限),plastic limit(塑限)。Topography(地形),geological features(地質(zhì)特征),outcrop(巖面露頭),lake bed(湖床),weathered remnants(風(fēng)化殘積),paleontological maps(地質(zhì)年代圖),aerial photographs(航空拍照),well logs(鉆井記錄),excavation(開挖),geophysical exploration(地質(zhì)勘探),seismic(地震的),strata(地層),propagation(傳播),shock waves(沖擊波),bedrock(基巖),reflected wave(反射波),probe rod(探桿),penetration resistance(貫入阻力),water jets(噴水式推進器),augers(螺旋鉆),drilling(鉆孔),chip(切片),trenches(溝),pits(坑),Pneumatic drilling(氣動鉆),diamond drilling(金剛鉆),boreholes(鉆孔),retain(保存),inspection(驗收),in-place density(原位密度)。Foundation(基礎(chǔ)),multistory(多層的),footing(擴展基礎(chǔ)),earth-fill dam(填土壩),pile(樁基礎(chǔ)),pile cap(樁臺),foundation system(基礎(chǔ)體系),reaction(反力),impose(施加),total settlement(總沉降),differential settlement(沉降差),withstand(承受),mat foundation(筏式基礎(chǔ)),slab foundation(板式基礎(chǔ)),caisson(沉箱),transfer(傳遞),superstructure(上部結(jié)構(gòu)),transmit(傳遞),substructure(下部結(jié)構(gòu)),Spread foundation(擴展基礎(chǔ)),reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),plain concrete(素混凝土),masonry(砌體),combined footing(聯(lián)立基礎(chǔ)),cantilever footing(懸臂基礎(chǔ)),building line(建筑紅線),exterior wall(外墻),continuous footing(連續(xù)基礎(chǔ)),pile tip(樁尖),wall footing(墻基)。Floor slab(樓板),the groundwater level(地下水位),well points(井點降水),pumping(抽水),deep well(深井),sumps(集水坑),dewater(降水),electroosmosis(電滲降水),cutoff wall(截水墻),grout(水泥漿),periphery(周邊),subside(下沉),basement(地下室),the hydrostatic pressures of the water(靜水壓力),soil backfill(回填土),uplift(上浮的),anchor(錨固),infiltrating(滲透),joint(連接),encase(包裹),impermeable(不滲透的),membrane(薄膜),coat(涂抹),asphaltic mastic(瀝青膠),permeability(滲透性), retaining wall(擋土墻),abutment(墩臺),weep hole(泄水孔)。Expansive soil(膨脹土),swell(膨脹),contract(收縮),nonexpansive(非膨脹的),alter(替換),admixture(混合物),lime(石灰),flexibility(柔性),underpinning(托換),remedial(補救的),precautionary(預(yù)防的),defect(缺陷),settle(下沉),beneath(下面),confined(狹窄的),pit(坑),sheeting(擋板),caving(坍塌),stratum(地層),form(模板),continuous wall(連續(xù)墻),intermittent(間斷的)。Construction engineering(施工工程),scheduling(安排工期),delay(延誤),allot(分配),contractor(承包商),fabrication(安裝),inspect(檢查),formwork(模板),cofferdam(圍護)。Progress control(進度控制),cost control(成本控制),unit cost(單位成本),budget(預(yù)算),periodically(周期性地),payroll(工資),allocation(分配),overrun(超支),labor costs(人工費),supervision(監(jiān)管),earthmoving(運土),foundation treatment(地基處理),erection(安裝),concrete placement(砼澆注),asphalt paving(瀝青鋪面),electrical(電力的),mechanical(機械的),installation(安裝),dismantled(拆除)。Elevation(標(biāo)高),topsoil(表層土),landscape(景觀),contamination(污染),blasting(爆破),fragment(粉碎),explosive(炸藥),defect(缺陷),strengthen(加強),cavity(洞穴),fissure(裂隙),fault(斷層),grouting(灌漿),injection(注入),fluid(流體),solidify(固化),precipitating(摻入),assembly(安裝),riveting(鉚接),bolting(栓接),welding(焊接),anchorage(錨錠)。Forming(支模),curing(養(yǎng)護),bracing(支撐),slip-forming(滑模),lift(提升),rod(桿),embed(埋設(shè)),aggregate(骨料),crusher(破碎機),screen(粗篩),paving(鋪設(shè)),contraction joint(收縮縫),roadbed(路基)。Building materials(建筑材料),physical properties(物理性質(zhì)),permanently(永久地),deform(變形),stretch(伸長),bend(彎曲),elasticity(彈性),brittle(脆性的),plastic(塑性的),yield strength(屈服強度),fracture(斷裂),ultimate strength(極限強度),stiffness(剛度),elastic modulus(彈性模量),masonry(砌體),bonding agent(粘合劑),cement mortar(水泥漿),bricks of burnt clay(燒結(jié)粘土磚),slate(頁巖),concrete block(砼塊),ultimate compressive strength(極限抗壓強度),masonry unit(砌塊)。Ultimate tensile strength(極限抗拉強度),along the grain(順紋),across the grain(橫紋),connection(連接),devise(設(shè)計),connector(連接件),rolling(軋制),I-beam(工字梁),plate(板),sheet(薄片),cast(澆注),prestressing concrete(預(yù)應(yīng)力砼),strand(索),rope(繩),cable(纜),embed(埋入),fireproof material(防火材料),fire resistance(抗火性),alloying elements(合金元素),silicon(硅),manganese(錳)。Corrosion(銹蝕),rod(桿),foil(箔),prefabricated(預(yù)制的),curtain-wall(幕墻),crushed stone(碎石),harden(硬化),paste(漿),component(組成),ingredient(成份),shrinkage(收縮),pour(灌注),mold(模型),form(模板),fine crack(細裂縫),moist(潮濕)。Reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),steel bar(鋼筋),reinforcing bar(加強筋),bond(粘結(jié)),wire network(鋼絲網(wǎng)),binder(粘合劑)。Overall collapse(整體倒塌),component(構(gòu)件),stress(應(yīng)力),strain(應(yīng)變),code(規(guī)范),stability(穩(wěn)定性),reaction(支座反力),opposite force(反向力),balance(平衡),static quilibrium(靜力平衡),internal force(內(nèi)力),assumption(假設(shè)),proportional(成比例的),static load(靜載),live load(活載),dynamic load(動載),motion(運動),random(隨機的),gravity(重力),linear-elastic(線彈性的),statically determinate(靜定的), statically indeterminate(超靜定的),rectangular(矩形的),configuration(布置),equivalent(等效的),lateral(側(cè)向的),irregular(不規(guī)則的),abrupt change(突變),elevation(立面),vibration(振動),comlexity(復(fù)雜性),equation(方程),nonlinear(非線性的) 。coplanar(共面的),nonconcurrent(不共點的),component(分量),horizontal(水平的),vertical(垂直的),sum(總和),moment(力矩),independent(獨立的),equation(方程),unkown(未知數(shù)),superposition(疊加),deflection(變形),fixed(固定的),degree(自由度),approximate(近似的),flexible(柔性的),restrain(約束),curvature(曲率),midpoint(中點),point of contraflexure(反彎點),pin joint(鉸接)。portal(門式的),neutral axis(中性軸),centre of gravity(重心),theoretical(理論的),exact(精確的),laborious(費力的),time-consuming(耗時的),theorem(定理),least work(最小功),spot-checking(抽查),flexibility method(柔度法),force method(力法),stiffness method(剛度法),displacement method(位移法),magnitude(數(shù)量),redundant(多余的),compatible displacement conditions(位移協(xié)調(diào)條件),simultaneous linear equations(聯(lián)立方程組),hand calculation(手算),matrix(矩陣),algebra(代數(shù)),format(格式),inversion of a matrix(逆矩陣),multiplication(乘法運算),joint(節(jié)點),rotation(轉(zhuǎn)角),extreme loading(極限加載)。management(管理),enterprise(企業(yè)),expertise(技能),client(客戶),presentation(演講),proposal(提案),negotiate(談判),contract(合同),staff(職員),subconsultant(分包商),project manager(項目經(jīng)理),contract law(合同法),career(職業(yè)),salary(薪水),discipline(學(xué)科),reward(回報),senior(高級的),expert(專家),training(培訓(xùn))。bargaining(談價),negotiation(談判),accounting(會計),personel(人事),home office(總公司),overseas(海外的),attorney(代理人),legal(法律上的),binding(有約束力的),agreement(協(xié)議),address(設(shè)法解決),recognition(認(rèn)可),compensation(補償),salary(薪水),discipline(學(xué)科),budget(預(yù)算),supply(供應(yīng)),demand(需求),law(法則)。case(案例),proffessionals(職員),vice(副的),cadre(骨

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