HSE腳手架 HSE SCAFFOLDING.doc

HSE SCAFFOLDING HSE腳手架目 錄 TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 范圍 SCOPE42.0 目的 PURPOSE43.0 定義 DEFINITIONS44.0 責任 RESPONSIBILITIES54.1 項目經(jīng)理 Project Manager54.2 施工經(jīng)理 Construction Manager54.3 HSE經(jīng)理 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Manager64.4 部門主管 Department Manager64.5 員工 Employee65.0 注意事項 INSTRUCTIONS75.1 材料 Materials75.2 腳手架通用規(guī)則 General Rules for Scaffolding95.3 豎桿（鋼管和扣件腳手架） Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)105.4 腳手架上的橫木（鋼管和扣件腳手架） Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)115.5 橫梁 Transoms125.6 橫拉撐 Ties125.7 支柱 Braces145.8 工作平臺 Working Platform145.9 梯子通道平臺 Ladder Access Platforms155.10 梯子 Ladders165.11 防護棚 Protective Fans175.12 防止裝置 Check Fittings185.13 腳手架負載 Scaffold Loadings185.14 運輸和人員移動 Traffic and Personnel Movements185.15 腳手架類型 Scaffold Types185.16 系統(tǒng)腳手架 System Scaffold195.17 獨立捆扎腳手架 Independent Tied Scaffolds195.18 滿堂紅式腳手架 Birdcage Scaffold205.19 獨立塔 Free Standing Towers205.20 懸吊腳手架Suspended Scaffolds235.21 罐和其他容器 Tanks & Other Vessels235.22 腳手架的搭建 Erection of Scaffolding235.23 檢查和記錄 Inspection and Records255.24 腳手架使用者 Scaffold Users276.0 REFERENCES287.0 ATTACHMENTS281.0 范圍 SCOPE 本程序適用于XXX工程施工腳手架的直接或非直接供應、安裝、改變或拆除。Scaffolding shall only be supplied, installed, altered or dismantled directly or indirectly on the XXX Project in accordance with this Procedure. 2.0 目的 PURPOSE 為使用可靠的材料搭建、改變和拆除腳手架提供標準，并為在特定階段安全使用和檢查建立統(tǒng)一的標準。To provide standards to which scaffolds will be erected, altered and dismantled using sound materials and to set uniform standards for their safe use and inspection at specific periods. 3.0 定義 DEFINITIONS PMCAAAHSEHealth, Safety and Environment健康、安全和環(huán)境腳手架：腳手架定義為一個臨時結構，可提供通道、或用于支撐材料、裝置或設備。分為兩種類型：SCAFFOLDING Scaffolding is defined as a temporary structure which provides access, or from which persons work, or which is used to support materials, plant or equipment. It can be divided into two types: n 單體形式、梯子、圓形或所有其它用途的框架或整體結構Unit formwork, Kwick stage, All Round or other types of purpose made frames or units.n 管道和扣件：不同長度的單根管子用一個個連管節(jié)（直通）連接在一起。Tube & Fittings: Individual tubes, of varying lengths, held together by individual couplers. 腳手架標簽：一個白色的塑料支持物，紅色標記，有國際禁止標簽以及如下語句“腳手架標簽，禁用腳手架”，有一個插入卡，一面綠， 一面黃SCAFFOLDING TAG :A white plastic holder, marked in red, with the international prohibitive sign and the words “Scaffolding tag, Do not use Scaffold”, with an insert card, green on one side and yellow on the other. 4.0 責任 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 項目經(jīng)理 Project Manager項目經(jīng)理對本程序負全面責任，為執(zhí)行該程序提供支持，并確保現(xiàn)場各部門積極執(zhí)行該程序。The Project Manager has the overall responsibility for this procedure and is responsible for supporting it and for ensuring that all departments at the jobsite actively participate. 項目經(jīng)理負責提供有效執(zhí)行本程序的必需的人員、設施、和其它資源。The Project Manager is responsible for providing the personnel, facilities, and other resources necessary to effectively implement this procedure. 項目經(jīng)理和管理小組以身作則，率先垂范，起到表率作用，規(guī)范所有在現(xiàn)場工作的人員的行為。The Project Manager and the management team will lead by example, modelling the behaviour expected from all personnel performing work at the jobsite. 4.2 施工經(jīng)理 Construction Manager 施工經(jīng)理必須認真貫徹執(zhí)行該程序，并提供必要的資源（包括人力、資源和設備）來保證本程序的有效實施和管理。The Construction Manager has the responsibility for compliance with this procedure and shall provide the personnel, facilities, and other resources necessary to effectively implement, administer and enforce this procedure. 施工經(jīng)理應向所有施工部門傳達程序要求，保證所有施工部門認真執(zhí)行該程序。施工經(jīng)理應確保所有員工遵守和積極參與本程序要求。The Construction Manager is responsible for the effective dissemination and education of the requirements to all departments and ensure the procedure is implemented by all departments. The Construction Manager shall ensure that all employees actively participate with its requirements.4.3 HSE經(jīng)理 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Manager HSE經(jīng)理應協(xié)助項目經(jīng)理執(zhí)行管理此程序，并始終如一監(jiān)控該程序的執(zhí)行。The HSE Manager, in conjunction with the Project Manager, is responsible for implementing and administering this procedure. HSE經(jīng)理具體工作如下：The HSE manager will: n 負責協(xié)調(diào)解決該程序執(zhí)行過程中出現(xiàn)的所有問題。Function as an adjudicator on any issues from the implementation of this procedure n 對各施工部門進行審查，確保其滿足程序的要求，向項目經(jīng)理匯報程序執(zhí)行情況并將執(zhí)行情況反饋給各部門。Audit all construction departments to ensure the requirements of this procedure are implemented and will report the implementation to Project Manager and provide feedback on performance to each department. n 協(xié)助各部門工作使本程序要求得以有效執(zhí)行。Assist each department to effectively implement the requirements of the procedure n 做好HSE記錄，以便于PMC有關部門的檢查。Ensure the required HSE records are generated and available for review by PMC related departments as appropriate. 4.4 部門主管 Department Manager 部門主管應十分熟悉本程序及他們的關于程序執(zhí)行的個人責任。Department Manager shall be thoroughly familiar with this procedure and with their individual responsibilities regarding its implementation and enforcement. 部門主管應確保分派的工作交給那些能勝任的人，這包括確保這名工人具有足夠技能、體能和知識以安全執(zhí)行工作任務。Department Manager shall ensure that only competent persons are assigned work tasks. This includes ensuring the worker has the skills, physique and knowledge to safely execute the work task. 4.5 員工 Employee 員工必須了解、理解和遵守本程序適用于他們所執(zhí)行工作的HSE要求Employees must know, understand and comply with the health, safety and environmental requirements of this procedure as applicable to the work they perform. 員工必須向他們的主管報告關于任何可能會影響設備安全操作的設備故障。Employees must report to their Supervisor any equipment malfunction that may effect the safe operation of the equipment. 在工作中，如果對工作指令有不明白的地方或有擔心的安全問題，工作人員應該立即向其直接主管匯報。Employee must advise their immediate Supervisor whenever unsure of the instructions for a task or where concerned about the safety status of any task. 5.0 注意事項 INSTRUCTIONS 5.1 材料 Materials 所有的腳手架材料應能可靠施工，強度足夠，按照英國標準制造、施工和維護。All scaffolding material shall be of sound construction and adequate strength and shall be manufactured, constructed and maintained to British Standards. 鋼管、扣件、框架等目視為直的，應無裂縫、裂痕、額外的腐蝕或其它缺陷。端口應切割成與管軸一致并斜切Tubes, units, frames, etc. shall be straight to the eye and shall be free of cracks, splits, excessive corrosion or other defects. The ends shall be cut square with the axis of the tube and chamfered. 管道、單元和框架都不能油漆，可以接受的涂層應為鍍鋅和鋅涂層No tube, unit or frame will be painted. The only acceptable coating shall be galvanizing and zinc primer. 不能使用黑鐵管No black steel tube shall be used. 腳手架木板厚度應為下述三種厚度中的一種，即38mm, 50mm和63mm，所有的木板均為225mm寬Scaffold boards shall be one of three thicknesses, i.e. 38mm, 50mm and 63mm. All boards will be 225mm wide. 類似厚度的木板可用于單獨的腳手架Boards of similar thickness will be used to deck out individual scaffolds. 腳手架木板如有一個直徑大于50mm的結，則不能接受Scaffolding boards are not acceptable if they have a knot larger than 50mm diameter. 木板邊緣的結不應超過板厚度的50%Edge knots shall not exceed 50% of the thickness of the board. 彎曲的木板不能使用Warped boards shall not be used. 有裂口的腳手架木板不能使用Scaffold boards with splits are not acceptable. 應無切口、燒痕、油污或突出的釘子There shall be no cut outs (checks), burns, oil stains or projecting nails. 不應以其它任何可掩藏缺陷的方式油漆或處理，可以使用一種經(jīng)批準的材料進行防火處理。Boards shall not be painted or treated in any other way, which may conceal defects. They may be fireproofed using an approved material. 壞的或過度磨損的木板不能使用Boards which are broken or excessively worn are not acceptable. 木板應是方形并用鐵箍箍住。Boards shall be square cut and bound with a hoop iron. 至少，鐵箍應標記下述信息：As a minimum the hoop iron shall be stamped with the following information: n 木板所遵守的國際標準International standard to which board complies. n 以米計的木板所能支撐的最大跨度Maximum span in meters over which the board has to be supported. 扣件應由有經(jīng)驗的和勝任的檢查人員每周檢查一次。Couplers shall be inspected weekly by an experienced and competent examiner. 任何發(fā)現(xiàn)破裂或損壞的扣件或發(fā)現(xiàn)有生銹或破損螺紋的扣件應除掉。Any coupler found to be broken or damaged or found to have rusty or damaged threads should be discarded. 扣件應按類型歸類，應保持清潔并輕度潤滑以防止生銹Couplers shall be sorted by type. They shall be kept clean and lightly oiled to prevent rust. 所有腳手架材料應恰當和清潔的存貯。All scaffolding material shall be properly and neatly stored. 鋼管應按長度分類和存貯Tubes shall be sorted and stored by length. 扣件應按類型分類和存貯Couplers shall be sorted and stored by type. 木板存貯時不超過20塊板的高度Boards shall be stored no more than 20 high. 存貯在現(xiàn)場供即刻使用的材料，應以整潔的方式存貯，不應存在絆倒的危險和堵塞通道。Where materials are being stored at the site of erection for immediate use, they shall be stored in a neat manner, which does not present a tripping hazard or block access routes. 腳手架材料應存貯在指定的地方，用防水油布覆蓋。Scaffold materials shall be stored only in designated compounds approved by PMC and covered with tarpaulin. 5.2 腳手架通用規(guī)則 General Rules for Scaffolding 基礎應水平并能承受所加負載The foundations shall be level and adequate to carry the load imposed. 無論何種基礎表面，都須在每個豎桿下放置底盤。Base plates shall be placed under every standard irrespective of the foundation surface. 底盤應為150mm*150mm，由5mm厚低碳鋼制作，并有50.8mm的中心支柱。The base plate shall measure 150mm by 150mm, made from mild steel, 5mm thick, with the center shank 50.8mm high. 如果基礎不是混凝土結構或者未鋪鋼板或者未鋪石板時應在底盤下加墊板。Sole plates or boards shall be placed under every base plate where the foundation is other than concrete or metal plate decking. This rule shall apply to open deck grating and unpaved areas. 使用獨立木板的最低要求如下：The minimum sole board requirements which are laid down can be interpreted as follows n 硬地面500mm 長 x 225mm x 35mmFirm ground - 500mm long x 225mm x 35mm n 軟地面765mm X 225mm X 35mm；在兩根立桿下1550mm x 225mm x 35mmSoft ground - 765mm long x 225mm x 35mm ;under two standard - 1550mm x 225mm x 35mm 單獨的木板最小尺寸應為39mm厚、225mm寬和455mm長Sole board minimum dimensions shall be 38mm thick, 225mm wide and 455mm long. 在腳手架基礎3米范圍內(nèi)都不得進行損壞腳手架的挖掘。Under no circumstances shall scaffolds be undermined by carrying out any excavation within 3 meters of the foundations. 5.3 豎桿（鋼管和扣件腳手架） Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds) 豎桿之間的間距由要使用的腳手架決定，跨度任何情況下都不應超過如表1所示的那些距離The spacing between standards is determined by the intended use of the scaffold.Under no circumstances shall the bay length exceed those distances appended in Table 1.表1 TABLE 1負載Duty 平臺的使用Use ofplatform平臺負載分布（(KN/m2)Distributed loads on platforms (KN/m2)平臺最大數(shù)量Maximum number of platforms通常使用寬度為225mm木板Commonly used widths using 225mm boards最大跨度Max. bay length (m) 檢查和極輕度負載Inspection and very light duty檢查，油漆，清除石頭，Inspection, painting, stone cleaning, light cleaning, cleaning and access. 0.75 1 個工作平臺1 working platform 3塊木板3 boards 2.5 輕度負載Light duty Plastering, painting, stone cleaning, glazing and pointing 1.50 2個工作平臺2 working platforms 4塊木板4 boards 2.4 通常目的General purpose General building work including brickwork, window and mullion fixing, rendering, plastering 2.00 2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty 5 boards or 4 boards + 1 inside 2.1 重負載Heavy dutyBlockwork, brickwork, heavy cladding 2.50 2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty 5 boards or 5 boards + 1 inside or 4 boards + 1 inside 2.0 磚石建筑或特殊負載Masonry or special duty Masonry work, concrete blockwork, and very heavy cladding 3.00 1 working platform + 1 at very light duty6至8塊板6 to 8 boards 1.8 豎桿每2米的垂直度偏差為20mm（最大偏差為50mm）Standards shall be plumb to within 20mm in 2M (Subject to a maximum total deviation of 50mm). 使用套筒扣件或套管（接合銷）將豎桿之間連結起來。接合處必須是錯開的，也就是他們不能在鄰近區(qū)域同一水平發(fā)生Joints in standards can be made with sleeve couplers or spigots (joint pins). Joints must be staggered, i.e. they must not occur at the same level in adjacent standards. 5.4 腳手架上的橫木（鋼管和扣件腳手架） Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds) 使用直角、承重的扣件將橫木垂直水平固定在豎桿內(nèi)部Ledgers must be plumbed level and fixed to the inside of standards using right angle, load bearing couplers. 橫木之間的垂直距離（每層高度）應不超過兩米The vertical distance (lift height) between ledgers shall not exceed 2 meters. 應使用套筒扣件連結橫木，不允許使用套管（接合銷）。Joints in ledgers shall be made with sleeve couplers, spigots (joint pins) are not acceptable. Ledger joints on the same lift and in adjacent lifts, should not normally occur in the same bay. 重要說明 IMPORTANT NOTE 直角扣件，是將橫木連到豎桿上的唯一類型的扣件。旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件是一種承重扣件，必須以這種方式使用。所有的扣件必須遵守BS 1139，扣件的使用必須遵守BS 5973。Right angle couplers, (doubles), are the only type of coupler used to attach ledgers to the standards. The swivel coupler is a load bearing coupler and must not be used in this way. All couplers must comply with BS1139. The use of couplers must comply with BS 5973. 5.5 橫梁 Transoms 在任何情況下，都應用直角扣件連結橫梁至豎桿，他們可能橫放在橫木上，由所提供的橫木確保安全，橫木不能超出豎桿300mm。Transoms should, whenever possible, be secured to standards using right angle couplers. They may however, be laid across ledgers and secured with putlog clips provided that they are not more than 300mm from each pair of standards. 橫梁不能超出外沿50mm。In no case shall the transom over hang be less than 50mm. 5.6 橫拉撐 Ties每隔兩層和每隔兩根豎桿應設置橫拉撐。Ties must be fixed at every second lift and every second standard. 在腳手架被防水油布覆蓋的地方，應考慮額外的風力負載，并插入額外的橫拉撐Where a scaffold has been sheeted out with tarpaulins, consideration will be given to additional wind loading and the insertion of additional ties. 所有的橫拉撐都應是正雙向的，也就是他們應阻止腳手架靠近或遠離建筑物，正雙向橫拉撐是：All ties shall be positive two way ties, i.e. they shall prevent movement of the scaffold either into or away from the building. Positive two way ties are: n 盒式橫拉撐Box ties n 直通橫拉撐Through ties n 螺桿式或錨式橫拉撐Screw or anchor ties n 用Gravlock扣件確保安全的橫拉撐（成對使用）Ties secured with Gravlock couplers (provided they are used in pairs) n 禁止使用SK扣件SK couplers are banned and must never be used. 所有橫拉撐均應盡可能靠近接點，不能在扣件上。All ties must be secured as near to the node point as is possible. No other coupler will be acceptable. 在固定點，橫拉撐必須有足夠的強度承受所加負載以確保安全。任何情況下都不能使用護欄做為橫拉撐的固定點。The anchorage point to which a tie is secured must be of sufficient strength to withstand the load imposed upon it. Under no circumstances shall guard-rails be used as an anchorage point for ties. 做為通用規(guī)則，橫拉撐必須總是被插入的，在不可能的地方，采用下述替代方案：As a general rule, ties must always be inserted. Where this is not possible, the following alternative actions may be taken. n 在不超過三層的小腳手架上，腳手架的穩(wěn)定性可通過斜撐獲得。斜撐將用到第二層橫木的直角扣件來確保安全。斜撐底部應裝上底盤，如需要可以加墊板。斜撐應分布均勻。On small scaffolds not extending above three lifts, the stability of the scaffold can be achieved by rakers. The raker shall be secured with right angle couplers to the ledger at the second lift. The load in the raker will be distributed through a base plate, or, if required a soleboard. The foot of the raker shall be tied back to the main scaffold. Rakers shall be inserted at the same standard spacing as ties. n 超過三層的腳手架，必須沿著整個構造長度建一個穩(wěn)固的支壁。支壁高度不應低于絞手架頂部以下第3層，然后用直角扣件將腳手架固定到倒數(shù)第二層的支壁上。Where a scaffold extends above three lifts, a well braced buttress shall be erected along the total length of the structure. The buttress shall be erected to a height no lower than the third lift from the top of the scaffold. The scaffold shall then be rakered back from the second top lift to the buttress, using right angled couplers. 撐桿應扣到其中點位置，長度不應超過3米。No raker shall extend more than 3 meters without being tied back at its mid point. 5.7 支柱 Braces 所有的腳手架應兩頭固定。支柱的正面或者從橫木到橫木，長度應達到構造的總長度。All scaffolds shall be braced in both directions. Braces, whether facade or ledger to ledger, will extend to the full height of the structure. 正面支柱每10米應重復安裝一個。Facade braces shall be repeated at a maximum distance of every 10metres. 橫木到橫木應在每一個標準交替組位置重復安裝一個。Ledger to ledger bracing shall be repeated at every alternate set of standards. 正面支柱應使用套筒連接器連接，不能使用套管。Joints in facade braces shall be made with sleeve couplers, spigots are not acceptable. 在橫梁固定了支柱的地方，橫梁必須用直角扣件固定。Where braces are fixed to transoms, the transom itself must be fixed with right angle couplers. 5.8 工作平臺 Working Platform 工作平臺應盡量小，輕負載，3塊腳踏板寬。Working platforms to be minimum, light duty, three boards wide. 所有的工作平臺鋪板應該緊密，踢腳板端應相互連接上。All working platforms shall be close boarded with boards butted together end to end. 每一塊踢腳板都應該捆扎牢固保證安全。Each individual board shall always be securely lashed. 護欄應固定在所有的工作平臺豎桿內(nèi)，高度最低1.1米，最高1.5米。應該提供中間管以便踢腳板和護欄內(nèi)面之間的空間不會超過690mm。Guard-rails shall be fixed to the inside of the standards on all working platforms to a height of between 1.1 meters (minimum) and 1.5 meters (maximum). Intermediate tubes shall be provided so that the space between the top of the toeboard and the underside of the guard-rail shall not exceed 690mm. 任何情況下中間護欄應固定到豎桿內(nèi)或者雙層踢腳板中。An intermediate guard-rail shall be fixed to the inside of standards in every instance, or a double toe board. 踢腳板包括停止端踏板應適合所有的工作平臺。最大高度為150mm。Toeboards including stop end boards shall be fitted to all working platforms. The minimum height will be 150mm. 如果材料堆積高度超過了踢腳板高度，應建立一個合適的柵欄（磚結構）。If materials are to be stacked above the height of the toeboard, a suitable barrier (brick guards) shall be erected. 腳手架的最小和最大懸垂應遵守表2.The minimum and maximum overhang of scaffolding boards shall comply with Table 2. 如果使用了蝶形單頭就不允許懸垂。No overhang is permitted if butterfly singles are used. 表2：腳手架踏板，跨度和懸垂限制TABLE 2 - SCAFFOLDING BOARDS, LIMITS OF SPAN AND OVERHANG標稱腳踏板厚度(mm)Nominal Thickness of Board橫梁之間最大跨度Maximum Span Between Transoms (meters)最小懸垂(mm)Minimum Overhang最大懸垂(mm)Maximum Overhang381.550150502.650200633.2550250橫撐木橫梁上最多不能承載2塊踏板寬度，除非橫梁用直角扣件固定住了并“提高了安全系數(shù)”。No more than 2 boards width shall be supported on needle transoms unless the transoms are fixed with right angle coupler and picked up. 在每個梯子入口處應長期懸掛腳手架安全使用的布告牌。上面應注明每天腳手架允許承載的最大工具和材料重量以及人數(shù)。Signboards in appropriate languages shall be permanently displayed on each ladder access. These shall state the maximum allowable weight of tools and materials and the maximum number of men per bay appropriate to the type of scaffold. 5.9 梯子通道平臺 Ladder Access Platforms 梯子通道平臺之間的垂直高度不應超過9米。The vertical height between ladder acc