2019高考英語(yǔ)昆明二輪練習(xí)資料：閱讀理解02含解析.doc

2019高考英語(yǔ)昆明二輪練習(xí)資料：閱讀理解02含解析(五)A(2017新課標(biāo)卷，A)When milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5yearold boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically (魔術(shù)般) appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr.Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldnt freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (門廊). Every so often my sons friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.本文講述了自己小時(shí)候與送奶人之間的故事。Basille先生不僅是送奶的，而且和他的家人建立了密切的關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在大公司開始大量生產(chǎn)奶，到處都有賣奶的，因此不再需要送奶服務(wù)，但作者很懷念以前的事情。1Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _.Ato show his magical powerBto pay for the deliveryCto satisfy his curiosityDto please his mother答案：C。推理判斷題。由短文第一段最后兩句話可知：“我一直盯著他腰帶上的錢包，當(dāng)Basille注意到這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，從里面拿了一枚硬幣給了我”。由此可知，是為了滿足我的好奇心。2What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boys house?AHe wanted to have tea there.BHe was a respectable person.CHe was treated as a family member.DHe was fully trusted by the family.答案：D。推理判斷題。由短文第三段可知，我們與送奶人有密切的關(guān)系，他有我們家的鑰匙，并不時(shí)來(lái)我們家休息、聊天、講故事。由此可推斷我們一家人非常信任他。3Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?ANobody wants to be a milkman now.BIt has been driven out of the market.CIts service is getting poor.DIt is forbidden by law.答案：B。推理判斷題。由短文倒數(shù)第二段可知，由于大公司生產(chǎn)大量的廉價(jià)奶，人們到處都可以買到，不再需要送奶的。由此可知送奶業(yè)被擠出的市場(chǎng)。4Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?AHe missed the good old days.BHe wanted to tell interesting stories.CHe needed it for his milk bottles.DHe planted flowers in it.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文最后一段可知，舊奶箱使他回想起來(lái)童年時(shí)代的記憶，因此他把這個(gè)舊奶箱帶回家。由此可知，他想念過(guò)去的美好日子。B(2017陜西卷，B)Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Svign in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using Xray facilities(設(shè)備) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.Irene continued the work by developing Xray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(輻射能). Irene JoliotCurie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.本文是一篇人物介紹。介紹居里夫人大女兒Irene Curie的一生。5Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?ABecause she received a degree in mathematics.BBecause she contributed to saving the wounded.CBecause she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.DBecause she worked as a helper to her mother.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始后，Irene幫助母親救助傷員，法國(guó)政府以軍功章的形式表示對(duì)她的貢獻(xiàn)的認(rèn)可。所以選擇B項(xiàng)。6Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?AAt the Curie Institute. BAt the University of Paris.CAt a military hospital. DAt the College of Svign.答案：A。推理判斷題。文章第四段說(shuō)：在1918年，Irene在居里夫人研究院成為母親的助手，1924年12月Frederic Joliot加入了該研究院，Irene教給他該項(xiàng)工作要求的技術(shù)，不久他們相愛了并于1926年結(jié)婚，由此可推斷出C項(xiàng)正確。7When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?AIn 1932. BIn 1927. CIn 1897. DIn 1926.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段最后一句說(shuō)明：他們第一個(gè)孩子于1927年出生，5年后(1932年)第二個(gè)孩子出生，所以A項(xiàng)正確。8In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?AIrene worked with radioactivity.BIrene combined family and career.CIrene won the Nobel Prize once. DIrene died from leukemia.答案：C。推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，Irene在“與放射性物質(zhì)打交道/把家庭與事業(yè)相結(jié)合/死于leukemia”這三方面與母親相同，不同的是Irene獲得一次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，母親兩次。C(2017遼寧卷，C)Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽車)But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896.That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile.Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker，instead of making the worker move to the parts.That is not true，either.Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford.What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better.And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile，almost every car maker raced his cars.It was the best way of gaining public notice.Henry Ford decided to build a racing car.Fords most famous race was his first one.It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901，at a field near Detroit.All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left：the Winton and Fords.The Winton was famous for its speed.Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead.But halfway through the race, it began to lose power.Ford started to gain.And near the end of the race, he took the lead.Ford won the race and defeated the Winton.His name appeared in newspapers and he became wellknown all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company.In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.That_sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream.Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for.It will be built of the best materials.It will be built by the best men to be employed.And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce.It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind.It only cost $850.It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on.Doctors bought the Model TSo did farmers.Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation.Americans loved the Model TThey wrote stories and songs about it.Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years.本文記敘了亨利福特充分利用別人的想法，生產(chǎn)出了自己的汽車，形成了自己的生產(chǎn)流水線。通過(guò)賽車比賽，使公眾關(guān)注到自己的汽車，然后建立了自己的汽車公司，為所有的普通顧客生產(chǎn)汽車。9What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?AHe made good use of ideas from others.BHe produced the first car in the world.CHe knew how to improve auto parts.DHe invented the production line.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段倒數(shù)第二句話可知：福特所做的就是利用別人的想法，然后更好地利用。10Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?ATo show off his driving skills.BTo draw public attention.CTo learn about new technology.DTo raise money for his new company.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段可知，開始時(shí)，每個(gè)汽車制造者都開賽車，并且這是引人注意的最好方法。因此他制造自己的賽車，進(jìn)行比賽，目的是引人注意。11“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to_.Athe selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesBthe sale of Model T to the mass of peopleCthe selling of a car to a Detroit doctorDthe sales target for the Ford Company答案：C。詞義猜測(cè)題。由上一句話“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company”可知，that sale指代的是醫(yī)生買車這件事。12What was Henry Fords dream according to the text?AProducing cars for average customers.BBuilding racing cars of simple design.CDesigning more car models.DStarting more companies.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文倒數(shù)第二段及最后一段可知，他造的車價(jià)格低，能掙錢的人都能買得起他的車，醫(yī)生，農(nóng)民甚至罪犯都買他的車。由此可知他的夢(mèng)想就是為普通老百姓造車。D(2017四川卷，D)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，but it is not a particulary good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March( possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning ：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (復(fù)雜化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting part of the book，for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says“The more accurately(精確地)reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding：Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.多年來(lái)，人們強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)驗(yàn)型學(xué)習(xí)。而一位名叫James Mark的卻說(shuō)：經(jīng)驗(yàn)可能是最好的老師，卻不是一個(gè)特別好的老師。通過(guò)對(duì)于經(jīng)驗(yàn)型學(xué)習(xí)，本文介紹了James Mark的關(guān)于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的書。13According to the text, James March is _.Aa poet who uses experience in his writingBa teacher who teaches story writing in universityCa researcher who studies the way humans think and actDa professor who helps organizations make important decisions答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從第一個(gè)段落中最后一句話里可以找到信息句，即同選項(xiàng)C所說(shuō)的一致。14According to James March, experience _.Ais overvalued Bis easy to explainCshould be actively soughtDshould be highly respected答案：A推理判斷題。從文章的開頭以及文中的字里行間“the problem is.” “turn a doubtful eye on.” 以及“think deeply about experience learning”等可以推測(cè)出James 對(duì)于經(jīng)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)持懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為人們太過(guò)于重視經(jīng)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)這一方式了。15What can we learn from Paragraph 3?AExperience makes stories more accurate.BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.CThe use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。在倒數(shù)第二段中，James所說(shuō)的話中“to make stories more interesting, we lose part of the complicated truth of things”就說(shuō)明了故事越有趣，就越?jīng)]有真實(shí)感，同選項(xiàng)B所說(shuō)。16Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo describe a researcher.CTo explain experiential learning.DTo discuss organizational decision making.答案：A。作者意圖判斷題?？v觀全文，作者一直都在圍繞著一本書，在闡述關(guān)于本書中的內(nèi)容以及本書作者的觀點(diǎn)等，應(yīng)選A。E(2017湖北卷，E)Which are you more likely to have with you at any given momentyour cellphone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner.In January，Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores.This is the first paybyphone practice in the US.，but were likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication(NFC)gets into Americas consumer electronics.Last December，some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe，NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminala contactfree system built for speed and convenience.But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the US.，a few problems need to be worked out，like who will get to collect the profitable transaction(交易)fees.Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with waveandpay systems that use NFCenabled credit cards，cellphone service providers may try to muscle their way into the pointofsale (POS)market.Three big cellphone service providers have formed a joint venture(合資企業(yè))that will go into operation over the next 15 months.Its goal is“to lead the US. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”The other big NFC issue，apart from how payments will be processed，is security.For instance，whats to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “Were still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone，”says Jimmy Shah，a mobile security researcher，“Users may also be able to set transaction limits，perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases.”Still uneasy about this digitalwallet business？Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone，it can be located on a map and remotely disabled.Plus，your phone can be password protected.Your wallet isnt.隨著手機(jī)的普遍使用，以及手機(jī)功能的提升，如今，用手機(jī)付費(fèi)購(gòu)物都已經(jīng)成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。 隨著第一部能夠付費(fèi)的手機(jī)的誕生，以及其配套的科技手段的支撐，付費(fèi)購(gòu)物手機(jī)很快便成為美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上的搶手貨。17What is predicted to happen in the US.?AThe expansion of cellphone companies.BThe boom of paybyphone business.CThe disappearance of credit cards.DThe increase of Starbucks sales.答案：B。推理判斷題。從第二個(gè)段落的第二句話，隨著第一部“用手機(jī)付費(fèi)”的手機(jī)的上市，美國(guó)人會(huì)看到“more wireless payment”，可以推斷出：這種手機(jī)會(huì)迅速火起來(lái)，即如同選項(xiàng)B所說(shuō)的“boom”。18The NFC technology can be used to_.Aensure the safety of shoppersBcollect transaction fees easilyCmake purchase faster and simplerDimprove the quality of cellphones答案：C。理解判斷題。根據(jù)本段中關(guān)于NFC的說(shuō)法“wireless payment alternative”可以斷定：這種無(wú)限付費(fèi)方式自然是極其方便的，即：快捷的購(gòu)物手段。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C的說(shuō)法是對(duì)的。19Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to_.A. strengthen their relationshipB. get a share in the payments industryC. sell more cellphonesD. test the NFC technology答案：B。理解判斷題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)段落“may try to muscle their way into the pointofsale market”以及最后一句話“Its goal is.”可以找到本問題的提示，即： 為了打入這個(gè)新興行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)，由此可見，選項(xiàng)B的說(shuō)法與原文的信息句非常吻合。20According to the passage，what can users do if they lose their smart phones?A. Stop the functioning of their phones.B. Set up a password.C. Get all the money out of their phones.D. Cancel large purchases.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從最后一段中的信息詞“remotely disabled”可以斷定選項(xiàng)A是正確的。(六)A(2017全國(guó)卷，B)For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意識(shí)) of itself has a high level of intelligence. Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and FansB. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains，Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明能意識(shí)到自身形象的動(dòng)物具有高智商。1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains. B. Whether they have selfawareness.C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句話“Awareness can be tested by.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the study by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.答案：D。推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句可知人們已經(jīng)知道apes和dolphins是聰明的。3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own fa