人教版選修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Learning about Language學(xué)案.docx

unit 3 inventors and inventions學(xué)案learning about language重點單詞1_ adj. 冰凍的；嚴寒的freeze vt. & vi. 凍結(jié)；凝固freezer n. 冰 箱；冷凍器；冷凍機2_ n. 鑒定；辨認；確定；身份證明identify vt. 確認；鑒定3_adj. 清白的；無罪的；天真的innocence n. 清白；無罪；無知4_ vt. 忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)bearable adj. 忍得住的；可忍受的5_ n. (水或氣)流；電流adj. 現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的currently adv. 現(xiàn) 在；目前currency n. 通貨；貨幣；通用；流行6_adj. 穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的stabilize vt. 使穩(wěn)定；使穩(wěn)固 stability n. 穩(wěn)定；安定；穩(wěn)定性7_vt. 聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n. 同伴；伙伴association n. 聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)想 associated adj. 有關(guān)聯(lián)的；相關(guān)的8_adj. 實際的；實踐的；實用的practically adv. 實際上；事實 上practice vt. & vi. & n. 實踐；練習(xí)重要短語1_ 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住2_ 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障3_ 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)； (設(shè)法)做完；通過4_ 回復(fù)電話5_ 掛斷電話6_ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入7set out(to do) _8beaten track _9_ associate.with.10_ dynamic spirits11_ be fully aware of12_ experiment with關(guān)鍵句型1every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. 當(dāng)你這么做的時候，你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。2follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得你思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦?！敬鸢浮恐攸c單詞1. freezing 2. identification3. innocent4. bear 5. current6. stable7. associate8. practical重要單詞之單詞篇1. identification n鑒定；辨認；確定；身份證明jewellery identification is a hard job 珠寶鑒定不是一件容易的工作。he used a letter of introduction as identification 他用一封介紹信作為身份的證明。【知識拓展】identification card 身份證 identify vt認出；識別；表明；發(fā)現(xiàn)vi一致，變成一致identify with sb與產(chǎn)生共鳴identify sb/sthas sb/sth認定，認為等同于identical adj同一的；一模一樣的i identified my lost bike我認出了我那輛丟了的自行車。never identify wealth with happiness千萬不要把財富和幸福等同起來。we have identical views on these problems 在這些問題上我們有完全一致的看法?！靖櫟淅客瓿删渥予b定墜機意外傷亡者的工作費時且困難重重。 _ _ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task人們排成一行等待確認身份。 a line of people is formed for _我識別不出這是誰的簽字。 i cant _ this signature她與外籍教師打成一片。 she _ _ _ foreign teachers她在兩個場合穿戴同一套衣服。 she wore _ _ _ on both occasions2. bear v忍受；忍耐；負擔(dān)bear/stand/tolerate doing sth忍受做某事bear sbto do sth忍受某人做某事the ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。i cant bear being kept waiting我無法忍受長時間的等候。bearing a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children. 肩負重擔(dān)，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子。her late works doesnt bear comparision with her earlier novels 她后期的作品比不上她早期的小說。she bore the responsibility for most of the changes她對大多數(shù)變革負責(zé)?！緢D解記憶】【知識拓展】bear up 忍耐；堅強起來bear sb/sthout 證實；為作證bear with sb/sth耐心對待某人或某事；容忍某人或某事bear sthin mind 牢記【跟蹤典例】完成句子i cant_ _ _ _ _ _ _(忍受不了和這樣一個人合作)i cant_ _ _ _ (忍受被嘲笑)in publicyou must_ _ _ _(記住)that your parents hope that you will make a breakthrough in this field one day【答案】bear teaming up with such a manbear being laughed at/to be laughed atbear/keep it in mind3. current（1）n(水或氣)流；電流birds use warm air currents to help their flight 鳥利用暖氣流助飛。（2）n趨向；思潮；潮流ministers are worried about this current of antigovernment feeling 部長們對這股反政府情緒感到擔(dān)憂。（3）adj(通常作定語)現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的；通用的；流通的in its current state，the car is worth 1,000 按目前的狀況，這輛小汽車值1000英鎊?！局R拓展】the current year 今年a strong current 急流air/electrical current 氣流/電流current fashions/events/prices 時裝/時事/現(xiàn)價they are expecting profits of over $3 million in the current year他們期盼著今年有三百多萬的利潤。she likes current fashions very much她很喜歡時裝?！靖櫟淅繚h譯英他逆著急流游向岸邊。_用恰當(dāng)詞語填空the_(水流)is the strongest in the middle of the river【答案】he swam to the shore against a strong currentcurrent4. stable adj穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的；安定的the ladder doesnt seem very stable這個梯子好像不太穩(wěn)。he was clearly not a very stable person很明顯，他不是一個很沉穩(wěn)的人。this is a politically stable country這是一個政治上穩(wěn)定的國家。【易混辨析】stable/firm/steady這些形容詞都有“穩(wěn)固的”之意。(1)stable多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的穩(wěn)定，不可移動或改變。a stable government is essential to economic growth 穩(wěn)定的政府對經(jīng)濟增長是重要的。(2)firm指牢固不可動搖或意志、信仰的堅定。i dont think the chair is firm enough to stand on 我覺得這椅子不夠穩(wěn)固，不能站人。(3)steady指保持平衡不動搖。用于有形物時，指沒有根基的穩(wěn)固，也指動中的穩(wěn)。the price of fruits remains steady水果的價格保持穩(wěn)定?！靖櫟淅坑们‘?dāng)詞語填空water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a _ environment5. associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系；n.同伴；伙伴associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把和聯(lián)系在一起；由聯(lián)想到be associated with.和有關(guān)associate with sb.與某人交往或常打交道the first step to making friends is associating with other people. 交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人聯(lián)系。you must bear in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.你必須要牢記千萬別和壞人交往。he is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies. 在公眾的心目中，他總是和恐怖電影緊密聯(lián)系在一起?！局R拓展】 associated company 聯(lián)營公司 association n. 協(xié)會；社會；聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián) in association with 與合伙/合作【跟蹤典例】完成句子ive never _(把你和這個地方聯(lián)系在一起)we _(由禮物聯(lián)想到圣誕節(jié))【答案】associated you with this placeassociate presents with christmas之短語篇1. dive into(1)迅速把手伸入she dived into her bag and took out a couple of coins. 她立即將手伸進包里拿出幾枚硬幣。(2)跳水the boy dived into the river from the bridge. 這男孩子從橋上跳入河中。the man dived into the sea to save the drowning child. 這人跳入海中去救溺水的孩子。(3)對活動、問題等)一心投入，潛心研究he dived into the history of china.他潛心研究中國歷史。he dived into the american culture.他潛心研究美國文化?！局R拓展】go diving 去潛水make a dive for sth. 沖過去拿某物)take a dive into the subject埋頭該問題中【跟蹤典例】完成句子professor smith _ a new project. 史密斯教授正在潛心鉆研一個新的項目。the main purpose of his holiday to greece is to _. 他到希臘度假的主要目的就是去潛水?！敬鸢浮縤s taking a dive intogo diving2. hang on不掛斷；緊緊握??；稍等the line was engaged and the operator asked if id like to hang on 電話占線了，話務(wù)員問我是否愿意等一下(別掛斷電話)。its hard work but if you hang on youll succeed in the end 這是件困難的工作，但如果你堅持不懈，最后是能成功的?！局R拓展】hang on作“別掛斷，堅持”講時等于hold on。hang back畏縮不前；退縮hang up掛起；掛斷電話hang about拖延；閑逛hang out常去某處；泡在某處get the hang of了解；熟悉dont hang back in the face of difficulties不要因為困難而卻步。you hang out with that car more than you hang out with your own son 你在那輛車上花的時間，比你用在兒子身上的時間還要多。【跟蹤典例】she _ the phone angrily before i could speak_ a minute，im just comingi dont like to see all these youths _ street corners_ the rope； dont let it go【答案】hung uphang onhanging abouthang on to3. out of order（1）(機器或設(shè)備等)發(fā)生故障，失靈my watch was out of order我的手表出故障了。（2）次序顛倒(紊亂)；排列錯誤i checked the files and some of the papers were out of order 我檢查過案卷，其中有些未按順序編排。【知識拓展】 (1)out of order的反義詞組：in order整齊，狀況良好，適宜，按順序(2)類似的短語有：out of breath上氣不接下氣out of control失去控制out of danger脫離危險out of date過時的，過期的out of place不合適的(不相稱的，不適合的)out of question毫無疑問，一定，當(dāng)然out of reach夠不著out of sight看不見，在視野之外out of touch失去聯(lián)系out of work失業(yè)ill see that everything is in good order when the guests arrive 客人來時我會把一切都料理得井井有條的。his idea is really out of date他的想法太過時了。im out of touch with most of the friends of my school days 我和大部分學(xué)生時代的朋友們都失去聯(lián)系了?！靖櫟淅靠耧L(fēng)暴雨使交通運輸秩序太亂。 the violent storm made the transportation system _ _ _經(jīng)過搶救，病人終于脫險。 the patient was finally _ _ _ after the emergency treatment那男孩爬上樹，但仍夠不到樹上的蘋果。 the boy climbed the tree，but the apples were still _ _ _ _【答案】 out of orderout of dangerout of his reach4. get through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過(考試)；成功i tried several times，but couldnt get through 我打了好幾次電話，但都沒打通。we were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam 聽說你考試及格了，我們都很高興。the government managed to get the new law through政府終于通過了新的法案。these children got through with their homework at school 這些孩子在學(xué)校就把家庭作業(yè)完成了。【知識拓展】get across被理解，被傳達；把講清楚get away with干了(壞事)而不受處罰get down to開始認真做(to為介詞)get over克服get rid of擺脫；除去did your speech get across to the audience？ 你的演說聽眾都懂了嗎？it is time that they got down to doing their work 是他們該開始認真干活的時候了。lets get rid of this old furniture咱們把這件舊家具扔掉吧?！靖櫟淅?1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕楦痹~填空once you want to do something，you must get down _ doing it wellyour meaning didnt really get _he decided to get rid _ his bad habit himselfi rang you several times but couldnt get _ (2)用get短語填空i tried phoning her office，but i couldnt_ _5ring sbback 回復(fù)電話you can ring him back if you are free 如果你有空的話給他回個電話。i didnt get through just now but soon he rang back 剛才我沒接通(電話)，但很快他就打了回來?！局R拓展】ring off掛斷ring out發(fā)出響亮而清晰的聲音ring sbup給某人打電話ring round給各處打電話ill ring you up tonight今晚我要給你打電話。a pistol shot rang out發(fā)令槍響了?！靖櫟淅縤 will_ _(回復(fù)電話)as soon as i find something wrongjohn rang you；he wanted you to_ him _(給回電話)ill have to_ _(掛斷電話)nowi have a train to catchcan you_ _(別掛斷)？ill try to find her【答案】ring backring；backring off/hang uphold on/hang on之句式篇1. however，she suggested that i should produce a perfume from my new lily 然而，她建議我應(yīng)該從我的新百合花中生產(chǎn)香水。本句中含有虛擬語氣，suggest(建議)，recommend(建議)，order(命令)，demand(要求)等動詞后接賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語形式為“should動詞原形”，should?？墒÷?。i suggest that he (should) apply for the job 我建議他申請這份工作。he demanded that he (should) be told everything他要求將一切都告訴他。注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”講時，其后的從句要用陳述語氣。his red face suggested he was lying 他臉紅了，這說明他在撒謊。【名師點津】英語中一些表示“命令，建議，要求”的動詞所跟的從句需要用虛擬語氣。如：insist，demand，suggest，propose，order，arrange，command，require，request，desire等動詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，從句的謂語動詞用(should)動詞原形。記住這些動詞的小竅門：iinsist，ddemand，rrequest/require/recommend，oorder，ppropose，ccommand，aadvise，ssuggest【跟蹤典例】用恰當(dāng)形式填空the teacher suggested that everyone _ (go)there by bikethe fact that so many people still smoke in public places _(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking2. every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before 每次你這樣做的時候，你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，其中every time在此句中引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為something?！局R拓展】every time，each time，next time，immediately，the moment，the minute等可用從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。the moment i got off the train，i saw my father 我一下火車就看到了我的父親。every time he comes here，he asks me for money 每次來，他都向我要錢。immediately he turned up at the airport，he was surrounded by the reporters 他一出現(xiàn)在機場，就被記者包圍了?！靖櫟淅课乙豢匆娝桶阉J出來了。 i recognized her _ i saw her每次我看見她，她都是一幅幸福的樣子。 _ _ i see her，she looks happy【答案】immediately/instantly/directlyevery time3. follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind 跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞在你的頭腦。本句中含有重要結(jié)構(gòu)：“祈使句and(表結(jié)果的)簡單句”，祈使句表示“條件”，簡單句表示“結(jié)果”，通常使用一般將來時。句型“祈使句and(表結(jié)果的)簡單句”的意義為“干某事，那么就會”；“祈使句or/or else/otherwise(表結(jié)果的)簡單句”的意義為“干某事，否則就會”，連詞or可用 or else/otherwise替代。work hard and(if you work hard)you will pass your examinations 你若用功，考試就能及格。arrive late once more and (if you arrive late once more) youre fired 你再遲到一次，就把你開除。turn the heat down or your cake will burn 把熱度調(diào)低吧，要不蛋糕就要糊了。run or else youll be late快跑，不然你要遲到了。put the cap back on the bottle，otherwise the juice will spill 把瓶蓋兒蓋好，要不汁液就灑出來了?！靖櫟淅縴ou have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you4. one day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf mans ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass，bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear，the straw drew sound waves on the glass有一天做實驗，他把一根干草的一端和一個聾子的耳鼓膜連接起來，干草的另一端與一塊被煙熏過的玻璃相連接。貝爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他對著耳朵說話的時候，這根干草就把聲波畫在玻璃上。本句的主語是bell，謂語是noticed，that引導(dǎo)了一個賓語從句，在這個賓語從句中又有一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；as引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，過去分詞短語joined to a deaf mans ear drum作后置定語，修飾straw；the other to a piece of smoked glass是個省略句，可補充為the other end of the straw joined to a piece of smoked glass?！局R拓展】并列句中的省略常有以下幾種情況：（1）如果主語不同，而謂語動詞中的一部分相同，則省略謂語動詞中相同的那部分。john must have been playing football and mary (must have been) doing her homework 約翰一定在踢球，而瑪麗一定在做作業(yè)。（2）主語相同，謂語動詞也相同，則二者都可以省略。his suggestions made john happy，but (his suggestions made) mary angry 他的建議使約翰高興，卻使瑪麗很生氣。（3）主語相同，而謂語不同，則可以省略主語。old mcdonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways 老邁克唐納戒了一陣子煙，可很快又抽上了。（3）在并列復(fù)合句中，如果that從句從屬于第二個并列句且它的謂語動詞和賓語等其他一些成分與第一個并列句相同時，這個that從句通?？梢允÷赃@些相同的部分。jack will sing at the party，but i know john wont (sing at the party) 杰克將在晚會上唱歌，但我知道約翰不會在晚會上唱歌?！靖櫟淅坑们‘?dāng)詞語或形式填空the police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they _it is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular，and _ (introduce)better ones of your ownintroducing句意：什么東西使得“方便”食品如此流行值得考慮，引進你自己的更好的(方便食品)也值得考慮。introduc