語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題二：名詞性從句.doc

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題二：名詞性從句1. 名詞性從句的基本概念：1) 主語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)；亦可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。2) 賓語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)；亦可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句置于句末。3) 表語(yǔ)從句：在句中充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。4) 同位語(yǔ)從句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有內(nèi)容的名詞后，起解釋、說(shuō)明作用。2. 注意：1) 名詞性從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。2) 名詞性從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：常用what 導(dǎo)，亦可用which表示選擇，用who/whom/whoever指人。 缺少狀語(yǔ)：用where（表地點(diǎn)）, when（表時(shí)間）, how（表方式）, why（表原因）。3) 如不缺成份：主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，不能省略； 表從、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞賓從可省略引導(dǎo)詞that； 介詞賓從、第二個(gè)賓從，引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略； it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)實(shí)際主從或賓從，一般that不省略； 當(dāng)主從、賓從本身為復(fù)合句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不省略。 如：He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was discovered by his parents.4) 含賓從的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5) 主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果由and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6) 當(dāng)主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定的，常常把否定詞not從從句中移到主句中。7) 只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下：(1) 在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中；(2) 在主語(yǔ)從句中，如果用it做形式主語(yǔ)，whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，否則，只能用whether (3) 在介詞之后； (4) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式； (5) 與or not連用； (6) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用whether。8) 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句常放在表示具體含義的名詞后，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，該名詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成份；定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞限定和修飾，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分。鞏固練習(xí)：1. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting. A. that B. what C. which D. /2. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter. A. If B. Whether C. What D. When3. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago. A. that B. whether C. if D. when 4. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen. A. if B. how C. which D. that how5. Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet. A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come6. What a pity _ is _ you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for7. Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if 8. _ is the most useful invention? A. Do you think which of these B. Which of these do you thinkC. Which of these you think D. You think which of these9. -I believe _ youve done your best and _ things will improve. -Thank you. A. that; / B. /; / C. what; that D. /; that10. It depends on _ we have enough time. A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether 11. You will realize _ breaks the law will be punished. A. that those who B. that those that C. whoever D. those whoever12. I dont doubt _ he will come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether13. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not been known14. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be 15. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of ? A. What; that B. That; what C. How; why D. Why; how 16. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that17. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether18. _ he really means is _ he disagrees with us. A. What; that B. That; what C. Why; that D. If; what19. - Dont you believe me?-_. Ill believe _ you say. A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. Yes; whatever D. No; no matter what20. Lei Feng was always thinking of _ he could help others. A. that B. how C. when D. which21. Can you tell me _? A. who is that woman B. who the woman is C. whom is the woman D. that woman is22. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.