新世紀大學英語2冊U1B2 (4).doc

Download unit 4 101. Difficult Sentences1. (Para. 1) There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. Can you analyze the cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success?(=If you expect good things to happen, they usually do.)2. (Para. 2) Optimism and pessimism are with powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations. Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations? (=Because there is enough good and bad in everyones life, which serves as a rational basis for us to choose either optimism or pessimism.)3. (Para. 2) There is enough good and bad in everyones life ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=每個人的生命中都有足夠的幸運與不幸豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦令我們找到或樂觀或悲觀的理由。)4. (Para. 3) I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. What can we infer from this sentence? (=The author chooses to be an optimist rather than a pessimist.)5. (Para. 3) But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. （=但是，當一切塵埃落定，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的美好遠比丑惡多。）6. (Para. 4) Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling prophecy? (=There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=反過來，悲觀的想法、態(tài)度和期待也會自成因果：它們是能自我實現(xiàn)的預言。)7. (Para. 5) That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? (=The author was feeling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendants question, he still tells him the fact. )8. (Para. 9) Optimism doesnt need to be naive. What does this sentence imply? (=To be optimistic doesnt mean to be simple-minded or happy blindly.) 9. (Para. 10) Optimism draws our attention away from negativism and channels it into positive, constructive thinking. Paraphrase this sentence. (=If we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on the positive side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking. ) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=樂觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)向積極的、建設(shè)性的思考。)2. Words and Expressions 1. in reverse: in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation US video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse. 2. (Para.2) shape: v.1) influence sth. such as a belief, opinion, etc. and make it develop in a particular way Peoples political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers. It is true that a peoples character is, to a great extent, shaped by the environment they live in.2) make sth. have a particular shape, especially by pressing it （插入圖片bird nest） The bird shaped its nest from mud and sticks. Children shaped the sand into a mound on the beach. (插入聲音文件shape) (=We watched in amazement as she shaped the clay into a pot.)3. (Para. 2) ample: adj.1) more than enough There is an ample supply of consumer goods. The director of the company receives an ample salary.2) (literary) large in a way that is attractive or pleasant 他胸懷廣闊。 (=Hes got an ample bosom.)4. (Para. 2) bless: v. ask God to protect sb. or sth.; have a special ability, good quality, etc. （插入圖片Jesus） They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them. We were both blessed with good health. （插入聲音文件） (=In some countries, the priest blesses the fields before seed is sown.) 愿上帝保佑你。 (=May God bless you.)Pattern: be blessed with sth.N.B. 注意該詞的詞性變化，它的名詞與形容詞分別為：blessing和blessed。5. (Para. 2) curse:1. v.1) say or think bad things about sb. or sth. because they have made you angry He cursed (at) his bad luck. She cursed him for ruining her life. 2) swearGilbert was cursing under his breath.2. n.1) a swear word or words that you say because you are very angry He muttered a curse under his breath.2) sth. that causes trouble, harm, etc. （插入圖片mice） Mice are a curse in the country. Gambling is often a curse. 他的財富最后害了他。 (=His wealth proved a curse to him.)6. (Para. 2) perspective: n.1) a way of thinking about sth., especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences You have the wrong perspective on that situation. He views everything from a political perspective. （插入聲音文件） (=The death of his father eight months ago has given him a new perspective on life.)2) a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that sth. is more serious than it really is She was under such stress that she lost all sense of perspective. We must keep a sense of perspective about what hes done.7. (Para. 2) view: v. 1) think about sth. or sb. in a particular way I view his action as a breach of trust.2) look at sth., especially because it is beautiful or you are interested in it The mountain is best viewed from the north side.Collocations: view sth. as sth.view sth. from sth.8. (Para.3) highlight: 1. v. make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it The report highlights the problems of the unemployed. （插入聲音文件highlight） (= I would like to highlight three challenges in the process of the development of cultural traditions. )2. n. the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of sth. such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight, David Beckham viewed that season as the highlight of his career. 她的表演是那場演出中最精彩的部分。 (=Her performance was the highlight of the show. )9. (Para.3) live through: experience difficult or dangerous conditions He has lived through two wars and three revolutions. The general has lived through more than five times of murdering.10. (Para. 4) conversely: adv. used when one situation is the opposite of another You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid. American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. 11. (Para. 4) feed on / upon: if a feeling or process feeds on sth., it becomes stronger because of it; if an animal feeds on a particular food, it usually eats that food Birds feed on seeds and berries. （插入圖片cattle）Cattle feed chiefly on grass. Hatred feeds on envy. (=因妒生恨。)CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supply這些動詞均含有“供養(yǎng)、提供、撫養(yǎng)”之意feed普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指給人或動物提供食物，又可指給植物以養(yǎng)料或為機器等加燃料等。nourish指提供生長、健康或維持生存所必需的食物或養(yǎng)料，尤指用促進生長的營養(yǎng)品。句中事物名稱往往做該動詞的主語。nurture表示在幼兒、幼苗的成長過程中予以細心的照料、保護或者可以指幫助計劃、想法、感情等發(fā)展。supply表示提供所需物品。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Milk, eggs, and meat _ the bodies of growing boys and girls. (=nourish)2. It is mothers duty to _ her children. (=nurture)3. Most large towns are _ with electricity. (=supplied)4. The farmers wife _ cattle and sheep every morning. (=feeds)5. We want to the new project, not destroy it. (=nurture)12. (Para. 5) odd: adj. different from what is normal or expected, especially in a way that you disapprove of or cannot understand She gets odder as she grows older. We always meet in odd circumstances.CF: strange, odd, peculiar & curious這些形容詞均含有“奇怪的，奇異的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。strange普通常用詞，含義廣泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。例如：The doctor thought her strange behavior was caused by stress. odd通常指不同尋?；蛘叱龊跻饬现獾娜嘶蚴挛铮钊死Щ蠡蚋械狡婀?。例如：He is rather an odd man. peculiar常指因為覺得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有點奇怪。例如：This food has got a peculiar taste. curious通常指非常奇特從而能引起人們的好奇心。例如：It is a curious fact that he never works but has plenty of money. 13. (Para. 6) pull over: drive to the side of the road and stop your car, or to make sb. else do this Pull (your car) over and let me pass!14. (L41) pick up: get an illness I picked up a virus while I was in America.(Directions:) Match the definitions with the sentences.1) let sb. get into your car2) learn sth.3) catch (an illness)4) recover; regain5) get sth.6) improve; become better1. We can pick up the tickets an hour before the play begins. (=5)2. Unfortunately, many children picked up the flu. (=3)3. The economy is starting to pick up now. (=6)4. She picked up quite a lot of French when she lived in France. (=2)5. Youll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside. (=4)6. He picked up the child and put her on his shoulder. (=1)15. (Para.7) figure out: think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened I cant figure out why he quit his job. Have you figure out whats wrong with your car? 我試圖弄明白出了什么事。 (=I was trying to figure out what was happening.)16. (Para. 7) reflect: v.1) if a surface reflects light, heat, or sound, it sends back the light, etc. that reaches it; if a person or a thing is reflected in a mirror, glass, or water, you can see an image of the person or thing on the surface of the mirror, glass, or water （插入圖片tree reflected）Look at the trees reflected in the lake. The sight of my face reflected in the mirror never pleases me. （插入聲音文件reflect） (=Although planets give off no light of their own, they reflect the light from the sun and look like stars at night.)2) show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling Her sad looks reflected the thoughts passing through her mind. The increase in crime reflects rising unemployment. Modern society asks for modern facilities. Modern facilities reflect the modern flavour.3) think carefully about sth., or to say sth. that you have been thinking about I need time to reflect on your offer. He reflected how difficult it would be to escape. 決定做一件事之前應(yīng)考慮可能產(chǎn)生的后果。 (=You should reflect on the likely result before you decide to do something.)17. (Para. 7) profound: adj.1) showing strong, serious feelings * He has a profound sense of guilt.* He opened the door with a profound sigh.2) showing great knowledge and understanding We all consider him to be a profound statesman. He is good at expressing profound truths in simple language, 中華文明博大精深、源遠流長,為人類文明進步作出了巨大貢獻。 (=The Chinese civilization, extensive and profound, and with a long history behind it, has contributed tremendously to the progress of human civilization.)CF: deep & profound這兩個形容詞都有表示“深的”之意。deep普通用詞，可用于比喻，表示“深刻”、“深奧”、“深謀遠慮”等。例如：There is a deep wound in the old tree. profound語氣較強，較為莊重，多指抽象的事物，多用于比喻，含有“極為深刻、深奧的”之意。例如：It is hard for you to grasp such a profound theory. 18. (Para. 8) affirmation: n. strengthening a feeling, belief, or idea; stating publicly that something is true （插入圖片Titanic）The movie Titanic is an affirmation of the power of love. 19. (Para. 8) accomplish: v. succeed in doing sth., especially after trying very hard We tried to settle the argument but accomplished nothing. We have accomplished all we set out to do.CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & complete這些動詞均含有“完成”之意。accomplish指經(jīng)過艱苦的努力之后成功地完成了規(guī)定的工作、計劃、任務(wù)等，側(cè)重達到預期目的的整個過程。achieve指通過持續(xù)的努力而完成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事，特別強調(diào)由于非常努力以及克服困難后達到目的。fulfill指達到預定的目標，如計劃的完成、職責的履行、諾言的實現(xiàn)、任務(wù)的完成等，側(cè)重于完成心愿或者盡義務(wù)的意思。complete指完成一件指派或預定的任務(wù)，或完善、完整未完成的部分，一般指經(jīng)過比較長的時間以后完成了任務(wù)。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never _ his early promise. (=fulfilled)2. They _ the difficult task assigned to them. (=accomplished)3. The construction work of the new steel plant has already been _ . (=completed)4. It is more difficult for a woman to _ success in modern society. (=achieve)5. Ill my obligation to the best of my ability. (=fulfill)6. They conducted a series of experiments that their purpose. (=achieved) 20. (Para. 9) address: v.1) make a formal speech to a large group of people The governor was invited to address the conference.2) if you address an envelope, package, etc., you write on it the name and address of the person you are sending it to The letter is addressed to the occupier of the house. （插入聲音文件）(=He gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to