外研社七年級下冊英語語法.doc

外研社七年級下冊英語語法Module 1 1. First of all, come and look in the lost and found box! 首先，過來看看失物招領(lǐng)箱吧！first of all 的意思是“首先”，常用于句首。例如：First of all, let me introduce my friend Lily to you. 首先，讓我向你介紹我的朋友莉莉。find v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到Many people here cannot find work. 這里很多人都找不到工作。So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.迄今為止，他們還沒有找到一種對抗該病毒的方法。3. Everyone, please be careful with your things from now on. 從現(xiàn)在開始，請每個人小心保管自己的物品。be careful with 的意思是“小心（對待）”。例如：Be careful with that knife, or youll cut yourself. 小心那把刀子，否則你會劃傷自己。from now on 的意思是“從現(xiàn)在開始”例如:From now on, things are going to be different around here. 從現(xiàn)在起，這附近的情況將發(fā)生變化。4. in a hurry 匆匆忙忙She went to the school in a hurry. 她匆匆忙忙地去學校了。Dont be in a hurry. 不要著急。5. They leave things on planes, on trains, on buses and taxis. 他們把東西落在飛機、火車、公交車和出租車上。leave 這里表示“落下，遺忘”，它還有很多其他的含義：1) 表示“離開”，例如：Nancy wants to be a doctor when she leaves school. 南希畢業(yè)后想當一名醫(yī)生。2) 表示“把（某人或某物）留在（某處）”，例如：I often leave the kids with Susan. 我經(jīng)常把孩子們留給蘇珊（照顧）。3) 表示“留到，留待”，例如：Leave it another week, then tell hell have to decide. 把此事再放一周，到時告訴他必須做出決定。4) leave 還可以用作名詞，表示“假期，休假”，例如：I have to ask for three days leave.我得請三天假。6. Hundreds of people come here every day. 每天都有許多人到這里來。hundred 是一個確數(shù)，表示“一百”； hundreds of 是一個概數(shù)，表示“好幾百，許許多多”。當 hundred 前面有一個具體的數(shù)詞時，hundred 不變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)例如：two hundred cows 兩百頭奶牛當 hundred 與 of 連用時，它后邊的名詞和它本身都用復數(shù)，例如： hundreds of cows 幾百頭奶牛Module 21.Id like to join the Music Club because I can play the piano. 我想加入音樂社團是因為我會彈鋼琴。1)定冠詞the用于西洋樂器前（民族樂器前不加）play the piano 彈鋼琴play the violin 拉小提琴 2)中國樂器名詞前不與冠詞連用：play erhu 拉二胡3）進行球類運動、下棋不用冠詞：play basketball 打籃球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋2. I think shed like to join the Dance Club because she can really well. 我認為她想加入舞蹈俱樂部，因為她真的跳得好。would like意為“想要”，其語氣比用 like 婉轉(zhuǎn)些。具體用法如下： 1) 后面接名詞或代詞，表示“具體要”某樣東西。例如： Id like two sweaters for my daughters. 我想給我的女兒們買兩件毛衣。Would you like one of these mooncakes？你想要一塊這樣的月餅嗎？ 2) 后面接動詞不定式，表示“愿望，喜愛”，常用于有禮貌地提出邀請、請求或建議。例如： I would like to be your class monitor.我想當班長。Would you like to come to supper？你愿意來吃晚飯嗎？3) 當主語是第一人稱時， would 可與 should 換用，它們都可以縮寫為 d，并且like也可換成love。例如：Im sure he would love to come. I should like the red one.我想要紅色的。I would like to be your class monitor.我想當班長。Would you like to come to supper？你愿意來吃晚飯嗎？3) 當主語是第一人稱時， would 可與 should 換用，它們都可以縮寫為 d，并且like也可換成love。例如：Im sure he would love to come. I should like the red one.我想要紅色的。4) would like后面可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例如： What would you like me to do？你想要我干什么？Id like you to meet my parents, too. 我想要你也見見我的父母。3. I can cook eggs, but thats all. 我會炒雞蛋，但僅此而已。thats all是口語中一句非常有用的表法，其用法主要有以下三種：1) 表示僅此這些或無關(guān)緊要，意為：沒別的；沒事；沒什么；事情就是這樣。如：How are you feeling？ 你感覺怎么樣？Fine. Just a little tired. Thats all. 還好，只是有點累，沒事。2) 表示沮喪或無可奈何，意為：“沒有（別的）辦法”。如：If it rains tomorrow, we shall have to stay at home, we cant play football, thats all. 如果明天下雨，我們只好呆在家里，不能出去踢球，沒有別的辦法。3) 表示說話或做事完了（或暫時完了）。意為: “完了；就這些”。如：Thats all. Thank you. 我的發(fā)言完了，謝謝。Thats all for today. 今天就到這里吧。Thats all, you may go now. 就這些，你可以走了。4. Dont worry about Chinese. 別擔心中文。worry about = be worried about 擔心Dont worry about your son. = Dont be worried about your son.不要擔心你的兒子。5. I get on well with everyone 我和每個人都相處得很好 get on well with. 與.相處融洽；進展順利 1) Do you get on well with your parents?你跟你父母相處得怎樣？ 2) I get on very well with them.我和他們相處的非常好。3) He is not easy to get on well with. 他不是一個容易相處的人如果要表達“與某人相處得不好”，可以用get on badly with sb. 如果想詢問“與某人相處得怎樣”，要用how來提問，例如：How do you get on well with your classmates? 你跟同學相處得怎樣？Just so so. 一般般。6. Choose me as your class monitor and I promise to help YOU! 選我當你們的班長，我保證會幫助你們！ as的意思是“作為，當作”，例如： As a student, she has to finish her homework. 作為一個學生，她必須完成作業(yè)。promise “允諾；許諾” promise sb. to do sth.答應某人做某事make a promise許下諾言 keep ones promise保守諾言 break ones promise 打破諾言, 說話不算數(shù) 7. I often help my mother do cleaning at home. 我經(jīng)常幫助我媽媽在家打掃衛(wèi)生。 do some cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生 do some shopping 買東西 do some reading 看書 do some washing 洗衣服4. Im always ready to help others.我總是準備幫助別人。 be ready to do sth. “準備好做某事” getreadytodosth.和bereadytodosth.的意思是“準備做某事”。前者強調(diào)行為；后者強調(diào)狀態(tài)。兩者后面可接介詞for，for后面接名詞。如： WearereadyfortheEnglishtest. 8. Im sure everybody would like a clean classroom, just like home. 我確信每個人都喜歡干凈的教室，就好像家一樣。 sure “確信的；有把握的” 1) be sure +不定式用于祈使句，作“務必、一定”講。 Be sure to come to my house.Be sure to finish your homework as soon as possible.2) be sure+從句，表“確信、對有把握”I am sure that he is coming. = He is sure to come.3) make sure +從句 = make sure of 弄清、查清楚Make sure that he has handed his workbook.Make sure of it before you start out.just like “正如，正像”The night of the celebration was just like Christmas for them.當晚的慶?；顒訉λ麄儊碚f就像圣誕節(jié)一般。9.情態(tài)動詞can的用法（一）基本用法 1). 表示能力（如體力和腦力方面），意為“能；會”等。例如：Can you speak English? 你會講英語嗎？Can you play the piano? 你會彈鋼琴嗎？2). 表示請求或允許，多用在口語中，意為“可以；能”等。用于疑問句中用來提出要求，用于否定句表示不允許。例如：Can I help you? 我能幫助你嗎？You cant play basketball. 你不能玩籃球。Can you.？“請你好嗎？”表示說話人的請求；Can I.？“我可以嗎？”用來征求對方是否允許自己做某事。如在句末加上 please一詞就顯得更有禮貌了。例如：Can you help me, please? 請你幫助我好嗎？3). 表示可能。例如：He can be at home now. 他現(xiàn)在可能在家。The moon cant always be full. 月亮不可能常圓。4). 表示懷疑。在表達此意時，只能用于一般疑問句中，帶有感情色彩。例如：Can it be true? 那會是真的嗎？ （二）句式變化如下： 1). 在變否定句時，直接在can后加上“not”,可縮寫成cant或cannot, 但不能寫成cannt。例如：He can swim. He cant swim. Tony can see the pen on the desk. Tony can not see the pen on the desk. 2). 在變一般疑問句時，直接移到主語前（原主語的首字母改成小寫，第一人稱應變?yōu)榈诙朔Q）即可。例如：I can see an orange on the table. Can you see an orange on the table? 其回答可用Yes, OK或Certainly等作肯定回答；用No或Sorry等作否定回答。例如： Can you look after my dog, please? 你能照看一下我的狗嗎？ OK. 可以。用Certainly回答。此時語氣更為肯定。Can I see your piano? 我能看看你的鋼琴嗎？Certainly. 當然可以。 Module 31. On Saturday morning, Im going to check my email and do my homework.周六上午我打算查看電子郵件并寫作業(yè)。Im going to see a movie in the afternoon. 我打算下午去看電影。如果我們要表達“在上午、下午、晚上”，可以說in the morning / evening / afternoon 三個詞也常跟介詞in連用。例如：Dont watch TV too much in the evening. 晚上看電視不要太多。They sometimes play games in the afternoon. 他們有時在下午做游戲。但如果特指“在具體的某一天”或“（在具體的某一天的）上午、下午、晚上”等，須用介詞on。例如：Ill see you on Monday morning. 周一上午見。She always goes to see a film on Friday evening. 她總是周五晚上去看電影。2. but on Sunday afternoon, Lingling and I are going to have a picnic. 但是星期日下午玲玲和我要去野餐。have a picnic“去野餐”。在英語中，經(jīng)常用have + n. 組成詞組，例如：have a look at 看一看have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早/午/晚飯have classes / lessons 上課have a meeting 開會3.have a rest 休息一會兒Im looking forward to the football match tomorrow. 我期待著明天的足球賽。look forward to “期待，盼望”，后面接名詞或動名詞(V-ing)。例如：Im looking forward to my holiday.我盼望著假期的到來。The children are looking forward to visiting Beijing.孩子們期待著去北京游覽。4. Im going to enjoy myself during the May Day holiday.我要在五一假期好好玩一玩。enjoy oneself“過得愉快”，相當于have a good time，例如：I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚過得愉快。 5、be going to 的用法點撥 be going to 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，它后面要接動詞原形，用來表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，有時也可以表示推測將要或肯定會發(fā)生的動作，有“準備；打算”的意思。含有be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中往往有表示將來的時間狀語。例如： We are going to see a movie this afternoon. 今天下午我們打算去看電影。Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain.看那些烏云，快要下雨了。6、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞be很少用原形，它一般有三種形式，即：am, is, are。當主語是 I 時用am ；當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用is；當主語是其他人稱時用are。例如：I am going to buy something tomorrow.She is going to see me this afternoon.7、含be going to 的句子變否定句和一般疑問句的變法由于句子中有助動詞be，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就構(gòu)成了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加問號就構(gòu)成了一般疑問句，其答語為：Yes, 主語+ am/is/are. / No, 主語+ isnt/arent. / No, Im not. 例如： They are going to have a picnic this Sunday. (肯定句) They are not going to have a picnic this Sunday. (否定句)Are they going to have a picnic this Sunday?Yes, they are. (No, they arent.) (一般疑問句及其回答)8、使用be going to 應注意的兩點： 1)There be 句型的be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is / are going to be. (注意句型中g(shù)oing to 后面的be不能改為have。) 常用來表示將有某事發(fā)生。例如： There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我們學校將有一場足球比賽。2). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作，它們很少與be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孫小姐要來。 Module 4more 是形容詞 many 和 much “多的”的比較級。意為“更多的”，即： 如： many books 許多書 more books 更多書 much milk 許多牛奶 more milk 更多牛奶 free 是形容詞，意思是“（時間）空閑；空余的”，反義詞是 busy “忙碌的”。即： 例如： I am free today but I was busy yesterday.今天我有空，但昨天我很忙。 in future “今后”，表示從今以后 in the future “將來”，表示未來。 例如： Please be more careful in future. 今后小心點。 I dont know what will happen in the future.我不知道將來會發(fā)生什么事。 In 20 years time, maybe there wont be any schools. 二十年之后，也許一所學校都沒有了。 句中的 “in + 一段時間”表示“一段時間之后”，常用于將來時?？梢杂?how soon 來提問。例如： How soon will you be back? 你多久回來？ In a week. 一個月之后。 They can ask their teachers questions by Internet, telephone or email. 他們可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電話或電子郵件向老師提問。 句中的 “by”表示方式，意思是“用，靠，通過”。例如：Send it by air mail. 用航空郵件寄吧。 They want to travel by train. 他們想坐火車旅行。 Computer wont be able to do that. 計算機無法勝任。 句中的 “be able to”的意思是“能夠，會，勝任”。相當于 can，比起 can 來可以用于更多的時態(tài)中。例如：Im able to swim. = I can swim. 我會游泳。 再如： They will be able to tell you the news soon. = They can tell you the news soon. 他們很快就能夠告訴你這個消息了。 He was able to write when hes three. = He could write when hes three. 他兩歲就會寫字了。 Teachers wont use chalk on a blackboard and students wont use pen and paper, or erasers any more! 老師們將不再用粉筆在黑板上寫字，學生們也將不再使用鋼筆、紙或橡皮！ 句中的 “not . any more”的意思是“不再”。例如： He isnt a child any more. 他不再是小孩子了。 I wont do that any more. 我再也不那樣做了。 short 是形容詞，意思是“短的；短暫的；矮的”，作“短的”講時，反義詞是 long “長的”；而作“矮的”講時，反義詞是 tall“高的”。即：heavy 是形容詞, 意思是“重的，沉的”, 反義詞是 light “不重的, 輕的; 輕松的; 少量的”。即： cheap 是形容詞, 意思是“便宜的”, 其反義詞是 expensive 或 dear “貴的”、“昂貴的”。即：easy adj. 容易的e.g. This question is so easy. 這個問題很簡單。rain n. 雨；雨水 v. 下雨e.g. It rained the whole weekend. here is/are. （用于介紹某人或某物）“下面” 如果后面跟的是復數(shù)名詞，就用 is, 如后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，就用 are。常常翻譯成“這兒是.”或“這兒有.”。例如：Here is a pen. 這兒是一支鋼筆。 Here are some students. 這兒有一些學生。 注意單數(shù)時與 This is a . 的差別，試比較： Here is a pen. 這兒是一支鋼筆。 This is a pen. 這是一支鋼筆。 not only . but also . 不僅.，而且.當 not only but also 連接的兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞要與其最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。例如： Not only the students but also the teacher likes the sea. Not only the teacher but also the students like the sea. not only . but also . 不僅.，而且.小貼士： 1. not only but also 中的 not only 不能分開使用，but also 可以。 2. not only but also 連接兩個并列成分時，可以省略 but 或 also，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。The sea level will rise as well. 海平面也會升高。 句中的 “as well”表示“也，又”，常用于句子末尾。例如： The little girl sings, and plays the piano as well. 這個小女孩既會唱歌，又會跳舞。 He can speak English, and speak Chinese as well. 他既會說英語，又會說漢語。 一般將來時 如果我們想描述將來的事情或表達對未來的預測等，我們可以用一般將來時表達，它的動詞形式是：“will + 動詞原形”。例如： There will be a computer on every desk in the future. 未來每個桌子上都將有一臺電腦。 It will rain tomorrow. 明天將要下雨。 We will go to school on foot. 我們將步行去上學。 一般將來時的否定形式 一般將來時的否定形式，是在 will 后面加 not 或用 wont。例如： There will not be a computer on every desk in the future. = There wont be a computer on every desk in the future.未來每個桌子上都將沒有一臺電腦。 一般將來時的否定形式 It will not rain tomorrow. It wont rain tomorrow. 明天將不會下雨。 We will not go to school by bus. We wont go to school by bus. 我們將不乘公交車去上學。 一般將來時的一般疑問形式 及其肯定、否定回答： 這個時態(tài)的一般疑問形式，是將 will 提到句首，并在句尾使用問號?？隙ɑ卮鹩?will，否定回答用縮略式 wont。例如： Will there be a computer on every desk tomorrow? Yes, there will. / No, there wont.未來每個桌子上都將有一臺電腦嗎？是的，將有。 / 不，將沒有。 一般將來時的一般疑問形式 及其肯定、否定回答： Will it rain tomorrow?Yes, it will. / No, it wont.明天將會下雨嗎？是的, 將會。 / 不, 將不會。 Will we go to school by bus tomorrow?Yes, it will. / No, it wont.明天我們將乘公交車去上學嗎？ 是的，將會。 / 不，將不會。 Module 51.May I try it on? 我可以試穿下嗎？try on“試穿” 代詞放中間，名詞放后面。例如：Try on the shoes before you buy them.買鞋之前要先試穿。2. What else would you like? 你還想要點什么？else常放在疑問代詞或不定代詞之后，“anything / something / nothing / who / what + else”。例如：What else can you see? What else do you want? I have something else to tell you.Would you like something else to drink?else與other比較：other一般放在名詞之前。表示名詞意義。other就是普通的形容詞用法，表示“其他的”，比方說: Some students are in the classroom, where are the others(=the other students)? There are other ways of doing this exercise.1. Second, shopping usually takes a lot of time. 其次，購物通常需要花很多時間。 take, spend, cost和pay的用法區(qū)別： spend, take, cost和pay都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。1) take后面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種： It takes sb. 時間to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。例： It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。2) spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以 下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) spend time/money on sth. 在上花費時間（金錢）。例： I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數(shù)學題花了我兩個小時。(2) spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。例： They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。(3) spend money for sth. 花錢買例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。3) cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可 以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) 金錢，某物花了（某人）多少錢。例： A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 時間，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。例： Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。4) pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買。例： I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。(2) pay for sth. 付的錢。例： I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。(3) pay for sb. 替某人付錢。例： Don t worry! Ill pay for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。2. Online shopping is changing our way of life. 網(wǎng)上購物正在改變我們的生活方式。way在這里表示“方式，方法”，它還可以表示“道路，路線”，例如： I dont know the way to the post office.我不認識去郵局的路。語法點撥特殊疑問句：一、定義：以疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。二、常用的疑問詞有：what（什么）， who（誰）， whose（誰的）, which（哪個）， when（何時）, where（哪里）, how（怎樣）, why（為何）等。三、特殊疑問句的語序：1疑問詞（+主語）+謂語動詞+其他成分？Who is singing in the room?2疑問詞+一般疑問句語序？如：How much are these sausages? What size does his mother take? How much meat do you want? What colour would you like? What time does he get up every morning?When are you going to have a picnic?Why do they like shopping on the Internet? 四、注意事項：1回答特殊疑問句時，不能用yes / no，即問什么答什么，尤其是簡略回答。如：1) What colour does he like? He likes white.2) What size do you like? Small.3) How much beef would you like? Half a kilo.4) How much are they? Thirty-eight yuan a kilo.5) Why do they like shopping on the Internet? Because they can buy almost everything on the Internet, and its very easy.2特殊疑問句一般讀降調(diào)()。how many與how much的用法：1. how many接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，表示“多少”。How many books are there on the desk?How many days are there in a week?2. how much的用法:1) 用來詢問事物的數(shù)量，后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如： How much milk is there in the glass? 2) 用來詢問事物的重量。例如：How much does the pig weigh? Eighty kilos.3) how much 意為“多少錢”時，可單獨使用，也可構(gòu)成詞組how much money，但英語中常省略money，用來詢問某物的價錢、價格。（注意：how much詢問價格時，它的回答若是中國的貨幣單位應采用漢語拼音yuan來表示, 且字母小寫，無復數(shù)。How much is the eraser?Two yuan. 兩元。4) 用來詢問數(shù)字計算的結(jié)果，相當于what。例如： How much is three plus one? Its four. Module 61. along作介詞時，意為“沿著”。 e.g. Go along the road and youll see it.2. across 和 cross：（1）across為介詞，表示（在表面）越過，橫穿” ；cross為動詞，意為“穿過，橫穿”。（2）across必須與動詞連用。cross不能與動詞連用。例如：run across3. Why not + v.?表示“為什么不呢？” Why not go to the library?4. opposite是介詞，表示“在的對 面”。 e.g. The bank is opposite the bookshop.5. turn left表示“向左轉(zhuǎn)”；turn right表 示 “向右轉(zhuǎn)”。 6. third是序數(shù)詞，表示“第三”。Three是基數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞要放在the的后面。 e.g. the third street 7. Could you tell me how to get to + 地點? = Can you tell me the way to + 地點? = Where is + 地點?8. take v. 搭乘；乘坐；固定使用；把（某人）帶往；使（某人）到 take bus/train/boat Can you take me to the bus station? 問路的句型：Where is ?How can I go/get to ?Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to ?Could you show me the way to ? 指路的句型：Go along the street and youll see Turn left/Turn right.Turn left into Take the underground/Take a bus/taxi.Follow the road 1. Were standing opposite the National Gallery, a museum with lots of famous paintings. a museum 是 the National Gallery 的同位語，with 引導的介詞短語修飾 museum。2. It takes you 135 metres above the River Thames. above prep. 在上方；在之上 The bird is flying above the water. 那只鳥在水面上飛。 He lifted his hands above his head. 他將雙手舉過頭頂。3. When you are tired, the best way to see London is by boat. 當你累了, 游覽倫敦最好的方式便是乘船。 4. As you go along the river, the London Eye is on your right. 沿河進行時，倫敦眼就在你的右邊。 as 這里引導的是時間狀語從句。 5. When you get off the boat, go past the station and walk along the street. get off 表示“下（車，船）” past prep. 路過（某物或某地）；越過 We walk past the school. go past 經(jīng)過 walk along 沿著走 I like to walk along the beach.6. Youre now back where you started. 你現(xiàn)在回到了出發(fā)的地方。 Where you started 是地點狀語從句。 1. 方位介詞。 on the left/right 在左邊/右邊 next to 臨近 opposite 在附近 on the corner of 在的拐角 between and 在和之間2. 問路、指路。 Turn left/right. Go across Take the No. bus. Where is ? How can I get to ? Could you tell me the way to ? Can you show me the way to ?Module 7be 動詞的形式原形am is are 否定縮略式am not isnt arent 過去式was was were 否定縮略式wasnt wasnt werent 含有was的 特殊疑問句例如：1. What was the name of the village?2. What was the name of your first school?3. Who was your first t