2019屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)練Unit24Society（含解析）北師大版選修.docx

Unit 24 Society李仕才 閱讀理解AWe had a TV series in London. One of our fellow TV presenters seriously upset the camera crew when they arrived at his house. He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be. But, as the crew told us later, he had already shown them that he didnt walk his talk.In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer, in a small London cafe. If you have ever been to London youll know that in such cafe the tables are very close. Two well dressed African men sat down next to them, which effectively meant they were sharing the same table. Ed asked the two strangers where they were from and one said, South Africa. The man pulled out his business cardhis name was Jacob Zuma who, at that time, was the President of the ANC but is now the President of South Africa.Usually, if you sit next to someone in a big city cafe, you dont even make eye contact, let alone conversation. Jacob had never met Ed before so he could have been distant and polite, he certainly didnt have to talk, let alone maintain communication, which he did over the following few years. He even hugged him!How we walk our talk shows far more than just our public behavior. Rather, it highlights how we view the world and our place in it. Jacob Zuma showed us how he treats otherswith the fairness, consideration and respect that he treats all beings. No matter who we are, whether a street cleaner or a president, we are all equal, here together as one human family.1.What can we learn about the TV presenter?A. He felt upset before the camera.B. He was known for his being impolite.C. His deeds didnt agree with his words.D. He pretended to be polite to the camera crew.2.Which word can best describe Jacob Zuma according to the text?A. Friendly.B. Humorous.C. Generous.D. Serious.3.Why did Ed go to the small London cafe?A. To film a TV series.B. To interview Jacob Zuma.C. To meet with a TV producer.D. To observe peoples public behavior.4.What is the text mainly about?A.TV presenters are often too proud.B. There still exists inequality in society.C.I. earned people are more likely to be polite.D. People should treat others with equal respect. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)舉例講述了我們?nèi)绾巫龅窖孕幸恢拢Y貌待人。我們的談話(huà)方式是我們的公共行為，表明我們?nèi)绾慰创澜绾臀覀冊(cè)谏鐣?huì)中的地位，因此我們應(yīng)該公平的、體貼的、尊重地對(duì)待別人。1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段二、三句He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be.可知，這位電視節(jié)目主持人對(duì)待同事粗魯不禮貌，當(dāng)面對(duì)鏡頭，他就成了眾所周知的完美的精神形象。因此推斷他是一個(gè)言行不一的人。故選C。3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer, in a small London cafe.可知，Ed去咖啡館是為了見(jiàn)一個(gè)電視節(jié)目制片人。故選C。4.D 【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀(guān)全文可知，文章通過(guò)舉例講述了我們?nèi)绾巫龅窖孕幸恢拢Y貌待人。我們的談話(huà)方式是我們的公共行為，表明我們?nèi)绾慰创澜绾臀覀冊(cè)谏鐣?huì)中的地位，因此我們應(yīng)該公平的、體貼的、尊重地對(duì)待別人。故選D。B(2017青島自主練習(xí))The researchers findings will hardly come as a surprise to those who study air pollution.Previous research has shown that outdoor air pollution causes more than 3 million deaths annually and suggested that the figure could double by 2050.Another study suggested that air pollution causes 1.6 million premature (早產(chǎn)兒) deaths annually in China alone.Policy makers across the globe have responded to air pollution with a number of new regulations, many of which focus on limiting pollution from coal.China stopped approval of new coal mines for three years at the end of 2015 and has issued strict requirements along the lines of those in the US.for new coalfired power plants.Cities in China have also developed warning systems to get cars off the streets and limit industrial pollution during periods of intense smog.But even these policies may still be met by increases in mortality(死亡率) as aging populations are increasingly suffering from the problems associated with pollution.“China might move in the right direction in terms of air pollution, but its going to have to continue revising policies just like the US.and Europe，” said Dan Greenbaum, president of Health Effects Institute, which supported the research.And, while premature deaths due to pollution in the US.and Europe have declined in recent decades, cities in the West have still taken steps to reduce pollution.Air pollution kills more than 200，000 in Europe and nearly 80，000 in the US.each year, according to the research.The benefits of addressing air pollution extend beyond the people who experience the health effects of poor air directly.“One of the unique things about air pollution is that you cant run, you cant hide from it, ” said study researcher Michael Brauer, a professor at the University of British Columbia, in a video accompanying the presentation.“But we know that if you improve air quality, everybody benefits from it.”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。戶(hù)外的空氣污染導(dǎo)致人口死亡率不斷增長(zhǎng)， 很多國(guó)家已經(jīng)采取相應(yīng)措施來(lái)減少空氣污染。1What has changed under the new policies in China?ANo more new coal mines are allowed until 2018.BCars cant be driven in big cities.CLess aging populations are dying from air pollution.DFactories polluting air are forbidden to work.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的China stopped approval of new coal mines for three years at the end of 2015 and has issued strict requirements along the lines of those in the US.for new coalfired power plants.(2015年底， 中國(guó)政府停止三年內(nèi)對(duì)新煤礦開(kāi)采的審批， 并像美國(guó)一樣對(duì)新燃煤電廠(chǎng)提出了嚴(yán)格的要求。)可知， 直到2018年中國(guó)才允許開(kāi)采新煤礦。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。2What should China do according to Dan Greenbaum?AChange the ways of dealing with air pollution.BSeek for help from the US.and Europe.CRelease more strict policies.DAdjust the policies constantly.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的 “China might move in the right direction in terms of air pollution, but its going to have to continue revising policies just like the US.and Europe, ” said Dan Greenbaum.(“中國(guó)在空氣污染方面可能在朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)， 但是中國(guó)還得繼續(xù)修訂政策， 就像美國(guó)和歐洲一樣，” Dan Greenbaum說(shuō))可知， 中國(guó)還得持續(xù)調(diào)整相關(guān)政策。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。3What can be inferred about the US.and Europe from the last but one paragraph?AThey have settled their environmental problems.BThey have cut their premature deaths to the lowest.CMeasures are still being taken to deal with pollution.DPopulation killed by air pollution have increased.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知， 雖然在美國(guó)和歐洲污染所致的早產(chǎn)兒死亡率在不斷地下降， 但是西方的很多城市還會(huì)采取措施來(lái)減少污染， 因?yàn)椴扇〈胧┲卫砜諝馕廴舅鶐?lái)的好處也會(huì)直接影響到那些因空氣質(zhì)量差而健康遭受影響的人們。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。COn Christmas Eve, 1944, my grandmother urged my uncle, then 12 years old, to slip out of the concentration camp where they were imprisoned near 15 miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram. “People are charitable around Christmastime,” Grandma Lili said to her son, Gyuri. “Ask for some food. Anything they can spare. Tell them that were on the edge of starvation. Tell them that your 3-year-old sister can not get off the bed because shes outgrown her shoes.”In the dark of that night, Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram, the closest town. He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door. A woman opened that door. She was probably alone, her man far away, fighting in the war, her children asleep in their beds. The 12-year-old pieced together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.“Come back tomorrow, whispered the woman. The next day, my uncle returned. The woman opened the door with a smile. She piled his hands with bread, clothing, a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks. The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother. After putting on the socks and shoes that fit, my mother got off the bed in delight. Her ragged shoes were passed on to a younger child who was also living in the camp. They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp. It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.In April 1945, my mother, uncle and grandmother were liberated. And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some 28 miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.To the unknown giver, I thank you. In the desperation of a cold and snowy land, when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life, especially for Jews, you gave them hope and comfort.1.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?A. Get permitted to go out.B. Receive food and clothing.C. Express what his family needed.D. Celebrate Christmas in the camp2.Why does the author mention shoes so many times?A. To prove the truth of the story.B. To help the development of the story.C. To attract readers attention to the story.D. To make clear the background of the story.3.What feeling did the author write the text with?A. DesperationB. Gratefulness.C. ExcitementD. Sorrow.4.What is the passage mainly about?A. Light in darknessB. Peace to common peopleC. Courage in face of dangerD. The influence of Christmas【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了1944年圣誕前夕，奶奶一家在集中營(yíng)里日子艱難，迫不得已12歲的叔叔秘密走出集中營(yíng)去附近的村莊求助，一位善良的女士給予了他們一家一些物質(zhì)上的幫助。這位好心人的善舉給了過(guò)著暗無(wú)天日的日子的奶奶一家不僅是物質(zhì)上的幫助還有對(duì)未來(lái)的希望，最終一家人堅(jiān)持到光明的到來(lái)。2.B 推理判斷題。開(kāi)始提到鞋子是Gyuri妹妹沒(méi)有合腳的鞋穿是他逃出集中營(yíng)求助的原因之一，Gyuri的妹妹有了合腳的鞋后，小了的鞋就被送給了集中營(yíng)里的一個(gè)比她小的孩子，而Gyuri的妹妹穿著好心人送的鞋迎來(lái)了自由，一家人走向了新生活，鞋子貫穿這個(gè)故事，因此推斷作者多次提到鞋的原因是為了有助于故事的發(fā)展和文章主題的升華。故選B。4.A 【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀(guān)全文特別是文章最后一段可知，在積雪覆蓋的寒冷的冬天，人們封閉自己，死亡比活下去更容易的情況下，這位善良的人不僅給予了奶奶一家物質(zhì)上的幫助，而且給了他們希望和撫慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓勵(lì)他們走向新的生活。因此推斷這篇文章歌頌了黑暗中人性光明的一面。故選A。D(2017重慶適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Robert Frost(18741963) was the statesman of American letters in the twentieth century，a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens.In his life，F(xiàn)rost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his worksmore than any other poet in American history.His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken, Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.Though he is widely read，F(xiàn)rost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.Though born in California，F(xiàn)rost was brought up in New England，where he is inseparably linked.After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream，he remained upset for years，producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile.Finally，F(xiàn)rost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his work might be better received in London.It was，and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great Britain.Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States，publicizing it insistently.Soon afterwards Frosts collections became bestsellers，and he became a famous figure.From then on，F(xiàn)rost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his achievements in poetry.In 1961，he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration(總統(tǒng)就職典禮) of John FKennedy.He recited his poem, The Gift Outright, from memory at the ceremony.This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963.More importantly，F(xiàn)rost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章主要介紹了美國(guó)偉大的詩(shī)人Robert Frost的文學(xué)生涯。1What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？AThe comments of other writers.BHis literary achievements.CThe complexity of his poems.DHis political activities.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens.in American history”可知，他的文學(xué)成就很高。故選B項(xiàng)。2What do we know about Frost before 1912?AHe continued writing after his graduation from Dartmouth College.BHe was well received in London for his first collection.CHe failed to make much money with his publication.DHe produced enough works to achieve literary success.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)Frost沒(méi)能靠寫(xiě)作掙到很多錢(qián)。3According to the passage，what brought Frost immediate success in the US?AThe literary value of his poetry.BThe publication of his first collection.CThe invitation from John FKennedy.DThe recommendation by Amy Lowell.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States，publicizing it insistently.a famous figure.”可知，選D。4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AThe Literary Life of Robert Frost：An OverviewBRobert Frost and the Twentieth CenturyCRobert Frost：A Historical FigureDThe Popularity of Robert FrostA解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文介紹了美國(guó)偉大詩(shī)人Robert Frost的文學(xué)生涯。A選項(xiàng)意為“Robert Frost的文學(xué)生涯概述”。故選A項(xiàng)。 七選五(2017鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school.1._ They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project.2._ It is said to be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams.3._The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Caline McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“4._ I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction.5._ It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.AHowever, the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social media didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了孩子花費(fèi)過(guò)多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲的危害。1G解析：根據(jù)第一段的第一句“A new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school.”和空后的“They show that too many hours.”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究警告，花費(fèi)過(guò)多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲會(huì)影響孩子們的在校表現(xiàn)；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處是這一研究結(jié)論的來(lái)源，故G項(xiàng)切合題意。2D解析：根據(jù)空后的一句“It is said to be the first ever longterm study.results.”可知，空處介紹的是研究的時(shí)間，故D項(xiàng)正確。3E解析：根據(jù)空前一句“41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams.”可知選E，E項(xiàng)中的“77%”以及“compared”都表明是與空前一句的比較。4C解析：根據(jù)空前一句“She says the study.test results.”可知，社交媒體與考試成績(jī)之間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，故選C，即“顯然，社交媒體沒(méi)有任何影響”，C項(xiàng)中的“social media”與空前一句中的“social media”相對(duì)應(yīng)。5A解析：空前一句說(shuō)一些家長(zhǎng)將玩電腦游戲與毒癮進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可以判斷，空處是一個(gè)承上啟下句，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。、七選五By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients._2_ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it._3_ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Lati