matlab項(xiàng)目總結(jié)報(bào)告.doc

中國民航大學(xué)電子信息工程學(xué)院MATLAB聲音和圖像信號分析處理課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告題 目：matlab信號采集、分析、處理實(shí)驗(yàn)專業(yè)班級： 101045A 姓名：李雄洲 李文君 李陽 雷明超指導(dǎo)教師： 韓萍 何煒琨 二一二 年六月十五日 目 錄一、設(shè)計(jì)目的二、設(shè)計(jì)要求三、設(shè)計(jì)原理及方案四、硬件電路或軟件流程五、調(diào)試分析六、設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)七、參考文獻(xiàn)八、附錄（程序代碼及元件清單）一、 設(shè)計(jì)目的課題目的在于通過matlab仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)，熟悉matlab的操作環(huán)境，深刻體會信號處理的研究方法，使所學(xué)知識融會貫通，最大程度鍛煉工程項(xiàng)目能力。二、設(shè)計(jì)要求聲音部分：本次課程設(shè)計(jì)的目的是利用MATLAB對語音信號進(jìn)行數(shù)字信號處理和分析，要求學(xué)生采集語音信號后，在MATLAB軟件平臺進(jìn)行頻譜分析；并對所采集的語音信號加入干擾噪聲，對加入噪聲的信號進(jìn)行頻譜分析，設(shè)計(jì)合適的濾波器濾除噪聲，恢復(fù)原信號。要求利用MATLAB來讀入（采集）語音信號，將它賦值給某一向量。再將該向量看作一個普通的信號，對其進(jìn)行FFT變換實(shí)現(xiàn)頻譜分析，再依據(jù)實(shí)際情況對它進(jìn)行濾波。然后我們還可以通過sound命令來對語音信號進(jìn)行回放，以便在聽覺上來感受聲音的變化。圖形部分：搭建一個簡單界面，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號（圖像）的加載并顯示，對采集信號進(jìn)行加噪，并對加噪前后信號進(jìn)行譜分析，將信號分析部分加載到所做界面中將濾波器設(shè)計(jì)部分加載到所做界面中，信號特技效果實(shí)現(xiàn)。三、設(shè)計(jì)原理與方案1、設(shè)計(jì)原理MATLAB是矩陣實(shí)驗(yàn)室（Matrix Laboratory）的簡稱，是美國MathWorks公司出品的商業(yè)數(shù)學(xué)軟件，用于算法開發(fā)、數(shù)據(jù)可視化、數(shù)據(jù)分析以及數(shù)值計(jì)算的高級技術(shù)計(jì)算語言和交互式環(huán)境。通過MATLAB里幾個命令函數(shù)的調(diào)用，很輕易的在實(shí)際語音與數(shù)字信號的理論之間搭了一座橋。課題的特色在于它將語音信號看作一個向量，于是就把語音數(shù)字化了。那么，就可以完全利用數(shù)字信號處理的知識來解決語音及加噪處理問題。我們可以像給一般信號做頻譜分析一樣，來對語音信號做頻譜分析，也可以較容易的用數(shù)字濾波器來對語音進(jìn)行濾波處理。FIR濾波器結(jié)構(gòu)上主要是非遞歸結(jié)構(gòu)，沒有輸出到輸入的反饋，系統(tǒng)函數(shù)H (z)在處收斂，極點(diǎn)全部在z = 0處（因果系統(tǒng)），因而只能用較高的階數(shù)達(dá)到高的選擇性。FIR數(shù)字濾波器的幅頻特性精度較之于IIR數(shù)字濾波器低，但是線性相位，就是不同頻率分量的信號經(jīng)過fir濾波器后他們的時間差不變，這是很好的性質(zhì)。FIR數(shù)字濾波器是有限的單位響應(yīng)也有利于對數(shù)字信號的處理，便于編程，用于計(jì)算的時延也小，這對實(shí)時的信號處理很重要。 FIR濾波器因具有系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定，易實(shí)現(xiàn)相位控制，允許設(shè)計(jì)多通帶（或多阻帶）濾波器等優(yōu)點(diǎn)收到人們的青睞。IIR濾波器采用遞歸型結(jié)構(gòu)，即結(jié)構(gòu)上帶有反饋環(huán)路。IIR濾波器運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu)通常由延時、乘以系數(shù)和相加等基本運(yùn)算組成，可以組合成直接型、正準(zhǔn)型、級聯(lián)型、并聯(lián)型四種結(jié)構(gòu)形式，都具有反饋回路。同時，IIR數(shù)字濾波器在設(shè)計(jì)上可以借助成熟的模擬濾波器的成果，如巴特沃斯、契比雪夫和橢圓濾波器等，有現(xiàn)成的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或圖表可查，在設(shè)計(jì)一個IIR數(shù)字濾波器時，我們根據(jù)指標(biāo)先寫出模擬濾波器的公式，然后通過一定的變換，將模擬濾波器的公式轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字濾波器的公式。在matlab中，一幅圖片可以定義為一個二維函數(shù)f(x, y)，其中x和y表示空間坐標(biāo)，而f對于任何一對(x, y)坐標(biāo)的函數(shù)值稱為該點(diǎn)處圖像的亮度或灰度。當(dāng)x, y和f的值都是有限的、離散的數(shù)值時，稱該圖像為數(shù)字圖像。 圖像編碼壓縮技術(shù)可減少描述圖像的數(shù)據(jù)量（即比特?cái)?shù)），以便節(jié)省圖像傳輸、處理時間和減少所占用的存儲器容量。壓縮可以在不失真的前提下獲得，也可以在允許的失真條件下進(jìn)行。編碼是壓縮技術(shù)中最重要的方法，它在圖像處理技術(shù)中是發(fā)展最早且比較成熟的技術(shù)。 圖像增強(qiáng)和復(fù)原的目的是為了提高圖像的質(zhì)量，如去除噪聲，提高圖像的清晰度等。圖像增強(qiáng)不考慮圖像降質(zhì)的原因，突出圖像中所感興趣的部分。如強(qiáng)化圖像高頻分量，可使圖像中物體輪廓清晰，細(xì)節(jié)明顯；如強(qiáng)化低頻分量可減少圖像中噪聲影響。圖像復(fù)原要求對圖像降質(zhì)的原因有一定的了解，一般講應(yīng)根據(jù)降質(zhì)過程建立“降質(zhì)模型”，再采用某種濾波方法，恢復(fù)或重建原來的圖像。 2、設(shè)計(jì)方案MATLAB軟件熟悉與運(yùn)用。信號處理原理分析與處理方法討論。使用matlab中的 GUI 進(jìn)行搭建仿真測試與調(diào)試。四、軟件流程五、調(diào)試分析項(xiàng)目最開始的問題的是給GUI加一張背景圖片，起初的想法是在界面上放一個坐標(biāo)，結(jié)果很不理想，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)本來GUI的界面就是一個坐標(biāo)，我們只要設(shè)置好就行，因而就有了很經(jīng)典的那段程序：ha=axes(units,normalized,position,0 0 1 1);uistack(ha,down)II=imread(cauc.bmp);image(II)colormap grayset(ha,handlevisibility,off ,visible,off );這里面有個很有趣的東西，我們可以設(shè)置圖片為最底層，只要把down改成button就好程序在畫圖時，在GUI上放了一些坐標(biāo)軸，但是設(shè)計(jì)得比較難看，因而使用程序?yàn)槠湓O(shè)置位置與大小：h=subplot(1,1,1);set(h,position,0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7);起到了很好的效果。做回聲那塊兒東西的時候，一直無法取到很好的效果，回聲效果一直不是很理想，最后試了好多次：global x;N=length(x);x1=x(1:N);x2=x(1:N);x1=x1,zeros(1,3000);x2=zeros(1,1500),0.4*x2,zeros(1,1500);y=x1+x2;終于發(fā)現(xiàn)，分成1500和1500等長的兩段之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)效果還是不錯的，不知道是不是最好，但是已經(jīng)很不錯了。六、設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)通過此次項(xiàng)目，我們不僅把知識融會貫通，而且豐富了大腦，同時在查找資料的過程中也了解了許多課外知識，開拓了視野，認(rèn)識了自己將來的發(fā)展方向，使自己在專業(yè)知識方面和動手能力方面有了質(zhì)的飛躍。信號處理項(xiàng)目是對學(xué)校所學(xué)知識的全面總結(jié)和綜合應(yīng)用，又為今后走向社會的實(shí)際操作應(yīng)用鑄就了一個良好開端，對我們所學(xué)知識理論的檢驗(yàn)與總結(jié)，能夠培養(yǎng)和提高設(shè)計(jì)者獨(dú)立分析和解決問題的能力；其次，項(xiàng)目指導(dǎo)是老師檢驗(yàn)其教學(xué)效果，改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法，提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的絕好機(jī)會。在沒有做信號處理項(xiàng)目以前覺得信號處理項(xiàng)目只是對這一年來所學(xué)知識的大概總結(jié)，但是真的面對信號處理項(xiàng)目發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的想法基本是錯誤的。信號處理項(xiàng)目不僅是對前面所學(xué)知識的一種檢驗(yàn)，而且也是對自己能力的一種提高。通過這次信號處理項(xiàng)目使我們明白了自己原來知識太理論化了，面對單獨(dú)的課題的是感覺很茫然。通過這次信號處理項(xiàng)目，我們終于明白學(xué)習(xí)是一個長期積累的過程，在以后的工作、生活中都應(yīng)該不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，努力提高自己知識和綜合素質(zhì)?？傊?，不管學(xué)會的還是學(xué)不會的的確覺得困難比較多，真是萬事開頭難，不知道如何入手。最后終于做完了有種如釋重負(fù)的感覺。此外，還得出一個結(jié)論：知識必須通過應(yīng)用才能實(shí)現(xiàn)其價值！有些東西以為學(xué)會了，但真正到用的時候才發(fā)現(xiàn)是兩回事，所以我認(rèn)為只有到真正會用的時候才是真的學(xué)會了。在此要感謝我們指導(dǎo)老師悉心的指導(dǎo)，感謝老師們給我的幫助。在項(xiàng)目過程中，我們通過查閱大量有關(guān)資料，與同學(xué)交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)和自學(xué)，并向老師請教等方式，使自己學(xué)到了不少知識，也經(jīng)歷了不少艱辛，但收獲同樣巨大。在整個項(xiàng)目中我懂得了許多東西，也培養(yǎng)了我們工作的能力，樹立了對自己工作能力的信心。而且大大提高了動手的能力，使我們充分體會到了在創(chuàng)造過程中探索的艱難和成功時的喜悅。雖然這個項(xiàng)目做的也不太好，但是在項(xiàng)目過程中所學(xué)到的東西是這次項(xiàng)目的最大收獲和財(cái)富，使我們終身受益。七、參考文獻(xiàn)1J.S.park。matlab gui tutorial for beginners。 University of Incheon。 2 易克初,等.語音信號處理M.北京:國防工業(yè)出版社，2006,6.3胡航.語音信號處理M.哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2000,5.4韓紀(jì)慶,張磊,鄭鐵然.語音信號處理M.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,20045彭軍。一個實(shí)例搞定matlab界面編程。八、附錄（程序代碼及元件清單）function varargout = open_the_road_5(varargin)% OPEN_THE_ROAD_5 M-file for open_the_road_5.fig% OPEN_THE_ROAD_5, by itself, creates a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_5 or raises the existing% singleton*.% H = OPEN_THE_ROAD_5 returns the handle to a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_5 or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% OPEN_THE_ROAD_5(CALLBACK,hObject,eventData,handles,.) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in OPEN_THE_ROAD_5.M with the given input arguments.% OPEN_THE_ROAD_5(Property,Value,.) creates a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_5 or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before open_the_road_5_OpeningFcn gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to open_the_road_5_OpeningFcn via varargin.% *See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu. Choose GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton).% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help open_the_road_5 % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 28-May-2012 21:53:24 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct(gui_Name, mfilename, . gui_Singleton, gui_Singleton, . gui_OpeningFcn, open_the_road_5_OpeningFcn, . gui_OutputFcn, open_the_road_5_OutputFcn, . gui_LayoutFcn, , . gui_Callback, );if nargin & ischar(varargin1) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);end if nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % - Executes just before open_the_road_5 is made visible.function open_the_road_5_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to open_the_road_5 (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for open_the_road_5handles.output = hObject; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes open_the_road_5 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1); % - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = open_the_road_5_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.output; % - Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)close(gcf)run(open_the_road_4)% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)close(gcf)run(open_the_road_6)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function figure1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)ha=axes(units,normalized,position,0 0 1 1);uistack(ha,down)II=imread(cauc.bmp);image(II)colormap grayset(ha,handlevisibility,off ,visible,off );% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns calledfunction varargout = open_the_road_4(varargin)% OPEN_THE_ROAD_4 M-file for open_the_road_4.fig% OPEN_THE_ROAD_4, by itself, creates a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_4 or raises the existing% singleton*.% H = OPEN_THE_ROAD_4 returns the handle to a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_4 or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% OPEN_THE_ROAD_4(CALLBACK,hObject,eventData,handles,.) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in OPEN_THE_ROAD_4.M with the given input arguments.% OPEN_THE_ROAD_4(Property,Value,.) creates a new OPEN_THE_ROAD_4 or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before open_the_road_4_OpeningFcn gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to open_the_road_4_OpeningFcn via varargin.% *See GUI Options on GUIDEs Tools menu. Choose GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton).% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help open_the_road_4 % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 30-May-2012 08:35:36 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct(gui_Name, mfilename, . gui_Singleton, gui_Singleton, . gui_OpeningFcn, open_the_road_4_OpeningFcn, . gui_OutputFcn, open_the_road_4_OutputFcn, . gui_LayoutFcn, , . gui_Callback, );if nargin & ischar(varargin1) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);end if nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % - Executes just before open_the_road_4 is made visible.function open_the_road_4_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to open_the_road_3 (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for open_the_road_3handles.output = hObject; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes open_the_road_3 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1); % - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = open_the_road_4_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.output; % - Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function figure1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to figure1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % -function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % -function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname= . uigetfile(*.wav);global s;s=pathname filename;s,fs,nbits=wavread(s);sound(s,fs,nbits); % -function Untitled_3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_3 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global s;h=subplot(1,1,1);set(h,position,0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7);plot(s);title() % -function Untitled_4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global s;y=fft(s);n=0:length(y)-1;h=subplot(1,1,1);set(h,position,0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7); plot(n,abs(y);title() % -function Untitled_5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % -function Untitled_6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname= . uigetfile(*.wav);global x;x=pathname filename;x,fs,nbits=wavread(x);t=0:1/22050:(length(x)-1)/22050;d=(0.5*cos(2*pi*8000*t);x2=x+d;sound(x2,fs,nbits); % -function Untitled_7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global x;t=0:1/22050:(length(x)-1)/22050;d=(0.5*cos(2*pi*8000*t);x2=x+d;subplot(2,1,2);plot(x2);title()subplot(2,1,1); plot(x);title() % -function Untitled_8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global x;t=0:1/22050:(length(x)-1)/22050;d=(0.5*cos(2*pi*8000*t);x2=x+d;y2=fft(x2);y=fft(x);n=0:length(y2)-1;subplot(2,1,2);plot(n,abs(y2);title()subplot(2,1,1);plot(n,abs(y);title() % -function Untitled_9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % -function Untitled_10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)wp=0.25*pi;ws=0.3*pi;Rp=1;Rs=15;Fs=22050;Ts=1/Fs;wp1=2/Ts*tan(wp/2);ws1=2/Ts*tan(ws/2);N,Wn=buttord(wp1,ws1,Rp,Rs,s);Z,P,K=buttap(N);Bap,Aap=zp2tf(Z,P,K);b,a=lp2lp(Bap,Aap,Wn);bz,az=bilinear(b,a,Fs);H,W=freqz(bz,az);h=subplot(1,1,1);set(h,position,0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7); plot(W*Fs/(2*pi),abs(H);title() % -function Untitled_11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname= . uigetfile(*.wav);global y;y=pathname filename;y,fs,nbits=wavread(y);t=0:1/22050:(length(y)-1)/22050;d=(0.5*cos(2*pi*8000*t);x3=y+d;wp=0.25*pi;ws=0.3*pi;Rp=1;Rs=15;Fs=22050;Ts=1/Fs;wp1=2/Ts*tan(wp/2);ws1=2/Ts*tan(ws/2);N,Wn=buttord(wp1,ws1,Rp,Rs,s);Z,P,K=buttap(N);Bap,Aap=zp2tf(Z,P,K);b,a=lp2lp(Bap,Aap,Wn);bz,az=bilinear(b,a,Fs);f1=filter(bz,az,x3);sound(f1,fs,nbits); % -function Untitled_12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_12 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global y;t=0:1/22050:(length(y)-1)/22050;d=(0.5*cos(2*pi*8000*t);x3=y+d;wp=0.25*pi;ws=0.3*pi;Rp=1;Rs=15;Fs=22050;Ts=1/Fs;wp1=2/Ts*tan(wp/2);ws1=2/Ts*tan(ws/2);N,Wn=buttord(wp1,ws1,Rp,Rs,s);Z,P,K=buttap(N);Bap,Aap=zp2tf(Z,P,K);b,a=lp2lp(Bap,Aap,Wn);bz,az=bilinear(b,a,Fs);f1=filter(bz,az,x3);subplot(3,1,3);plot(f1);title()subplot(3,1,1);plot(y);title()subplot(3,1,2);plot(x3);title() % -function Untitled_13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_13 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% hand